1,721,774 research outputs found
The Chi ling hu 畸零戸 of the Ming Period
Get PDFIt is certain that studies of Ming history have given too little consideration to the persistence of despotic state power as the substantial element proper to Chinese society. In the present article the author studies the organization of the Li chia 里甲 in which the state power and the direct producers had contact with each other.In the Ming period, 110 households formed a li 里, of which the ten with the highest tax-assessments were li chang hu 里長戸 and the other one hundred chia shou hu 甲首戸. They were described as chêtg kuan hu 正管戸. Chi ling hu were helpless households consisting of widows, widowers, the old and orphans, and were exempt from taxation and labour services. They were attached as supernumeraries, apart from the li chang hu and chia shou hu which were liable to taxes and corvée.The central government of the Ming aimed to keep the taxable households under its subjection as far as possible. 110 households were registered as chêng kuan hu and all the rest were chi ling hu. Naturally, some of the taxable households were given exemption and included in the chi ling hu. However, it sometimes happened that chi ling hu had to bear taxes and corvée, because some of the chêng kuan hu were ruined financially due to the heavy burden of taxes. This was to make up for defect of the fixed-amount tax payment system (ting na chih 定納制), and also to maintain the reproductive functions of the rural community under the li chia chih system.The Ming government established itself and thus kept its political power over the peasantry by ruling directly the 110 chêng kuan hu.journal articl
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
sj-docx-1-hej-10.1177_00178969221145804 – Supplemental material for The role of mental engagement between moderate or vigorous physical activity and academic achievement in adolescents
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-hej-10.1177_00178969221145804 for The role of mental engagement between moderate or vigorous physical activity and academic achievement in adolescents by Lingyi Fu, Yi Wang, Shing On Leung and Wan Ling Hu in Health Education Journal</p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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