1,721,047 research outputs found
Food for thought : designing for critical reflection on food practices
No full textWith increasing demands on our time, everyday behaviors such as food purchasing, preparation, and consumption have become habitual and unconscious. Indeed, modern food values are focused on conve- nience and effortlessness, overshad- owing other values such as environ- mental sustainability, health, and pleasure. The rethinking of how we approach everyday food behaviors appears to be a particularly timely concern. In this special section, we explore work carried out and dis- cussed during the recent workshop “Food for Thought: Designing for Critical Reflection on Food Practices,” at the 2012 Designing Interactive Systems Conference in Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
Archives in DNA: Workshop exploring implications of an emerging bio-digital technology through design fiction
Full text linkContinuing developments in DNA-based digital data storage systems promise us a sustainable, techno-utopian future; propositioning bio-digital solutions addressing the ever-increasing global data production, and inadequacies of conventional storage infrastructure to meet the demand. Distinct attributes of DNA make it an attractive archival medium. With its ability to retain high density of digital information cheaply, and to do so over multi-lifespans, DNA-based storage systems are seen as able to radically shape how we archive and use data, across wide-ranging applications. However, while the stakeholders continue to refine and race towards commercialization of the emerging technology, its sociocultural and ethical implications remain unexplored, limiting opportunities to generate insights on how such systems could be better designed and experienced. This workshop begins to explore what our DNA-mediated archival futures may hold. We learn about the fundamental principles governing the new technology and create stories about its pervasion in our lives, mediated through design fiction and structured discourse
Study 2: Irish Psychologist's experience of offering therapy online: a qualitative study
No full textSystematic Review:
Remotely delivered therapy for mental health disorders is increasingly adopted in health services worldwide. However, evidence of how the implementation of remote therapy affects the therapeutic relationship is disjointed. To synthesise international evidence exploring the sociotechnical features that may play a role in determining a strong therapeutic relationship in remotely delivered therapy for mental health disorders. A qualitative systematic review. A systematic review was conducted up until May 2022, including qualitative studies from EBSCO CINAHL, Medline - PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo and SCOPUS, which explored the therapeutic relationship and alliance of remotely delivered therapies. Twenty-three studies were included. The data were categorised into four themes: 1. Therapists’ enthusiasm for remote therapy facilitates service user buy-in, 2. It is possible to establish a therapeutic relationship in remotely delivered therapy 3. Remote therapy should be implemented as an adjunct to face-to-face therapy, and 4. Technical issues have the potential to disrupt the creation of a safe and trusting atmosphere in remote therapy. Sociotechnical components play a role in determining a strong therapeutic alliance in remotely delivered therapy, such as the characteristics of the therapist and the centrality of technology. Augmenting rather than replacing face-to-face, can assist in identifying areas for the improvement of remote therapy.
Empirical Research:
Digital technologies can transform healthcare services and may contribute to health system goals of accessibility, quality and equality of healthcare. However, this requires careful consideration of both the technical requirements needed to make online therapy work and sensitivity towards the relational factors required to build a therapeutic alliance. The current study uses Psychologists’ experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic and the associated move to online therapy as a critical incident to reflect on the future of digitisation. The socio-technical systems (STS) theory has been adopted as a lens that allows us to interrogate participants' social, technical, interpersonal and organisation experiences of the digitilisation of mental health services. Participants (N=10) were psychologists from Health Service Executive (HSE) Mental Health and Primary Care Services in Ireland who had provided therapeutic intervention online during the Covid-19 pandemic (F= 6, M=4) (age 25- 44). An inductive reflexive thematic analysis generated four themes: 1. Optimizing outreach and engagement through digital therapy; 2. Digital therapeutic disruptions; 3. Understanding what makes online therapy feel like a suboptimal offering; 4. Identifying the enablers to offering effective online therapy. Some psychologists indicated that engaging the online platform could convey a degree of protection and anonymity due to physical distance that was sometimes beneficial to establishing a more intimate connection
Tailoring eHealth interventions for weight loss: an integrative person-centred approach
No full textObesity is a public health concern which requires scalable, effective and cost-effective approaches to support people to lose weight. Behaviour change interventions that support people to improve the quality of their diet and increase physical activity can promote weight loss. eHealth interventions, that draw on the internet and communications technology to improve or enable health and healthcare, are a scalable approach to supporting weight loss. However, eHealth interventions generally suffer from a lack of participant engagement, compared to in-person interventions. “Tailoring” is an approach to the design of behavioural health interventions, which involves personalisation of the information, advice and support delivered to participants. It can promote a sense of personal relevance and interactivity, leading to increased engagement and effectiveness of eHealth interventions. Despite this goal, the tailoring process to date has been ‘theory-driven’ - focused on developing automated ways to deliver content to individuals based on their scores on theoretical predictors of a target health outcome. This approach oversimplifies the health behaviour change process, giving little consideration to the unique individual’s needs, agency and context as they change their health behaviours. On the other hand, person-centred care is a philosophy of healthcare delivery, which is founded upon a strong practitioner and patient relationship, emphasising patient input and participation according to their unique context (Kitson et al., 2013). Indeed differing ‘person-centred’ approaches to designing systems or interventions have also been developed. Focusing attention on how tailoring is implemented for one particular health outcome (e.g. weight loss) from different perspectives can enhance our understanding of tailoring, including highlighting opportunities where the process can be optimised. This thesis takes a pragmatic approach to integrating empirical evidence from three different conceptual approaches to tailoring:
The first part of the thesis examined how the existing theory-driven conceptualisation of tailoring was implemented in extant literature and in a contemporary commercial setting. The systematic review in Chapter 4 contributed an enhanced knowledge about the specific tailoring strategies and tools used in the process of tailoring and their effectiveness in promoting weight loss. Chapter 5 describes the development and evaluation of tools to support the tailoring process, and reports their application and efficacy.
The second part of the thesis examined a person-centred conceptualisation of tailoring, studying how tailoring was implemented in the practice of health coaches, as a source of collaborative, empowering human support in participants’ health behaviour change. Chapter 6 provided an insight into what theory-based strategies were implemented in tailored feedback as well as how the strategies were implemented (e.g. the interpersonal delivery style).
The third part of the thesis examined a person-centred, self-directed approach to tailoring, examining how people use technology to tailor their own weight loss efforts. Chapter 7 presents a naturalistic study of peoples’ appropriations of tailoring tools to shape their weight loss attempts and describes how these tools facilitate a tailored feedback loop that can promote or stifle their sense of agency in behaviour change.
Based on the findings of this thesis, I present the conceptual model of Person-Centred Tailoring (PCT). This model presents a paradigm shift away from a conceptualisation of tailoring as a technology focused, theory-driven communication strategy and towards tailoring as a philosophy of individual behaviour change that: emphasises the role of actors in the tailoring process, including the agentic individual striving to change their behaviour, the human support engaging in the change process (both professionals and peers) and the interaction between the two and with the technology it is mediated by. It draws on health behaviour change theory and tailoring theory, as well as interpersonal skills in describing how support for the behaviour change process is provided. The PCT model can be used as a guide to optimise existing computer-tailored systems or interventions or as an approach to map, develop, evaluate and implement tailored interventions, moving towards making interventions as personally-relevant, evidence-based, engaging and effective as possible
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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