345 research outputs found
Lindenberg_et_al_RR_Moral_hypocrisy_and_hedonic_shift_Supplementary_material__SUBMIT_RandS_24-7-18 – Supplemental material for Moral hypocrisy and the hedonic shift: A goal-framing approach
No full textSupplemental material, Lindenberg_et_al_RR_Moral_hypocrisy_and_hedonic_shift_Supplementary_material__SUBMIT_RandS_24-7-18 for Moral hypocrisy and the hedonic shift: A goal-framing approach by Siegwart Lindenberg, Linda Steg, Marko Milovanovic and Anita Schipper in Rationality and Society</p
Combining purpose with profits
No full textA sense of purpose that transcends making money can motivate employees. But to sustain both a sense of purpose and a solid level of profitability over time, companies need to pay attention to several fundamental organizing principles
Employees Behaving Badly: How Opportunism Differs Across Hierarchical Forms (And How to Handle It)
No full textNo abstract availabl
The division of unpaid work in the household: a stubborn pattern?
No full textIn this book we started out with the puzzle that the equality norm for housework tasks becomes increasingly shared among women and men, whereas the actual division of housework does not seem to move much in the direction of equality (unless the women also does less in the household). This study followed a theory of social rationality, which assumes that different logics are used in different social situations (Lindenberg, 2001). This social rationality approach is applied to couple relationships by making a distinction between large and small decisions in the couple relationship (Lindenberg, 2007). Examples of large decisions are decisions that affect resources and the relationship itself, such as where to live, how to arrange and share space in the house, whether and how much a partner works, big expenses such as buying a car or a house etc.; examples of small decisions are for instance who should take out the garbage, who should cook, who should do the dishes, who should clean the house, the kitchen, the bathroom, etc. The logics in these different situations are living up to the equality norm for the large decisions in the couple relationship and a combination of task-specific norms (Knijn, 1994; Van Wel and Knijn, 2006) and a mechanism of expectation states (Berger, 1974) for the small decisions in the couple relationship in which experience and stereotypical notions lead to expectations about who can fulfill the daily tasks better. The theoretical framework made it possible to generate interesting testable predictions. The conclusions point in a direction of a gender-reproductive process (Coltrane, 2000), where cumulative decisions about task assignment lead to a “cumulation good” (Lindenberg, 1986) and thereby to differences in dependence between women and men.
Survey Evidence on Conditional Norm Enforcement
Get PDFWe discuss survey evidence on individuals' willingness to sanction norm violations - such as evading taxes, drunk driving, fare dodging, or skiving o work - by expressing disapproval or social exclusion. Our data suggest that people condition their sanctioning behavior on their belief about the frequency of norm violations. The more commonly a norm violation is believed to occur, the lower the individuals' inclination to punish it. Based on an instrumental variable approach, we demonstrate that this pattern reflects a causal relationship.Norm Enforcement; Sanctioning; Social Norms; Survey Evidence
When Are Neighbourhoods Communities? Community in Dutch Neighbourhoods
Get PDFThis study investigates the degree to which community can be found in Dutch neighbourhoods and attempts to explain why there is more community in some neighbourhoods than in others. We apply a perspective on community which assumes that people create communities with the expectation to realize some important well-being goals. Conditions that account for the creation of a local community are specified, i.e. the opportunity, ease, and motivation to do so. These conditions are realized when (i) neighbourhoods have more meeting places; (ii) neighbours are, given their resources and interests, motivated to invest in local relationships; (iii) neighbours have few relations outside of the neighbourhood,
and (iv) neighbours are mutually interdependent. Data from the Survey of Social Networks of the Dutch on 1,007 respondents in 168 neighbourhoods are used. Results show that there is a sizeable amount of community in Dutch neighbourhoods and that all the four conditions contribute to the explanation, while interdependencies among neighbours have the strongest impact on the creation of community.
Solidarity in economic transactions : an experimental study of framing effects in bargaining and contracting
Get PDFTwo basic questions related to fundamental aspects of human behavior have been dealt with in the domain of bargaining and contracting: do solidarity relationships have an impact on individual gain-seeking behavior, and, if so, how does solidarity in these relationships affect the individual bargaining and contracting itself?
Solidarity theory (Lindenberg, 1988) has been used in the studies to address these basic questions in bargaining and contracting. Two main concepts of the theory address the effects that solidarity can have on individual decision-making. The first concept, solidarity, stresses that, in addition to the pursuit of private interests (pure gain-seeking behavior like in an opportunistic relationship), relational concern, i.e. conformation to solidarity norms, is an important feature in bargaining and contracting. The other concept, framing, stresses the differential effect of situational aspects on individual behavior depending on whether solidarity is the individual's frame like in a strong-solidarity relationship or just a limiting influence on gain-seeking like in a weak-solidarity relationship. The studies in this book show that identified relationships can produce solidarity behavior that systematically reduces individual gain-seeking behavior. This restrained gain-seeking depended on the individual's frame. Solidarity-framed sellers, i.e. in a strong-solidarity relationship, restrained their gain-seeking more and were less affected by gain aspects in the situation compared to gain-framed sellers, i.e. in a weak-solidarity and in an opportunistic relationship.
Besides explaining variations in restrained gain-seeking, solidarity theory makes explicit how it can contribute to the main thrust of the economic theory of contracting. The results suggest that from the individual perspective, regulation of transactions by means of weak-solidarity makes economic sense. This informal relationship resulted in the highest expected gain-prospects compared to the opportunistic and strong-solidarity relationships.
This result has important implications that have not yet received much attention in the economic theory of contracting. Can the person be tempted to breach the (implicit) agreement, how would the cost accounting ex post be performed, and how would one deal with drawbacks and windfall profit? The studies on the relational effects on aspects related to contracting suggest that the social embeddedness of transaction permeated much of the bargaining and contracting process. This finding shows that identified relationships like the strong-solidarity and the weak-solidarity relationships are an essential element for the solution of dependency problems in general.
The upshot of this study is that the beneficial effect of solidarity is not straightforward. According to solidarity theory and these experimental results, solidarity only has great beneficial economic effect when it affects a gain frame, not when it dominates the individual's actions as in a strong-solidarity relationship. Investing in weak solidarity as a governance structure for transactions under uncertainty does seem to make economic sense for the seller.
Survey Evidence on Conditional Norm Enforcement
Get PDFWe discuss survey evidence on individuals' willingness to sanction norm violations – such as evading taxes, drunk driving, fare dodging, or skiving off work – by expressing disapproval or social exclusion. Our data suggest that people condition their sanctioning behavior on their belief about the frequency of norm violations. The more commonly a norm violation is believed to occur, the lower the individuals' inclination to punish it. Based on an instrumental variable approach, we demonstrate that this pattern reflects a causal relationship.Norm Enforcement, Sanctioning, Social Norms, Survey Evidence
Survey Evidence on Conditional Norm Enforcement
Get PDFWe discuss survey evidence on individuals' willingness to sanction norm violations - such as evading taxes, drunk driving, fare dodging, or skiving o work - by expressing disapproval or social exclusion. Our data suggest that people condition their sanctioning behavior on their belief about the frequency of norm violations. The more commonly a norm violation is believed to occur, the lower the individuals' inclination to punish it. Based on an instrumental variable approach, we demonstrate that this pattern reflects a causal relationship
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