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Lutjanus alexandrei Moura & Lindeman, 2007, new species
No full textLutjanus alexandrei, new species (Figures 1-3; Tables 1, 2) Lutjanus apodus not of Walbaum, 1792. Jordan, 1891:330 (Bahia); Ribeiro, 1915 (not paginated); Jordan & Fessler, 1893:510 (Pernambuco); Gilbert, 1900:170; Starks, 1913:32; Fowler, 1941:160; Allen, 1985:56 (in part); Carvalho-Filho, 1994:138 (in part); Rocha et al., 1998:562; Rocha & Rosa, 2001:990; Moura & Menezes, 2003:82 (in part). Lutjanus griseus not of Linnaeus, 1758. Ribeiro, 1915 (not paginated, in part); Ribeiro, 1918 (not paginated, in part); Menezes & Figueiredo, 1980:22 (in part), Carvalho-Filho, 1994:135 (in part); Moura & Menezes, 2003:83 (in part). Holotype: MZUSP 65664 (153) Camurupim Reef, Tamandaré (8°49'S, 35°5'W), State of Pernambuco, Brazil, 05 m depth; collected by R.L. Moura, R.B. Francini-Filho & C.H. Flesh, 22 January 1999. Paratypes (21 specimens, 69-243): USNM 388233 (1, 161), Abrolhos Bank (17°57’08”S, 38°41’W), State of Bahia, Brazil, 20 m depth, collected by R.L. Moura & R.B. Francini-Filho, 1 April 2000.MZUSP 52721 (2, 227-243) Parcel dos Abrolhos (17°57’08 S”, 38°41’6”W), Abrolhos Bank, State of Bahia, Brazil, collected by R.L. Moura, R.B. Francini-Filho, C. Sazima & I. Sazima, 22 January 1998.MZUSP 84862 (1, 108), collected with the holotype.MZUSP 66066 (1, 131) Itaparica (12°52’S, 38°41’W), State of Bahia, Brazil, collected by A. Carvalho-Filho, October 1982.MZUSP 60838 (1, 150) Parcel das Paredes (17°53’54”S, 38°57’13”W), Abrolhos Bank, State of Bahia, Brazil, collected by R.L. Moura, C.E.L. Ferreira & R.B. Francini-Filho, 19 February 2000.MZUSP 66021 (3, 82-95) Salvador (12°56’S, 38°31’W), State of Bahia, Brazil, collected by V.G. Almeida, 21 July 1970.MZUSP 65939 (3, 71-89) same locality as MZUSP 66021, collected by C.E. Dawson, N.A. Menezes & V.G. Almeida.MZUSP 66020 (1, 82) same locality as MZUSP 66066, collected by N.A. Menezes & V.G. Almeida, 24 August 1972.MZUSP 66022 (5, 69-128), Lagoa Mundaú (09°37’S, 35°48'W), Maceió, State of Alagoas, Brazil, collected by CETESB, 1985.MZUSP 66026 (1, 79) Ponta de Pedras (8°3’S, 34°46’W) State of Pernambuco, Brazil, collected by P. Montouchet, 30 August 1970.MZUSP 51167 (1, 87), same data as MZUSP 66022.MZUSP 65062 (1, 91) Fortaleza (3°45'S38°20'W) State of Ceará, Brazil, 0.5m depth (tidepool), collected by R.L. Moura, R.B. Francini-Filho & C.H. Flesh, 26 March 2000. Diagnosis. Among western Atlantic snappers, Lutjanus alexandrei is similar to the gray snapper, Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus), and the schoolmaster, Lutjanus apodus (Walbaum), with which it shares the following characters: 14 soft dorsal-fin rays, 6 (5-7 in L. apodus) scales between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin, anchor-shaped vomerine tooth patch with a median posterior extension, upper canines much larger than lower canines. Lutjanus alexandrei differs from L. griseus by the presence of 6 pale vertical bars (sometimes faded) on the trunk (absent in L. griseus), a longer pectoral fin (length exceeding the distance from the snout to the posterior margin of preopercle), and the angularity of the dorsal scale rows below the soft dorsal fin (not markedly oblique as in L. griseus). Lutjanus alexandrei differs from L. apodus in having a red to pale-red body cast and reddish fins instead of a yellowish-pale body with yellow fins, and by having only six narrow pale vertical lines dorsally (sometimes faded) instead of eight wider pale bands as in L. apodus. The number of lateral-line scales, varying from 43 to 48, is also slightly higher than that of L. apodus (40-45), and more similar to that of L. griseus (43-47). Description. The general morphological features of Lutjanus are presented by Allen (1985) and Anderson (1987) for adults and by Lindeman et al. (2005) for larvae and juveniles, and are not repeated herein. Dorsal rays X, 14; anal rays III, 8; pectoral rays 16 (uppermost rudimentary and unbranched); pelvic rays I, 5; principal caudal rays 9+8; lateral line with 43-48 (45) pored or tubed scales forming a continuous sensory canal between the upper end of gill opening and the caudal-fin base, tubes in lateral line simple, unbranched; branchiostegal rays 7; gill rakers 17-19 (17) total, 5-6 (5) fully developed rakers on the upper limb and 6-9 (8) fully developed plus 3-5 (4) rudimentary rakers on the lower limb; gill membranes separate, free from isthmus; vertebrae 10+14. Body relatively deep, maximum depth 37.3-45.6% (40.3) of SL; snout pointed and long, 27.8-37.8% (33.9) of HL; mouth terminal, large and protractile, with one row of conical teeth in each jaw; a prominently enlarged pair of caniniform teeth on upper jaw, visible when mouth is closed, 3-5 (3) pairs of fanglike pointed conical teeth in lower jaw, vomerine tooth patch anchor-shaped, with a prominent median posterior extension. Morphometric and meristic data are summarized in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. Origin of dorsal fin slightly posterior to opercular margin; dorsal fin continuous, with only a slight notch between the spinous and soft portions. Caudal fin slightly emarginated; anal fin rounded; pectoral fin pointed and reaching the level of anus, length longer than the distance from tip of snout to posterior edge of preopercle, and 3.0-3.6 (3.5) times in SL. Nostrils small, posterior nostril elongate and at level of pupil, anterior nostril more rounded and located slightly below the level of the posterior one. Preopercle serrate, its lower margin with visible but weak notch and knob. Scales small, ctenoid, not extending dorsally on head above upper margin of orbit nor onto interorbital and internarial space; scales above lateral line (between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line) 6; transverse scale rows between upper edge of opercle and caudal base 37-47 (39); scale rows on cheek 6-7 (7); soft dorsal and anal fins scaled; dorsal scale rows parallel to the longitudinal body axis. Reddish body cast in life (Figure 2), becoming light brown dorsally and pale ventrally in preserved specimens (Figure 1). Body scales with more intense pigmentation on margins, paler in centers. Sides with six pale, thin, vertical lines dorsally. First band on the nape in front of the dorsal fin, fifth under the junction of spiny and soft portion of dorsal fin, and sixth bellow soft dorsal fin. These pale lines are still visible in some preserved specimens but, as observed by Starck (1970) for L. apodus, some specimens may lack these lines. Conspicuous spots (blue in life) are present on the cheek and preopercle, 7-10 of these typically present on snout and ventral portion of head, most below ventral margin of orbit and above superior margin of premaxilla. Median fins red, with more dense pigment on the margins, becoming pale brown in preserved specimens. Live individuals with thin blue distal margins on ventral, anal, and soft dorsal fins (Figure 2) that are not apparent in preserved specimens (Figure 1). Pupils black, iris reddish copper. In life, early juveniles less than approximately 5 cm typically have reddish or gray bodies and fins. Between 2-3 cm SL, specimens from shaded mangrove areas have dense melanophore rows on body, 6-8 pale vertical bands, and an oblique, black eye stripe (Figure 3). Distal portions of first dorsal and pelvic fins dark red. Caudal, soft dorsal, posterior elements of anal, and pectoral fins transparent. Two thin blue lines from maxilla to posterior margin of opercle. Short, oblique blue line from posterior orbit to opercular margin (Figure3). Specimens from unshaded rocky areas or tidepools can also exhibit pale yellow pigment dorsally and on the distal portions of the soft dorsal and caudal fins. Newly settled individuals from softbottom adjacent to mangroves lack red fin pigment, instead with melanophores concentrated distally on first dorsal, pelvic and anterior anal fins. Remaining fins transparent. Lateral bands on body, and blue and black lines on head begin development by 15 mm. Etymology. The specific name honors the pioneer Brazilian naturalist Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira (1756-1815), whose many years of field work in Brazil during the late 18th Century remain underrecognized due to the confiscation of his and others’ collections at Lisbon’s Museu da Ajuda in 1808 (Oliveira & Daly 2001). Ferreira collected many specimens that were ultimately described as new without any reference to his efforts. The common name Brazilian snapper is proposed for L. alexandrei. Distribution, ecology and behavior. The Brazilian snapper, L. alexandrei is only recorded from the tropical portion of the southwestern Atlantic continental shelf, and has a narrower latitudinal range than other Western Atlantic species of Lutjanus. It is known from the state of Maranhào (00°52’S) to the southern coast of the state of Bahia (18°0’S), Brazil, in areas under the influence of the west-flowing Equatorial Current (northern Brazil) and the south-flowing Brazil Current (northeastern Brazil). It is apparently absent from oceanic islands. Additional collections may show an even broader distributional range for this species, as was the case with 48 other poorly known reef-fish species in the southwestern Atlantic (Moura et al. 1999). Habitats of the Brazilian snapper include coral reefs, rocky shores, coastal lagoons with brackish water, mangroves and other shallow habitats with a mixture of soft- and hard-bottom. Recorded depths range from intertidal (early stages only) to at least 54 m (Feitoza et al. 2005 - identified as L. apodus). During the day, adults of L. alexandrei were observed on reefs as solitary individuals or in small groups showing restricted activity. Adults can co-occur with L. jocu (see figure on page 40 in MMA 2002, several L. alexandrei were misidentified as L. jocu). These mixed groups are often composed of large (> 20 cm), probably adult, individuals. Similar to several other Lutjanus species, this species appears to be active predominantly during crepuscular and nocturnal periods. Juveniles smaller than 10 cm SL can be common in mangroves and rocky tidepools, sometimes together with L. jocu juveniles, and may also occur in other shallow habitats. Based on available information, early juvenile stages of L. alexandrei are uncommon or rare in deeper, offshore reef habitats, as in many congeners (Lindeman et al. 1998, Lindeman & DeMaria 2005). Discussion The existing literature typically gives the southern distributional limits of L. griseus and L. apodus as southeastern Brazil and northeastern Brazil, respectively (e.g. Menezes & Figueiredo 1980, Uyeno et al. 1983, Allen 1985, Moura & Menezes 2003). All examined lots labeled as Lutjanus griseus and L. apodus in the two major marine fish collections in Brazil (MZUSP and MNRJ) are actually L. alexandrei. We have determined from photographs or voucher materials that all lutjanids commonly identified as L. griseus or L. apodus in field surveys also are L. alexandrei. The same result applies for reef and estuarine fishery catches. The presence of either species in Brazil is highly doubtful given their absence in Brazilian museum collections, field surveys, and fishery landings. In the southwestern Atlantic there are cases of Caribbean fishes restricted to offshore islands [e.g. Inermia vitatta (Inermiidae) and Haemulon chrysargyreum (Haemulidae)] (Moura & Sazima 2003) or occurring only along restricted portions of the coast [e.g. Chromis scotti (Pomacentridae)] (Moura et al. 1999, Rocha & Rosa 2001). With more surveys, small populations of L. griseus or L. apodus could be definitively recorded from offshore or mainland sites in Brazil. Clearly, the abundant and widespread L. alexandrei is not a product of current hybridization of L. griseus and L. apodus, which, if present in Brazil, must be highly uncommon. Other prominent reef species have also been erroneously recorded from Brazil, including Epinephelus striatus and Lachnolaimus maximus (Serranidae and Labridae) (Sadovy and Eklund 1999, Moura & Sazima 2003). Careful examination of a wide array of seemingly pan-western Atlantic reef species may result in additional changes to long-assumed southern distributions. Recent discoveries of new species belonging to major coastal fish families in Brazil (referenced in Introduction) suggest a considerable level of isolation between Caribbean and Brazilian populations of coastal fishes, especially those that associate with reefs. Genetic studies also indicate limited gene flow between these two zoogeographic areas, even within groups with a high potential for dispersion such as surgeonfishes (Rocha et al. 2002). Mechanisms of speciation and faunal enrichment in another group of coastal fishes (Scaridae) were recently studied in the Atlantic by Robertson et al (2006), based on mtDNA and nDNA sequences to assess the effects of two major geographic barriers (the>30 million year old Atlantic ocean and the ~11 million year old Amazon -Orinoco outflow). Fluctuations in sea level, climate, and ocean-current dynamics over the past ~10 million years likely produced marked variation in the effectiveness of the Amazon barrier, allowing intermittent dispersal leading to establishment and allopatric speciation. This dynamic Amazon barrier represents a major engine of West Atlantic faunal enrichment that has repeatedly facilitated bi-directional dispersal, allopatric speciation, and remixing of the Caribbean and Brazilian faunas (Moura & Sazima 2003, Rocha 2004, Robertson et al. 2006). Because of this considerable isolation, caution should be used when management decisions are based on populations from different sides of the Amazon-Orinoco barrier. Moreover, several of the recently discovered species are relatively abundant on coastal habitats such as reefs and mangroves, but were frequently misidentified(see Rocha & Rosa 1999, Moura et al. 2001). This amplifies the need for depositing voucher specimens from ecological and fishery studies in major collections, supports the call for collection building in developing countries, and stresses the need for additional analyses of the numerous systematic problems peculiar to tropical coastal ichthyofaunas.Published as part of Rodrigo L. Moura & Kenyon C. Lindeman, 2007, A new species of snapper (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from Brazil, with comments on the distribution of Lutjanus griseus and L. apodus., pp. 31-43 in Zootaxa 1422 on pages 33-3
Let your fingers do the walking: a unified approach for efficient short-, medium-, and long-distance travel in VR
No full textThe tradeoff between speed and precision is one of the challenging problems of travel interfaces. Sometimes users want to travel long distances (e.g., fly) and care less about precise movement, while other times they want to approach nearby objects in a more-precise way (e.g., walk), and care less about how quickly they move. Between these two extremes there are scenarios when both speed and precision become equally important. In real life, we often seamlessly combine these modes. However, most VR systems support a single travel metaphor, which may only be good for one range of travel, but not others.We present a new VR travel framework which supports three separate multi-touch travel techniques, one for each distance range, but that all use the same device. We use a unifying metaphor of the user's fingers becoming their legs for each of the techniques. We are investigating the usability and user acceptance of the fingers-as-legs metaphor, as well as the efficiency and naturalness of switching between the different travel modes. We conducted an experiment focusing on user performance using the three travel modes, and compared ow- multi -touch, gesture -based approach with a traditional Gamepad travel interface. The results suggest that participants using a Gamepad interface are more time efficient. However, the quality of completing the tasks with the two input devices was similar, while ForcePad user response was faster for switching between travel modes
An initial exploration of a multi-sensory design space: tactile support for walking in immersive virtual environments
No full textMulti-sensory feedback can potentially improve user experience and performance in virtual environments. As it is complicated to study the effect of multi-sensory feedback as a single factor, we created a design space with these diverse cues, categorizing them into an appropriate granularity based on their origin and use cases. To examine the effects of tactile cues during non-fatiguing walking in immersive virtual environments, we selected certain tactile cues from the design space, movement wind, directional wind and footstep vibration, and another cue, footstep sounds, and investigated their influence and interaction with each other in more detail. We developed a virtual reality system with non-fatiguing walking interaction and low-latency, multi-sensory feedback, and then used it to conduct two successive experiments measuring user experience and performance through a triangle-completion task. We noticed some effects due to the addition of footstep vibration on task performance, and saw significant improvement due to the added tactile cues in reported user experience
Characterization of developing porcine cortical bone: applications of mechanical and optical methods
Get PDFThis thesis focuses on the characterization of developing pig bone under the effects of age-related changes and nutritional disease using several methods of characterization. The main characterization techniques are as follows: reference point indentation (RPI), compression testing, quantitative backscattered electron (QBSE) imaging, and nanoscale dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA). The eventual goal of using this diverse set of characterization techniques is to understand and catalogue the changes that occur in bone due to biological factors. By understanding the various characteristics of bone, i.e. mineralization levels, property variations between quadrants, effects of disease, and microstructure variations, one can predict properties based on diagnostic knowledge.
The first study of this thesis is a partial review of the state of reference point indentation of bone. The origin of the device is explored, along with studies devoted to developing ideal operating conditions. Studies focusing on modeling RPI are also examined. Along with this literature review, an analysis of tip wear of the BioDent and Osteoprobe devices is presented.
The second study is a characterization of the mechanical effects on bone caused by induced colitis using three different measurement techniques. First, reference point indentation using the BioDent device was performed on femora and tibiae on both healthy and induced-colitis samples. Compression tests were completed on milled samples taken from cortical bones of left femora to determine modulus of elasticity and ultimate compressive strength. Finally, bone samples were dried and ashed to determine porosity and bulk mineral volume.
The next study is a demonstration of the quantitative backscattered electron imaging technique (QBEI). This technique is applied to characterize the effect of age in developing bones on the hydroxyapatite mineralization percentage. The sample preparation technique and data analysis procedure are demonstrated for a general desired compound.
The final study of this thesis is an investigation using nanoindentation of the viscoelastic properties of the outer layer of bone, known as the periosteal bone, compared to the inner, or endosteal, tissue. NanoDMA was used to capture hardness, complex modulus, and tan-delta data at a distribution of frequencies from 10-200 Hz. Determining the difference in properties between periosteal and endosteal bone is crucial in understanding measurements taken by reference point indentation devices.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2019-08-01The student, Cory Lindeman, accepted the attached license on 2017-07-18 at 12:22.The student, Cory Lindeman, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-07-18 at 12:27.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-07-18 at 16:41.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11503 on 2017-09-29 at 11:19:31Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T17:52:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
The management learning tool: Andragogy
Get PDFThe name andragogy was first used by a German grammar school teacher named Alexander Kapp in 1833 to portray the educational theory of the Greek philosopher Plato. He used it to refer to the normal process by which adults engage in continuing education. The first use of the term "andragogy" to catch the extensive attention of adult educators was in 1968, when Knowles, then a professor of adult education at Boston University, introduced the term (then spelled "andragogy") through a journal article. Andragogy is an educational theory that utilizes the adult’s life experiences to teach and aid in learning rather than using someone else’s experience in an attempt to teach. Since this is a way of teaching and learning, the principles lend andragogy to be accepted as a theory. Andragogy applies to any form of adult learning and has been used extensively in the design of organizational training programs (especially for "soft skill" domains such as management development). Andragogical methods are best when they can be applied are in community situation and industry/corporate situations that are supportive of a self-directed learner. Human Resource departments should also consider andragogical principals when designing their employee development programs, providing the organization whose management style is one that is represented by McGregor’s Theory Y. By placing a value on training and development, employees will be motivated to learn new skills to help them in their career development.Andragogy, Management learning tool
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Eldre og nyere norske fjeldmelodier. Samlede og bearbeidede for pianoforte af Ludvig M. Lindeman
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