158 research outputs found
Jews and gender in British literature 1815-1865.
No full textPhDThis thesis examines the variety of relationships between Jews and gender in early
to mid-nineteenth century British literature, focussing particularly on representations
of and by Jewish women. It reconstructs the social, political and literary context in
which writers produced images and narratives about Jews, and considers to what
extent stereotypes were reproduced, appropriated, or challenged. In particular it
examines the ways in which questions of gender were linked to ideas about religious
or racial difference in the Victorian period.
The study situates literary representations of Jews within the context of
contemporary debates about the participation of the Jews in the life of the modern
state. It also investigates the ways in which these political debates were gendered,
looking in particular at the relationship between the cultural construction of
femininity and English national identity.
It first considers Victorian culture's obsession with Rebecca, the Jewess created in
Walter Scott's influential novel Ivanhoe (1819). It examines Rebecca's refusal to
convert to Christianity in the context of Scott's discussion of racial separatism and
modern national unity.
Evangelical writers like Annie Webb, Amelia Bristow and Mrs Brendlah were
prolific literary producers, and preoccupied with converting Jewish women.
Particularly during the 18'40s and 1850s, evangelical writing provided an important
forum for the construction and consolidation of women's national identity.
Grace Aguilar's writing was an attempt to understand Jewish identity within the
terms of Victorian domestic ideology. In contrast, Celia and Marion Moss, in their
historical romances, offered narratives of female heroism and national liberation,
drawing on the contemporary debate about slavery.
Benjamin Disraeli's construction of a "tough version of Jewish identity was a
response both to the contemporary stereotype of the feminised Jew and to the debate
about Jewish emancipation. It also drew on the virile ideology of the Young England
movement of the 1840s
A comparative study of form and theology in the works of Flannery O'Connor and Simone Weil
No full textIn this comparative study of the form and theology of Flannery O'Connor and Simone Weil I interrogate how Weil's philosophical writings and her theology illuminate O'Connor's use of both narrative and non-fictional forms, and her Catholicism. The Introduction analyses how Weil's concept of superposed reading provides a new method of approaching both O'Connor, her writings, and O'Connor
studies, and focuses on how such apparently different women interconnect. Chapter One explores how both Weil and O'Connor attempt to write their theologies on the
souls of their readers yet are each subject to constraints imposed by form. Weil's concept of locating equilibrium between incommensurates is discussed, and her
distinctively philosophical approach to fictions and fictionality is used to investigate O'Connor's notion of prophetic fictions and the writer's role. Chapter Two assesses how both writers revivify Christian paradoxes. Weil's monstrous concept of affiiction, and O'Connor's use of the grotesque genre to jolt secular man into an
awareness of the sacred are scrutinised. Chapter Three studies how both writers consider an encounter between God and man is possible through the action of grace. My Conclusion interrogates how Weil's work can deepen our understanding of O'Connor's writings, and examines how successful O'Connor is at realising a truly
Christian literature. I conclude that despite being a writer of powerful fictions, O'Connor can not be totally successful in her mission as writer-prophet because
ultimately fiction escapes orthodoxy
Local government initiatives for brownfield redevelopment in northeastern Illinois
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The fallacy of equating "blindness" with fairness : ensuring trust in machine learning applications to consumer credit
No full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2019Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-82).Fifty years ago, the United States Congress coalesced around a vision for fair consumer credit: equally accessible by all consumers, and developed on accurate and relevant information, with controls for consumer privacy. In two foundational pieces of legislation, the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA), legislators described mechanisms by which these goals would be met, including, most notably, prohibiting certain information, such as a consumer's race, as the basis for credit decisions, under the assumption that being "blind" to this information would prevent wrongful discrimination. While the policy goals for fair credit are still valid today, the mechanisms designed to achieve them are no longer effective.The consumer credit industry is increasingly interested in using new data and machine learning modeling techniques to determine consumer creditworthiness, and with these technological advances come new risks not mitigated by existing mechanisms. This thesis evaluates how these "alternative" credit processes pose challenges to the mechanisms established in the FCRA and the ECOA and their vision for fairness. "Alternative" data and models facilitate inference or prediction of consumer information, which make them non-compliant. In particular, this thesis investigates the idea that "blindness" to certain attributes hinders consumer fairness more than it helps since it limits the ability to determine whether wrongful discrimination has occurred and to build better performing models for populations that have been historically underscored.This thesis concludes with four recommendations to modernize fairness mechanisms and ensure trust in the consumer credit system by: 1) expanding the definition of consumer report under the FCRA; 2) encouraging model explanations and transparency; 3) requiring self-testing using prohibited information; and 4) permitting the use of prohibited information to allow for more comprehensive models.This work was partially supported by the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab and the Hewlett Foundation through the MIT Internet Policy Research Initiative (IPRI)by Grace M. Abuhamad.S.M. in Technology and PolicyS.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Societ
ENDOTHELIAL VASODILATOR FUNCTION IN NORMAL WEIGHT ADULTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
No full textMetabolic Syndrome (MetS) typically presents with obesity; however, obesity is not a requisite characteristic for MetS classification and related vascular risk. We tested the hypothesis that MetS, independent of excess adiposity, is associated with impaired endothelial vasodilator dysfunction. Thirty-two sedentary, middle-aged adults were studied: 11 normal weight (9 M/2 F; BMI 24.0±0.3 kg/m2); 11 normal weight with MetS (9 M/2 F; 24.7±0.3 kg/m2); and 10 obese without MetS (8 M/2 F; 31.4±0.5 kg/m2). MetS was established according to NCEP ATP III criteria. Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were measured via strain-gauge plethysmography. FBF responses to acetylcholine were ~20% lower (PThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
'Entitled to a History': The World of Alice Tawhai's Short Stories and the Maori Literary Tradition
No full textNew Zealand short story writer Alice Tawhai is one of the latest additions to the Maori literary tradition. Her three collections of short stories, Festival of Miracles, Luminous and Dark Jelly, deal with issues not entirely unique to New Zealand – from gang life, to domestic violence, to drug and alcohol abuse – and take as their primary subject an alienated, marginalized and disenfranchised underclass. This means she is likely to be read as speaking solely for the Maori experience. This thesis will revise this misconception, which in effect ghettoizes or marginalizes Tawhai’s work.
Influential women writers of the Maori literary tradition, such as J. C. Sturm, Patricia Grace and Keri Hulme, have taken a particular interest in the long legacy of colonialism in New Zealand, especially of the impact of that legacy on Maori women. This thesis demonstrates that while Tawhai’s work engages with these familiar notions, her gaze is not limited to these issues. This thesis therefore places Tawhai’s work within that tradition and matrilineal genealogy before going on to show how she moves the paradigm beyond the usual grievances of biculturalism and colonialism, orienting her work instead around the increasingly multicultural experience of contemporary life in New Zealand.
The first section of this thesis will establish a platform for reading Tawhai in regards to her literary legacy and in the context of contemporary thinking, drawing on cultural theorist Stuart Hall and his theory on identity formation and identity politics as well as indigenous writings experts Patrick Evans and Chadwick Allen. This thesis will then move into its second section, which is an analysis of some of the overarching themes that can be found in the short stories of Tawhai’s literary foremothers, Sturm, Grace and Hulme. These include, for example, racism and discrimination, loss of ancestral lands, problems to do with urbanization and family violence.
The third and final section of this thesis will then consider Tawhai’s representation of contemporary experience, taking a particular interest in her portrayals of contemporary multicultural ethnic identities as well as the flexible and provisional nature of gendered and sexual identities today. The final subsection will then analyze her representations of the new family and social structures that may have replaced the traditional family model.
Through a close reading of her short stories and an appreciation of the legacy that she bears, this thesis will show how Tawhai’s work is a larger lens of contemporary New Zealand society as well as a significant addition to the Maori literary tradition
Some aspects of the Atlanta Urban League's campaign for a negro hospital, 1947-1952, 1977
No full textThe purpose of this research is to recount and analyze the role of the Atlanta Urban League in securing the Negro hospitalHughes Spalding Pavilion of the Grady Hospital Center. The campaign took place in the late 1940's when Atlanta was strictly segregated, and non-indigent Negroes had only small private hospital facilities with no place for training Negro physicians. The Hill-Burton Act provided the impetus for the cooperation of the League and the Fulton-DeKalb Hospital Authority in the struggle for the hospital. Mrs. Grace Towns Hamilton as Executive Secretary of the League, and Mr. Hughes Spalding as Chairman of the Authority combined their efforts and enlisted the support of local and national Negro and white leaders in this successful campaign for a Negro hospital. While employing the techniques of oral history and the historical method, the investigator interviewed several prominent Atlantans including doctors and other professionals to ascertain the lifestyle of Negroes in Atlanta in the 1940's as well as the plight of the Negro insofar as medical facilities were concerned. The bulk of the material on the Atlanta Urban League was found in the Grace Hamilton Collection at Atlanta University, although the minutes of the League proved to be an invaluable source and may be examined by permission at the Atlanta Urban League offices
Women's life writing 1760-1830 : spiritual selves, sexual characters, and revolutionary subjects
No full textPhDThis thesis uses print and manuscript sources to analyse and interpret women's life
writing at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries. I
explore printed works by Catharine Phillips, Mary Dudley, Priscilla Hannah Gurney,
Ann Freeman, Elizabeth Steele, Mary Robinson, Helen Maria Williams, Mary
Wollstonecraft, Grace Dalrymple Elliott, and Charlotte West and discuss the
manuscripts of Mary Fletcher, Mary Tooth, Sarah Ryan, and Elizabeth Fox. Of these
sources, five have never been analysed in the critical literature and six have received
little attention. Considered as a group, this large corpus of texts offers new insights
into the personal and political implications of different models of female selfhood and
social being.
In chapter one, I compare the religious identities presented in the spiritual
autobiographies of Quakers and Methodists. For these women, religious identification
provides a powerful sense of social belonging and enables public participation.
However, it may also lead to a loss of self in the demand for religious conformity and
self-abnegation. In chapter two, I consider the life writing of late eighteenth-century
courtesans. These women adapt available models of femininity and female authorship
in order to establish themselves as socially connected subjects. However, their
narratives also reveal that dependence on the sexual and literary marketplace puts
female selfhood under pressure. In chapter three, I explore the eyewitness accounts of
British women in the French Revolution. I argue that, for these writers, connecting
personal identity to political history is an enabling source of self-definition but it also
exposes them to the risks of self-fragmentation.
In my focus on the social function of women's life writing, I present an alternative to
the traditional alignment of the eighteenth-century autobiographical subject with the
autonomous self of individualism. These narratives allow us to reconsider the
productive and problematic dialectic between personal expression and representative
selfhood, self-authorship and collective narratives, and individualism and social
being. They suggest that women's life writing has the potential to be both the self-expression
of a unique heroine and the self-inscription of a politicised subject
Terrestrial water dynamics in the lower Ganges-estimates from ENVISAT and GRACE
No full textISI Document Delivery No.: 216XP Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 33 Cited References: Alsdorf DE, 2007, REV GEOPHYS, V45, P2 BAMBER JL, 1994, INT J REMOTE SENS, V15, P925 Birkett CM, 2002, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V107, DOI 10.1029/2001JD000609 Bonsor H.C., 2010, HYDROL EARTH SYST SC, V7, P4501, DOI DOI 10.5194/HESSD-7-4501-2010 Central Ground Water Board of India (CGWB), 2006, DYN GROUNDW RES IND, V370 Central Ground Water Board of India (CGWB), 1997, REP GROUND WAT RES E Chen JL, 2005, J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA, V110, DOI 10.1029/2004JB003536 Frappart F, 2008, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V113, DOI 10.1029/2007JD009438 Frappart F, 2005, REMOTE SENS ENVIRON, V99, P387, DOI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.08.016 Frappart F, 2006, GEOPHYS J INT, V167, P570, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03184.x Harvey KD, 2003, 84 GCOS Koster RD, 1999, REMOTE SENSING MAY P Kouraev AV, 2004, REMOTE SENS ENVIRON, V93, P238, DOI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.07.007 Kumar V, 2010, HYDROLOG SCI J, V55, P484, DOI 10.1080/02626667.2010.481373 Lee H, 2009, MAR GEOD, V32, P284, DOI 10.1080/01490410903094767 Maheu C, 2003, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V30, DOI 10.1029/2002GL016033 Ngo-Duc T, 2007, WATER RESOUR RES, V43, DOI 10.1029/2006WR004941 Papa F, 2007, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V112, DOI 10.1029/2007JD008451 Parua PK, 2010, WATER SCI TECHNOL LI, V64, P283, DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3103-7_15 Ramillien G, 2005, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V235, P283, DOI [10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.005, 10.1016/j.espl.2005.04.005] Rowlands DD, 2005, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V32, DOI 10.1029/2004GL021908 Schmidt R, 2006, GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE, V50, P112, DOI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.11.018 Seo KW, 2006, WATER RESOUR RES, V42, DOI 10.1029/2005WR004255 Singh RL, 1994, INDIA REGIONAL GEOGR, P183 Sinha R, 2005, GEOMORPHOLOGY, V70, P207, DOI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.02.006 SINHA R, 1994, SEDIMENTOLOGY, V41, P825, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1994.tb01426.x Tapley B, 2005, J GEODESY, V79, P467, DOI 10.1007/s00190-005-0480-z Tapley BD, 2004, SCIENCE, V305, P503, DOI 10.1126/science.1099192 Tiwari VM, 2009, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V36, DOI 10.1029/2009GL039401 Wahr J, 2004, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V31, DOI 10.1029/2004GL019779 Wehr T, 2001, ADV SPACE RES, V28, P83, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00297-6 Yeh PJF, 2006, WATER RESOUR RES, V42, DOI 10.1029/2006WR005374 Zakharova EA, 2006, CR GEOSCI, V338, P188, DOI 10.1016/j.crte.205.10.003 Khan, Haris Hasan Khan, Arina Ahmed, Shakeel Gennero, Marie-Claude Kien Do Minh Cazenave, Anny French Embassy in India The first author wishes to acknowledge the French Embassy in India for the financial support (Cellules Mixtes de Recheche PhD Fellowship) during the visit to LEGOS at Toulouse, France for the accomplishment of this work. 0 SPRINGER HEIDELBERG HEIDELBERG ARAB J GEOSCIIn this study, the hydrodynamics of lower Ganges basin in India has been monitored using radar altimetry data from environmental satellite (ENVISAT) mission and microgravity data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. River stage time series have been constructed for different virtual stations on the lower Ganges. Time series for the integrated water volume changes from microgravity measurements have also been constructed to characterize the seasonal and interannual fluctuation patterns in water storage and flux. The ENVISAT dataset indicates an average seasonal river stage fluctuation of 8 m in the lower Ganges River. The GRACE dataset reveals a seasonal fluctuation ranging from 0.18 to 0.40 m in the vertically integrated total water storage in the lower Ganges basin. The two independent datasets show broad similarity in the lower Ganges basin and outline the importance of space-based techniques for monitoring continental water resources
Intra‐ and inter‐rater agreement for the detection of band neutrophils and toxic change in horses
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