77 research outputs found
Critical Flow Calculations of Compressible Non-Ideal Fluids Based on an EOS
No full textThis thesis comprises the results of a graduation project which has been executed at the Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria, faculty of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Delft University of Technology (DUT). It is a part of a research project being carried out by Dr. L.Z. Boshkov and prof. J. de Swaan Arons; the project is financially sponsored by the Royal Dutch Shell Company. The aim of the research project is to present a systematic approach to the modelling and sizing of safety relief valves. Pressure or safety relief valves are routinely placed on chemical reactors and pressure vessels handling gases or liquids to protect the equipment against pressure build-up. Because the modelling still causes non-trivial tasks for chemical engineers, the research project was started to structurize the problems. In this work the results will be discussed with respect to t the critical flow of both one- and two-phase flow of non-ideal fluids through PRV 's at given stagnation states using an EOS. The results in this thesis are calculated for the non-ideal RK-fluid, however, the derived theories are presented as general as possible which makes extension to other EOS possible. The results in this thesis are calculated for the non-ideal RK-fluid, however, the derived theories are presented as general as possible which makes extension to other EOS possible. When concerning the one-phase flow calculations for the RK-fluid, one can conclude that the obtained results are equivalent to published results [Leung & Epstein, 1988]. In contrast to the latter published results, in this work an analytical maximization criterium is applied which provides more insight into the process equation which has to be used. Another important conclusion is that in this thesis the thermodynamic limits of one-phase critical flow are described and calculated. Both the spinodal and the saturation curve are indicated in the presented diagrams. The approach has been used to develop a new kind of phase diagrams: the critical flow phase diagrams (CFPD). This CFPD can be applied as an engineering tool in PRV design studies. With respect to the two-phase critical flow calculations, the well-known HEM have been worked out for non-ideal fluids using an EOS for the first time. Again an analytical maximization criterium has been applied to obtain the results. The results in this work are in a preliminary stage but one can conclude that they are in qualitatively correspondence with published data. On the face on it, the developed model can relatively easy be extended to critical flow processes which start in the one-phase region but have a maximum in mass flux in the two-phase region, and to processes concerning binary mixtures or even multi-component systems. When these extensions are succeeded, for the first time a general theory will have been derived that covers the entire range of initial vessel temperatures and pressures.Applied SciencesChemical Technology and Materials ScienceApplied Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibri
Raising The Decision-making Level To Improve The Enterprise-wide Production Flexibility
No full textWhen market demand significantly changes, as in the ongoing worldwide economic crisis, many production plants are forced to operate far from nominal conditions. In this case, the current plant-wide optimization of production sites is a myopic approach that could lead to plant inefficiencies and unconventional operation issues, thus, resulting in ineffective prevention of economic losses. A way to tackle low-demand conditions is to raise the decision-making process from the plant-wide (or business-wide) level to the enterprise-wide (or corporate) level by assigning a Boolean variable to each production site so as to manage their on/off status. By doing so, certain additional (social) constraints may become relevant. The case of operating industrial gases supply chains is considered. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.59515881598Ierapetritou, M.G., Wu, D., Vin, J., Sweeney, P., Chigirinskiy, M., Cost minimization in an energy-intensive plant using mathematical programming approaches (2002) Ind Eng Chem Res., 41 (21), pp. 5262-5277Glankwamdee, W., Linderoth, J., Shen, J., Connard, P., Hutton, J., Combining optimization and simulation for strategic and operational industrial gas production and distribution (2008) Comput Chem Eng., 32 (11), pp. 2536-2546Pinto, J.M., Joly, M., Moro, L.F.L., Planning and scheduling models for refinery operations (2000) Comput Chem Eng., 24 (9-10), pp. 2259-2276Moro, L.F.L., Zanin, A.C., Pinto, J.M., A planning model for refinery diesel production (1998) Comput Chem Eng., 22, pp. S1039-S1042Rogers, M.J., Gupta, A., Maranas, C.D., Real options based approaches to decision making under uncertainty. 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Ind Eng Chem Res., 36 (7), pp. 2691-2700Gupta, A., Maranas, C., A two-stage modeling arid solution framework for multisite midterm planning under demand uncertainty (2000) Ind Eng Chem Res., 39 (10), pp. 3799-3813Kallrath, J., Planning and scheduling in the process industry (2002) Or Spectrum., 24 (3), pp. 219-250Kallrath, J., Combined strategic and operational planning - an MILP success story in chemical industry (2002) Or Spectrum., 24 (3), pp. 315-341Moro, L.F.L., Pinto, J.M., Mixed-integer programming approach for short-term crude oil scheduling (2004) Ind Eng Chem Res., 43 (1), pp. 85-94Neiro, S.M.S., Pinto, J.M., A general modeling framework for the operational planning of petroleum supply chains (2004) Comput Chem Eng., 28 (6-7), pp. 871-896Neiro, S.M.S., Pinto, J.M., Multiperiod optimization for production planning of petroleum refineries (2005) Chem Eng Commun., 192 (1), pp. 62-88Van Landeghem, H., Vanmaele, H., Robust planning: a new paradigm for demand chain planning (2002) J Operat Manage., 20 (6), pp. 769-783Manenti, F., Considerations on nonlinear model predictive control techniques (2011) Comput Chem Eng., 35, pp. 2491-2509Rodriguez, M.A., Ignacio Laiglecia, J., Hoch, P.M., Soledad Diaz, M., (2010), 28, pp. 469-474. , Dynamic optimization of an intensive energetically integrated large-scale process. In: Pierucci SFBG, ed. 20th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. ;:-Manenti, F., Modelling long-term decisions to limit effects of market uncertainties (2009) Chem Eng Trans, 17, pp. 1323-1328Karwan, M.H., Keblis, M.F., Operations planning with real time pricing of a primary input (2007) Comput Operat Res., 34 (3), pp. 848-867Mitra, S., Grossmann, I.E., Pinto, J.M., Arora, N., Optimal production planning under time-sensitive electricity prices for continuous power-intensive processes (2012) Comput Chem Eng., 38, pp. 171-184Adjiman, C.S., Androulakis, I.P., Floudas, C.A., Global optimization of MINLP problems in process synthesis and design (1997) Comput Chem Eng, 21, pp. S445-S450Bonami, P., Biegler, L.T., Conna, A.R., Cornuejols, G., Grossmann, I.E., Laird, C.D., Lee, J., Wachter, A., An algorithmic framework for convex mixed integer nonlinear programs (2008) Discrete Optimiz., 5 (2), pp. 186-204Rodriguez, M., Diaz, M.S., Dynamic modelling and optimization of cryogenic systems (2007) Appl Therm Eng., 27, pp. 1182-1190Huang, R., Zavala, V.M., Biegler, L.T., Advanced step nonlinear model predictive control for air separation units (2009) J Process Control., 19 (4), pp. 678-685Biegler, L.T., Large-scale nonlinear programming: An integrating framework for enterprise-wide dynamic optimization (2007) Comput Aided Chem Eng, 24, pp. 575-582Biegler, L.T., Efficient nonlinear programming algorithms for chemical process control and operations (2009) IFIP Advan Inform Commun Technol, 312, pp. 21-35Adjiman, C.S., Androulakis, I.P., Floudas, C.A., Global optimization of mixed-integer nonlinear problems (2000) AIChE J., 46 (9), pp. 1769-1797Floudas, C.A., Akrotirianakis, I.G., Caratzoulas, S., Meyer, C.A., Kallrath, J., Global optimization in the 21st century: Advances and challenges (2005) Comput Chem Eng., 29 (6), pp. 1185-1202Floudas, C.A., Gounaris, C.E., A review of recent advances in global optimization (2009) J Global Optimiz., 45 (1), pp. 3-38Busch, J., Oldenburg, J., Santos, M., Cruse, A., Marquardt, W., Dynamic predictive scheduling of operational strategies for continuous processes using mixed-logic dynamic optimization (2007) Comput Chem Eng., 31, pp. 574-587D'Isanto, M., Manenti, F., Lima, N.M.N., Linan, L.Z., Corporate production planning for industrial gas supply chains under low-demand conditions (2011) Comput Aided Chem Eng, 29, pp. 965-969Rodriguez, M., Diaz, M.S., Dynamic modelling and optimisation of cryogenic systems (2007) Appl Therm Eng., 27 (7), pp. 1182-1190Floudas, C.A., (1995) Nonlinear and Mixed-Integer Optimization - Fundamentals and Applications, , New York, NY: Oxford University PressFloudas, C.A., Recent advances in global optimization for process synthesis, design and control: Enclosure of all solutions (1999) Comput Chem Eng, 23, pp. S963-S973Brooke, A., Kendrick, D., Meeraus, A., Raman, R., Rosenthal, R.E., (1998) GAMS - A User's Guide, , www.gams.com1998, Washington, DCGAMS Development CorpBrooke, A., Kendrick, D., Meeraus, A., Raman, R., Rosenthal, R.E., (2004) GAMS - Solver Manual, , www.gams.com2004, Washington, DC: GAMS Development CorpBuzzi-Ferraris, G., Manenti, F., (2010) Fundamentals and Linear Algebra for the Chemical Engineer: Solving Numerical Problems, , Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, GermanyBuzzi-Ferraris, G., Manenti, F., (2010) Interpolation and Regression Models for the Chemical Engineer: Solving Numerical Problems, , Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCHBuzzi-Ferraris, G., Linear programming with the attic method (2011) Ind Eng Chem Res., 50 (9), pp. 4858-4878Zhu, Y., Legg, S., Laird, C.D., Optimal operation of cryogenic air separation systems with demand uncertainty and contractual obligations (2011) Chem Eng Sci., 66 (5), pp. 953-963Zhu, Y., Legg, S., Laird, C.D., Optimal design of cryogenic air separation columns under uncertainty (2010) Comput Chem Eng., 34 (9), pp. 1377-1384Manenti, F., Buzzi-Ferraris, G., Dones, I., Preisig, H.A., Generalized class for nonlinear model predictive control based on BzzMath library (2009) Chem Eng Trans., 17, pp. 1209-121
The Application of Ion Exchange Membranes in Chloride Related Electrochemical Technology
No full textApplied Science
Attainment Of Kinetic Parameters And Model Validation For Nylon-6 Process
No full textThis work presents the simulation of the hydrolytic polymerization process of Nylon-6in a lab-scale semi-batch reactor, using e-caprolactam as monomer and acetic acid as monofunctional acid chain terminator. The kinetic scheme comprises 6 reactions: 3 main reactions, 2 side reactions associated with the cyclic dimer formation and one monofunctional acid termination. Operating conditions were obtained from previous definitions and kinetic parameters were estimated from experimental data. The proposed optimization problem to estimate the kinetic parameters was solved by the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). It was shown that both methods are able to determine the final solution with good precision. The validity of the model was confirmed by comparison of the results obtained by computer simulation using the software Aspen Polymer Plus® and the process real data. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.3314831488Mansoornejad, B., Mostoufi, N., Jalali-Farahani, F., A hybrid GA-SQP optimization technique for determination of kinetic parameters of hydrogenation reactions (2008) Computer and Chemical Engineering, 32, pp. 1447-1455Funai, F., Melo, D.N.C., Lima, N.M.N., Maciel Filho, R., Simulation and application of response surface methodology to a nylon-6 hydrolytic polymerization in a semibatch reactor (2013) Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 127, pp. 2910-2921Arai, Y., Tai, K., Teranishi, H., Tagawa, T., Kinetics of hydrolytic polymerization of e-caprolactam: 3. Formation of cyclic dimmer (1981) Polymer, 22 (2), pp. 273-277Gupta, S.K., Kumar, A., (1987), Reaction engineering of step-growth polymerization, Plenum Press, New York, U.SLima, N.M.N., Liñan, L.Z., Manenti, F., Maciel Filho, R., Embiruçu, M., Wolf Maciel, M.R., (2013), Novel two-steps optimal control of batch, polymerization reactors and application to PMMA, production for the fabrication of artificial bone tissue, Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 32, 163-168Melo, D.N.C., (2005), Estratégia de otimização em duas camadas: aplicação para processos de hidrogenação em reatores catalíticos trifásicos, Ph.D. Thesis, FEQ/Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, BrazilCarroll, D.L., (2001), www.cuaerospace.com/carroll/ga.html, Fortran GA - Genetic Algorithm Driver. Accessed on 20/07/2011Ramteke, M., Gupta, S.K., Kinetic Modeling and Reactor Simulation and Optimization of Industrially Important Polymerization Processes: a Perspective (2011) International journal of chemical reactor engineering, 9 (1), pp. 1-54Gupta, S.K., Garg, S., (2013), Multiobjective Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm, Advances in Chemical Engineering, 43, 205-24
Why Do Babies Cry: Once Again About Egoism and Altruism
No full textThe article deals with a ratio between egoistic and altruistic components in a person’s motivation and activity. The author provides new interpretations for the widely known examples of altruistic behavior. The results of experimental investigations discovering positive correlations, which exist between egoism and altruism in a person’s daily activity, are quoted. The author touches upon the problem of egoism as a new possible subject of psychology. The incorporation of egoism concept into the structure of modern humanitarian science opens new perspectives for theorizing and experimental investigation
A Macro-Micro-Symbolic Teaching to Promote Relational Understanding of Chemical Reactions
No full textThe purpose of this research is threefold: (1) to identify the difficulties that Grade 10 students in a Lebanese school have that hinder their conceptual understanding at the micro-macro-symbolic interface in chemistry, (2) to investigate the effect of a macro-micro-symbolic teaching approach on students' relational understanding of chemical reactions, and (3) to characterize students' conceptual profiles regarding their understanding of chemical reactions in terms of macro, micro, symbolic levels and the relations among them, at the end of the teaching sequence. Forty six 10th graders from two sections participated in the study. A student-centered approach was followed in both sections based on constructivist pedagogy. Hence the teacher played the role of a facilitator who guided students in a meaning making inductive learning process, through questioning, monitoring, validating, and clarifying ideas. Instruction in the experimental group was characterized by macro-micro-symbolic teaching that focuses on the interplay between the levels, integrates various representations, and engages students in an epistemic discourse about the nature of knowing in chemistry. Data sources for the study included a pre-test and two post-intervention tasks: a post-test and a concept map task, in addition to interviews with selected students from both sections. Findings indicated that macro-micro-symbolic teaching enhanced students' conceptual understanding and relational learning of chemical reactions. Besides, four assertions related to students' conceptual and epistemological thinking in response to the different teaching approaches are presented. Implications for instruction and for teacher education programs, as well as recommendations for further research, are discussed in light of these findings. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Ahtee M, 1998, INT J SCI EDUC, V20, P305, DOI 10.1080-0950069980200304; Andersson B. R., 1990, RELATING MACROSCOPIC, P12; Ben-Zvi R., 1990, RELATING MACROSCOPIC, P183; Bodner G. M., 2000, U CHEM ED, V4, P24; Brosnan T., 1990, RELATING MACROSCOPIC, P198; Brosnan T., 2001, RES SCI TECHNOLOGICA, V19, P69; Cakmakci G, 2006, INT J SCI EDUC, V28, P1795, DOI 10.1080-09500690600823490; Chi M., 1992, COGNITIVE MODELS SCI, P129; Chi MTH, 2005, J LEARN SCI, V14, P161, DOI 10.1207-s15327809jls1402_1; Cokelez A., 2007, INT J SCI ED, V30, P806; Dori J. Y., 2003, J RES SCI TEACH, V40, P278; Duit R., 2006, BIBLIO STCSE TEACHER; Gabel D., 1998, INT HDB SCI ED, P233; Georgiadou A., 2000, CHEM EDUC RES PRACT, V1, P217; Crespo MAG, 2004, INT J SCI EDUC, V26, P1325, DOI 10.1080-0950069042000205350; Hinton M. E., 1999, CHEM ED, V4, P158, DOI 10.1007-s00897990325a; Hofstein A., 2004, CHEM EDUC RES PRACT, V5, P301; Horton C, 2001, STUDENT PRECONCEPTIO; Johnson P, 2002, INT J SCI EDUC, V24, P1037, DOI 10.1080-09500690110095339; Johnstone A. H., 2000, CHEM EDUC RES PRACT, V1, P9; JOHNSTONE A. H., 1982, SCH SCI REV, V64, P377; Johnstone A. H., 1991, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, V7, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2729.1991.tb00230.x; Justi R., 2002, CHEM ED RES BASED PR, P47; Kind V, 2004, APPEARANCE STUDENTS; Kozma RB, 1997, J RES SCI TEACH, V34, P949, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1098-2736(199711)34:9949::AID-TEA73.0.CO;2-U; Laugier A., 2000, CHEM EDUC RES PRACT, V2, P57; Mulford R. D., 1996, INVENTORY MEASURING; NAKHLEH MB, 1992, J CHEM EDUC, V69, P191; Novak J. D., 1984, LEARNING LEARN; Paradis J., 2007, EXPLORATIONS CONCEPT; RuizPrimo MA, 1996, J RES SCI TEACH, V33, P569, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1098-2736(199608)33:6569::AID-TEA13.0.CO;2-M; Russell JW, 1997, J CHEM EDUC, V74, P330; Salloum S. L., 2000, THESIS AM U BEIRUT B; Sequeira M., 1990, RELATING MACROSCOPIC, P220; Stavridou H, 1998, INT J SCI EDUC, V20, P205, DOI 10.1080-0950069980200206; Taber K., 2002, CHEM MISCONCEPTIONS, V2; Taber K., 2002, CHEM MISCONCEPTIONS; Treagust DF, 2003, INT J SCI EDUC, V25, P1353, DOI 10.1080-0950069032000070306; Tsaparlis G. R., 2000, CHEM EDUC RES PRACT, V1, P161, DOI [10.1039-A9RP90017A, DOI 10.1039-A9RP90017A]38
The Many Faces of Design
Get PDFIn light of contemporary global pressures, designers have been considering how to apply their thinking and practice more broadly within the enterprise of sustainability. Given the often wicked nature and cross-scale dynamics of related challenges, there is reason to reassess the role of design in processes of systems transformation amidst complexity. In this manuscript, the author contemplates the diversity of ‘designerly ways’, in interpretation of designers’ encounters with complex adaptive systems. These interactions are classified here using the three lenses of adaptive response, creative agency and emergent engagement
Poem of Abu Bakr Qalandar Rumi “Qalandar-name” as a source of information on Sufi ritual music
No full textThis paper is devoted to analyze the text of Abu Bakr Qalandar Rumi’s poem “Qalandar-name” from the point of view of describing the Sufi ritual of listening to sama`. As it is known, Sufi zikr can be two types – “loud”, with singing, dancing movements and playing musical instruments, and “quiet” without any musical part.
Research materials: The statement of the author of the poem is of scholarly interest because the author welcomes both two types of zikr, as his Ushshaki group used singing, dancing and musical instruments. All these activities were used for the sole purpose of unity with the divine. The text of the poem is a source on Sufi rituals and their musical peculiarities in different tariqats. The poet also provides theoretical justifications for the permissibility of music in Sufi rituals, based on famous Sufi sheikhs of the earlier centuries.
Also the author of the poem displays a deep knowledge of the general Sufi Islamic culture of his time, often referring to poetic images of famous Sufi poets of different countries. The musical instruments presented in the poem give a deep insight into the fact that each group of dervishes may have had their own set of instruments and their own dances. A common genre for all Sufi groups in the world is the genre of munajat, which appears four times in the poem as a separate prayer chapter.
Results and novelty of the study: In this paper much attention is paid to the analysis of Sufi musical genres and instruments which were typical of that era. Also a number of the most favorite musical instruments are identified, which were widely used during the Sufi ritual of listening to sama`. The differences between the terms sama` (Sufi listening ritual) and the dance genre of Crimean Tatars “sema” and Tajik “samo” are explained separately. The musical instruments, such as arganun and organ, as well as musikar / musigar, which have different descriptions in historical and modern scientific literature, are also studied separately. The description of the organ in the context of the poem together with the image of the immortal bird Kuknus / Phoenix gives the readers the poem the image about two variants of the wind instrument – the Pan flute type and the keyboard type with mechas. Since we have not found a precise description of the organ and the arganun / musikar in the poem itself, this question remains open for future research. The poem “Kalandar-nameh” will no doubt be useful as a source on Sufi culture of different tariqats of the Middle Ages
Investigation of basic notions of positive psychology with an aid of Experience Sampling Method (ESM)
No full textThe article deals with two investigations of the main concepts of the contemporary positive psychology (eudaimonia, hedonism, the flow, happiness and unhappiness) with the help of ESM. The studies were built upon Person-Oriented Conception of Happiness (POCH) elaborated by the author. The results indicate that the flow can be accompanied by the rise of the other «components of happiness» belonging to other theories. The study of the situations, that were associated with «unhappiness», showed that most of them belong to maintenance activities of the individual
Quality Control Of Poly(methyl Methacrylate) To Medical Purpose By Multiple Headspace Extraction
No full textThe quality of polymers to be used for medical purposes is evaluated by the concentration of residual compounds in the polymeric matrix, especially by the amount of residual monomer. Residual components of the polymerization of monomer can cause allergies and biological complications (stomatitis, dermatitis, cheilitis, and irritability), also collateral effects for the patient which are evident from the first five years after implant placement and could remain for thirty years more. In dentures, for example, these components are dissolved by the saliva and are fixed to adjacent tissue causing allergic reactions, including burning. Multiple headspace extraction gas chromatography (MHS-GC) has been found to be an analytical technique particularly suitable for quantification of residual monomer in process samples with complex matrix, including solids. The major advantage of MHS-GC is that there is no need to pre-treat the sample prior to analysis. In this work, the methodology used to determine the residual monomer of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) in a polymer of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) is presented. The PMMA was produced in a controlled pilot plant scale laboratory, with rigorous experimental conditions to be used for medical purposes (artificial bone). The method includes the formulation of a calibration curve which was obtained by injecting different masses (0 - 30 mg) of a standard MMA solution in the Headspace sample vials and treated at ten extraction step in the HS-GC system. The results showed that through the present method it is possible to recover 98% of MMA from a solid matrix of PMMA. Copyright © 2013, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.3216991704Chai, X.S., Hou, Q.X., Schork, F.J., Determination of residual monomer in polymer latex by full evaporation headspace gas chromatography (2004) J. Chromatogr. A., 1040, pp. 163-167Kim, Y., Cho, S., Analysis of trace residual 1, 3-butadiene in poly(acrylonitrile-co- butadiene-costyrene) (2011) J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 17, pp. 394-396Christie, Y.K., Lung, B., Darvell, W., Methyl methacrylate in poly(methyl methacrylate)-validation of direct injection gas chromatography (2004) J. Chromatogr. A., 1061, pp. 93-98Haas, S.S., Brauer, G.M., Dickson, G., A characterization of polymethylmethacrylate boné cement (1975) J. Bone Joint Surg., 57 A (3), pp. 380-391Hasenwinkel, J.M., Lautenschlager, E.P., Wixson, R.L., Gilbert, J.L., Effect of initiation chemistry on the fracture toughness, fatigue strength, and residual monomer content of a novel high-viscosity, twosolution acrylic bone cement (2001) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 59, pp. 411-421Li, H.L., Zhan, H.Y., Fu, S.Y., Liu, M.R., Chai, X.S., Rapid determination of methanol in black liquors by full evaporation headspace gas chromatography (2007) J. Chromatogr. A., 1175, pp. 33-136Li, H.L., Chai, X.S., Deng, Y.L., Zhan, H.Y., Fu, S.Y., Rapid determination of ethanol in fermentation liquors by full evaporation headspace gas chromatography (2009) J. Chromatogr. A., 1216, pp. 169-172Lung, C.Y.K., Darvell, B.W., Minimization of the inevitable residual monomer in denture base acrylic (2005) Dent. Mater., 21, pp. 1119-1128Meier, U., (2009) Determination of Monomers in Polymers by Multiple Headspace Extraction-GC/MS, , http://shop.perkinelmer.com/Content/applicationnotes/ app_determinationmultiple.pdf, accessed 24.09.2012Mikai, M., Koike, M., Fujii, H., Quantitative analysis of allergenic ingredients in eluate extracted from used base resin (2006) J. Oral Rehabil., 33, pp. 216-220Morais, F.A.I., Mello, B.A., Souza, I.A., Ponzi, E.A.C., Revoredo, G.A., Polymers a base methylmethacrylate, Importance in dentistry (2007) Int. J. Dent., 6 (2), pp. 63-66Zhong, J., Chai, X., Qin, X., Fu, S., A full evaporation headspace gas chromatographic method for determination of monomer conversion in cellulose graft poly-methyl methacrylate (2011) Carbohyd. Polym., 86, pp. 367-37
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