1,720,979 research outputs found
Bone mineral density in adults in Taiwan: results of the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2005-2008 (NAHSIT 2005-2008).
No full text[[sponsorship]]生物醫學科學研究所[[note]]已出版;[SCI];有審查制度;具代表性[[note]]http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Drexel&SrcApp=hagerty_opac&KeyRecord=0964-7058&DestApp=JCR&RQ=IF_CAT_BOXPLOT[[note]]http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=RID&SrcApp=RID&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&KeyUT=00029237270001
The Roles of Minocycline, Rapamycin, and Everolimus in Kainic acid-induced Seizure
No full text微膠細胞(microglia)負責腦中神經發炎反應以抵抗外來物或腦部損傷，而神經發炎反應亦關乎某些神經退化疾病和腦部的傷害，例如癲癇即為其一。當腦部有所損傷，微膠細胞活化(microglia activation)會即時促進促發炎因子(pro-inflammatory factor)引起神經發炎反應。哺乳動物雷帕黴素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin)被證明與微膠細胞活化與後續的發炎反應有關；為了釐清神經發炎反應與癲癇發作之關係與生理機制，我們使用脂多醣(liposaccharide (LPS))引發的發炎模式，使BV2 microglia產生發炎反應。藉即時聚合酶鏈式反應(Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction)和西方墨點法(western blot)研究發炎相關物質：誘導型一氧化氮合酶(inducible NO synthase (iNOS))、mTOR、NLRP3發炎體與interleukin-1β(IL-1β)的mRNA和蛋白質的在發炎時期的表現變化。美諾四環素(minocycline)和其他兩種mTOR 抑制劑，分別為雷帕黴素(rapamycin)和依維莫司(everolimus)，這三種藥有潛力於減緩癲癇發作。在本研究中，LPS所導致iNOS 的mRNA提升與，此三種藥皆可減緩之，因iNOS的提升，細胞內NO升高，此三種藥也都有減緩之作用；此外，everolimus對於降低mTOR的mRNA效果最佳。然而以卡英酸(kainic acid (KA))作為刺激物，導致神經過度興奮而產生之毒性的模式，三種藥的作用效果類似。BV2細胞的蛋白質變化結果也顯示：KA加everolimus或rapamycin，以及LPS加everolimus或minocylcine皆可降低phospho-ERK表現，由此推論三種藥物可經由ERK細胞訊息傳遞路徑來影響發炎反應與神經興奮性毒性之影響，其中又以everolimus效果最佳。 在動物模式，我們使用〖B6.129P-Cx3cr1〗^tm1Litt/J品系之基因轉殖鼠，特色為其microglia在被活化時會發螢光，方便在癲癇發作和神經發炎反應時觀察microglia activation之變化。小鼠在25天大時被注射第一劑KA以導致癲癇，在31天(或38天)大時被注射第二劑，兩劑KA刺激間，每日給予everolimus，定義自注射到發作第三期癲癇行為反應(根據Racine scale分期之 stage Ⅲ seizure)之時間為潛伏期(latency)，在38天之癲癇發作潛伏期比第一次延長。推論everolimus藉由抑制神經發炎反應之相關物質，進而抑制microglia activation，因而推論出everolimus在藉由減緩神經發炎反應之路徑以對癲癇發作有影響之潛力。Microglia is responsible for neuroinflammation, which mediates neurodegenerative disorder and brain injury such as epilepsy. When there is brain injury, chronic microglia activation prompts pro-inflammatory factor to lead to neuroinflammatory response. Furthermore, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is related to microglia activation and subsequent neuroinflammation. In order to clarify the mechanism of neuroinflammation in seizure, in vitro, we use liposaccharide (LPS) model to induce neuroinflammation in BV2 cell line. By real-time PCR and western blotting methods, we can confirm the transcriptional and translational effect of LPS on the neuroinflammation indicators: mTOR, IL-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Minocycline, and two kinds of mTOR inhibitors, rapamycin as well as everolimus are potential to treat seizure. We find all of these three drugs are able to decrease iNOS mRNA level after LPS stimulation, and everolimus downregulates mTOR mRNA level. The three drugs decrease nitrite production after LPS stimulation. The application of kainic acid lead to similar results. Western blot results show that p-ERK is reduced by KA+everolimus, KA+rapamycin, LPS+everolimus, and LPS+minocycline. We suppose that the drugs affect inflammation and neurotoxicity through ERK pathway, and everolimus has better efficacy than rapamycin and minocycline. In vivo, we use 〖B6.129P-Cx3cr1〗^tm1Litt/J transgenic mice whose activated microglia show fluorescence to research the roles of neuroinflammation and microglial activation in seizure. We inject kainic acid (KA) twice to induce seizure on postnatal day 25 (P25) and P31(or P38). During the two KA stimulations, everolimus is applied to investigate its role in anti-inflammatory response. We assume these drugs can block microglia activation following KA injection. We suppose that drugs are able to block the activation of inflammation-related molecules to inhibit the microglia activation and neuroinflammation. Taken together, mTOR as the one of the target of anti-epileptic drug treatment may be a potential pharmacological approach to reduce neuroinflammation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
BONE MASS STATUS OF SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN IN TAIWAN ASSESSED BY QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND: THE NUTRITION AND HEALTH SURVEY IN TAIWAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN ( NAHSIT CHILDREN 2001-2002)
No full textBone health status in childhood and adolescence may be
important factors influencing the attainment of peak bone
mass. The Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan Elementary
School Children 2000-2001 was carried out to evaluate the
overall nutrition and health status of school children aged
between 6 and 13 years. The survey was conducted using a
multi-stage complex sampling scheme. Townships and city
districts in Taiwan were classified into 13 strata. Bone
mass measured as broadband ultrasound attenuation was taken
at heel by quantitative ultrasound bone densitometry. A
total of 1164 boys and 1016 girls who had complete physical
examination data with ultrasound bone scan were included in
the current analysis. There were no apparent differences in
BUA across all strata for both genders. In both boys and
girls, age, height, body weight, BMI, and intake frequencies
of vegetables and fruits/juices were significantly related
to BUA. Results of multivariate regression showed that age (
beta = 1.36, p = 0.0002) and body weight (beta = 0.40, p <
0. 0001) were significant predictors for BUA in boys,
whereas in girls body weight (beta = 0.47, p < 0.0001),
height, ( beta = 0.20, p=0.01), dietary phosphorus intake (
beta = -0. 002, p = 0.038), and frequency of fruit/juice
intake (beta = 0.15, p = 0.029) remained statistically
significant. The differential effects dietary intake
variables on BUA in boys and girls may be in part due to the
development of puberty. It would be necessary to include
levels of physical activity in future analyses for better
understanding factors influencing the development of peak
bone mass in Taiwanese children
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
