22,496 research outputs found

    The stem cell E3-ligase Lin-41 promotes liver cancer progression through inhibition of microRNA-mediated gene silencing

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    Lin-41 is a stem cell-specific E3 ligase and a known target of the tumour suppressor microRNA (miRNA) let-7. Lin-41 was recently reported to mediate ubiquitylation and degradation of the miRNA pathway protein Ago2. We demonstrate that Lin-41 is over-expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lin-41 over-expression correlates with high a-fetoprotein level, high tumour grade and high tumour stage and predicts early tumour recurrence. Lin-41 is a strong predictor of poor long-term survival for patients with HCC. Lin-41 knock-down by RNA interference in HCC cell lines Huh7 and Hep3B suppressed proliferation in vitro and reduced in vivo tumour growth in NOD/SCID mice. On the other hand, over-expression of Lin-41 in the HCC cell line SK-Hep1 enhanced tumourigenicity. Over-expression and knock-down of Lin-41 led to inverse changes in the levels of Ago1 and Ago2 proteins. Over-expression of Ago1 and Ago2 reduced in vivo tumour growth. Lin-41 over-expression suppressed let-7 activity in HCC cell lines and expression of Lin-41 enhanced the expression of let-7-regulated oncogenes c-Myc, Lin-28B, HMGA2 and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R). Expression of Lin-28B and c-Myc enhanced the expression of Lin-41. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays revealed direct association of c-Myc with the Lin-41 promoter, resulting in transcriptional transactivation. Our results indicate that Lin-41 plays an important role in the growth of HCC by regulating RISC complex proteins Ago1 and Ago2 to inhibit miRNA-mediated gene silencing and promote the expression of oncogenic proteins. Lin-41 is also a strong prognostic factor for patients with HCC. Copyright (C) 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

    Spiniphilus spinicornis Lin & Bi 2011

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    Spiniphilus spinicornis Lin & Bi, 2011 (Figs. 1 & 3) Spiniphilus spinicornis Lin & Bi, 2011: 55, figs. 1–2. Remarks. There is a mistake in Lin & Bi (2011). Fig. 9 a is dorsal view while Fig. 9 b is ventral view. Distribution. China: Yunnan. Material examined. Holotype (26.0 mm long), male, China, Yunnan Prov., Yingjiang (24 ° 46 ′N, 97 ° 58 ′E), 1700 m, 1980. IV. 15, leg. Ping Gao (IZAS, IOZ (E) 1859320). Paratypes: 1 female (37.0 mm long), same data as holotype but 1980. IV. 21, IOZ (E) 1859322; 2 males, Yunnan prov., Tengchong County, Longchuanjiang (24 ° 55 ′N, 98 ° 42 ′E), alt. 1050 m, 2006. V. 16, leg. Ping Zhao by light trap (IZAS, IOZ (E) 1859321 & CCCC). Additional material. 2 males, Yunnan, Tengchong County, Mt. Laifengshan (25.019 °N, 98.485 °E), alt. 1700 m, 2011. V. 6, leg. Wan-Gang Liu (IZAS, specimens in alcohol, with one male sent to Petr Švácha for molecular study).Published as part of Bi, Wenxuan & Lin, Meiying, 2015, Discovery of second new species of the genus Spiniphilus Lin & Bi, and female of Heterophilus scabricollis Pu with its biological notes (Coleoptera: Vesperidae: Philinae: Philini), pp. 575-583 in Zootaxa 3949 (4) on page 576, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3949.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/24151

    Jiao hui xin bao.

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    On vol. 10 A: With editor's presentation inscription on final page.Also available in photocopy by Hua wen shu chü, Taipei, 1968. in series of Chʻing mo min chʻu pao kʻan tsʻung pien chih 3.Superseded by Wan kuo kung pao, 1874-1907.Ed. by Young John Allen.Mode of access: Internet.Adrian A. Bennett. Research guide to the Chiao hui hsin pao (The church news)

    Scytinopogon Lin & Wang & Hsieh 2022

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    Key to Scytinopogon species (update from Furtado et al. 2021) 1. Hymenophore becoming more or less minutely papillate or hydnoid.................................................................................. S. scaber 1. Hymenophore smooth........................................................................................................................................................................2 2. Basidiomes light brown to reddish brown when fresh.......................................................................................................................3 2. Basidiomes pure white to pale yellow when fresh............................................................................................................................ 4 3. Basidiomes slender with flattened branches, context dry; context hyphae inflated to 6.0−23 µm diam........................... S. robustus 3. Basidiomes robust with cylindric to flattened and narrowly spathulate branches, context viscid; context hyphae 3.5–8 µm diam................................................................................................................................................................................................ S. foetidus 4. Basidiomes subfragile, reddish brown when dry; basal mycelium absent........................................................................................ 5 4. Basidiomes more robust, pale yellow when dry; basal mycelium present.........................................................................................6 5. Basidiospores subglobose; cystidial hairs on stipitipellis...................................................................................... S. caulocystidiatus 5. Basidiospores ellipsoid; no cystidial hairs on stipitipellis................................................................................................ S. dealbatus 6. Basal mycelium abundant and very compact crystals present, insoluble in KOH; basidiospores nodulose, finely verrucose..................................................................................................................................................................................................... S. pallescens 6. Basal mycelium scant and loosely attached, crystals absent; basidiospores truly echinulate........................................................... 7 7. 1−2-spored or 4-spored basidium................................................................................................................................... S. chartaceus 7. 4-spored basidium.................................................................................................................................................. S. cryptomerioidesPublished as part of Lin, Wan-Rou, Wang, Pi-Han & Hsieh, Sung-Yuan, 2022, Scytinopogon cryptomerioides (Hydnodontaceae), a new species from Taiwan, pp. 73-83 in Phytotaxa 552 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.552.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/667326

    Wan-Lin Tsai, violin, Tuesday, May 15, 2007

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    "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music
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