1,721,317 research outputs found
The Distance Between Two Points-- Lin Miao-yu Ink Painting Creations Treatise
No full text[[abstract]]The distance between two points—Lin Miao-Yu
Ink Painting Creations Treatise
Abstract
If the coordination of points shapes our perception of space, the movement from one point to another can be seen as the passing of time. As the distance between two points, “the one” can be used as a way to interpret the world. When “the one” is stretched between two points, it not only opens up the pursuit of truth but also traces back to the origin of reason. The space between two points reveals the continuation of a question, and the distance between them points to an answer. The distance becomes a cognitive process of viewing the world, while the “preservation of distance” between two points becomes an attitude of perception. The distance created by the focal length may separate the subject and object, but at the same time it brings the two even closer to each other. An adequate distance helps to create varying perspectives on our interpretation of the world.
We choose our way of viewing the world through distance, and “the preservation of distance” between two varying points is the central idea of this paper. Between the two points of the cognition of sense and that of sensibility, “the one” defines the line of thought within an Eastern framework of interpreting the world, whereas “intuition” makes up the essential awareness embraced by the Western mode of interpretation. Between the two points of Taipei and Yilan, “time” is a factor in the creative process, while “space” is a variable affected by conflicts in the surroundings. Between the two points of brush and ink, “one stroke” (Yi-hua) explores the creativity behind wash painting, while “oneness” (Hua-yi) is a state to be attained through life-long pursuit.
The distance that falls between two points…
may in reality become closeness.
Keywords: the one ,distance, intuition, brush and ink
Formation of Calcium Carbonate Deposition in the Cotyledons during the Germination of Justicia procumbens L. (Acanthaceae) Seeds
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
A study on the national imagination of Taiwan media: the cases of representation of mainland spouses' citizenship
No full text近年來，「大陸配偶在台灣」現象日趨普遍，由於兩岸的政治、歷史因素，大陸配偶的國族身分經常被政治人物、媒體標籤化，壓縮其公民權利的討論空間，使得他們在台灣社會的處境倍加困窘。本論文整理平面媒體(自由時報、中國時報、聯合報)的「大陸配偶公民權」相關報導，以van Dijk(1988)與Thompson(1990)的「論述分析」方法，研究台灣媒體如何再現大陸配偶公民權的議題，希望從中探討台灣媒體的國族想像，並尋找大陸配偶公民權討論的可能性。
本論文試圖回答的研究問題，分為四個層面。第一，大陸配偶街頭抗議報導中的公民權意涵與國族意識為何？第二，大陸配偶公民權議題中，媒體如何再現各方消息來源的言論？第三，大陸配偶的媒體形象有哪些？最後，則綜合前述研究問題，討論「國家安全」、「人權」、「公民權」以及「媒體的國族想像」的相關論述，並提出對於媒體報導的建議。
本論文所研究的新聞事件，包括「大陸配偶街頭抗議」、「兩岸條例修法」、「三階段面談制度」與「五百萬元財力門檻」等四個事件。在四個事件的媒體論述中，自由時報以「台灣優先論」為論述主軸，以台灣為絕對的認同目標，並傾向於把大陸配偶建構為「外國人」、「敵國人」與「本質低劣的他者」，認其存在一方面威脅了台灣的國安，另方面則傷害了台灣社會的政經、資源各層面的分配公平性。中國時報與聯合報則沒有提出具體的國族想像，並傾向「破國族主義」的人權觀點，較為強調「人權優先論」，這類媒體論述質疑「台灣民族主義」式的認同觀，並認為伸張大陸配偶權利的憑藉，來自於跨越國界的「普世人權」。
然而，在「三階段面談事件」的媒體論述中，「人權論述」是缺席的，三報都呼應台灣自我再現為「政治共同體」的政治想像，仍無可避免地在「民族國家」的框架下，來論述大陸配偶的機會與限制，相關討論卻無法聚焦在大陸配偶的公民權利上。
因此，本論文建議媒體對壓制移民發展機會的合法暴力保持警醒，而媒體在處理大陸配偶公民權議題時，也許可順應「民族國家─公民身分」的邏輯，讓大陸配偶回歸「婚姻移民」的身分，從大陸配偶公民身分(citizenship)談起，如此一來，「公民權論述」將有其著力點，有助於婚姻移民走出私領域、參與公領域，也能幫助台灣社會進行符合階級正義的資源重分配。第一章、研究背景與研究動機------------------------------1
第二章、問題意識與研究目的------------------------------5
第三章、文獻回顧----------------------------------------8
第一節、媒體與社會--------------------------------------8
第二節、論述與意識形態---------------------------------10
第三節、女性主義、性別政治與他者化---------------------13
第四節、國族認同與民族主義-----------------------------16
第五節、移民的身分認同與公民權-------------------------27
第六節、大陸配偶相關研究-------------------------------33
第四章、研究問題---------------------------------------37
第五章、研究方法---------------------------------------38
第一節、抽樣方式---------------------------------------38
第二節、樣本選擇與說明---------------------------------38
第三節、論述分析方法-----------------------------------40
第六章、媒體論述分析-----------------------------------46
第一節、「大陸配偶街頭抗議」事件-----------------------46
第二節、「兩岸人民關係條例修法」事件-------------------67
第三節、「大陸配偶來台資格鑑定」事件-------------------82
第七章、研究結論與限制--------------------------------100
第一節、研究發現--------------------------------------100
第二節、綜合討論--------------------------------------104
第三節、研究限制--------------------------------------107
參考書目----------------------------------------------10
Characterization of Autoinducer and Exopolysaccharide in Thermus spp. Biofilms
No full text先前研究指出嗜熱菌屬在自然溫泉環境下，並非自由存在於外界，而是以生物膜的型式，緊密附著在週遭的石頭或礦物鹽上，以求取生存。粗萃取生物膜多醣是經由將Thermus aquaticusYT-1此株菌塗在覆蓋有滅菌後的cellophane膜的Thermus固體培養基上，於60 ℃培養48小時後取得。粗萃取的外多醣可經由TSK HW-65F膠體進一步純化，可收集到4個分離的部分，分別稱為231-1、231-2、231-3與231-4，其分子量範圍分佈從10 kDa至500 kDa。藉由酸水解與衍生化反應後可將這四個分離的部分以氣相層析質譜儀與HPAEC-PAD系統測得單醣組成。結果顯示T. aquaticus YT-1株菌的生物膜含有大量的galactose與N-acetyl galactosamine，兩者比例約是1比1。同時也利用氣相層析質譜儀分析主要單醣鍵結確定在231-1樣品中含有：1,3-linked Gal、1,4-linked Gal、1,3-linked GalNAc；在231-2中有：1,4-linked Gal；231-3含有1,4-linked Gal；231-4則有1,4-linked Gal與1,3-linked GalNAc。然而真正確切結構還有待進一步研究探討。
在培養後的T. thermophilus HB-8液體培養基中發現含有促進生物膜生成的因子，即自誘導物。培養後的液體培養基先經過分子量為10 kDa的centricon濾過後，再經由TSK HW-50F的膠體過濾層析系統分離純化，初步可將之分為七個部分進行生物活性分析。結果顯示有兩個分子量較小的部分具有誘導NTU407菌株形成生物膜的能力，之後將會需要更進一步的純化與實驗，進而將分子的結構鑑定出來In previous studies, bacterial species of genus Thermus living in natural hot springs are firmly attached to rocks and sands by a complex structure called biofilm. The crude biofilm exopolysaccharides (EPS) are obtained from Thermus aquaticusYT-1 plated on sterile cellophane membrane on Thermus agar plate incubation at 60 ℃ for 48 h. The crude EPS passes through TSK HW-65 gel for progressive purification and four major fractions called 231-1, 231-2, 231-3 and 231-4 with molecular weight range from 10 kDa to 500 kDa are collected. After acidic hydrolysis and derivative, the monosaccharide compositions of these four fractions are analyzed by GC-MS and HPAEC-PAD system. The results indicated that the major components of T. aquaticus YT-1 biofilm are galactose and N-acetyl galactosamine with the molar ratio of 1：1. The main glycosidic linkages are also characterized by GC-MS, showing that there are 1,3-linked Gal, 1,4-linked Gal, 1,3-linked GalNAc in 231-1, 1,4-linked Gal in 231-2, 1,4-linked Gal in 231-3 and 1,4-linked Gal, 1,3-linked GalNAc in 231-4. However, the detail structure should be further investigated.
The cultural medium of T. thermophilus HB-8 can induce to form biofilm and show to contain the autoinducer. The cultural medium is incubated overnight and collected by filtering through 10 kDa centricon. Then the filtered cultural medium is subjected to TSK-50F gel filtration chromatography for fractionation. Seven fractions are collected for bioassay. Two fractions with the smaller MW possess bioactivities to promote NTU407 biofilm formation. More studies are under preparation to elucidate their detailed structures.中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
縮寫對照表 III
第一章、前言 1
一、嗜熱性細菌： 1
二、嗜熱菌的特性及其用途： 2
三、台灣的環境與嗜熱菌之研究： 3
四、生物膜 (BIOFILM) 的介紹： 4
五、嗜熱菌與生物膜： 5
六、生物膜的形成及微生物的組成： 6
七、數量感應系統 (QUORUM-SENSING SYSTEM)與生物膜： 7
八、研究目的： 8
第二章、材料與方法 10
壹、材料： 10
一、 菌種： 10
二、 藥品： 10
三、 儀器： 10
貳、方法： 11
研究一：嗜熱菌外多醣之分析 11
一、實驗流程表： 11
二、嗜熱菌之培養： 11
三、外多醣 (EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE, EPS) 之分離： 12
四、外多醣之純化： 12
五、酚-硫酸法檢測外多醣之含量： 12
六、外多醣醣酸含量檢測： 12
七、氣相層析質譜儀分析外多醣之單醣組成： 13
八、HPAEC-PAD分析外多醣之單醣組成： 13
九、氣相層析質譜儀分析單糖鍵結： 14
十、SMITH DEGRADATION： 15
十一、蛋白質含量檢測： 15
十二、蛋白質切除 (PROTEINASE K DIGESTION)： 16
十三、DIG KIT之醣蛋白檢測： 16
十四、PAS呈色法： 18
十五、銀染： 18
十六、1H-NMR： 18
研究二：自發誘導物之分離鑑定： 20
一、 實驗流程表： 20
二、 製備CONDITION MEDIUM： 20
三、 初步純化： 20
四、 生物膜誘導活性測試： 20
四、 二次純化： 21
第三章、結果 22
研究一：嗜熱菌外多醣之分析 22
一、 酚-硫酸法檢測外多醣之含量： 22
二、 外多醣之純化： 22
三、 外多醣醣酸含量檢測： 22
四、 氣相層析質譜儀分析外多醣之單醣組成： 22
五、 HPAEC-PAD分析外多醣之單醣組成： 22
六、 氣相層析質譜儀分析單糖鍵結： 23
七、 1H-NMR： 23
八、 外多糖粗萃取之蛋白質含量檢測： 24
九、 DIG KIT之醣蛋白檢測與PAS呈色、銀染： 24
研究二：自發誘導物之分離鑑定： 26
一、初步純化： 26
二、生物膜誘導活性測試： 26
第四章、討論與未來探討方向 27
第五章、參考文獻 29
圖表目錄
表一、目前已知之誘導物與生理影響 39
表二、論文中所使用之菌種 42
表三、外多醣組成成分與比例 42
表四、銀染溶液配方 43
圖一、目前已知HOMOSERINE LACTONE 之結構 44
圖二、氣相層析質譜儀分析單糖鍵結反應過程圖 45
圖三、酚-硫酸法檢測外多醣之含量 46
圖四、外多醣之純化 47
圖五、外多醣醣酸含量檢測 48
圖六、HPAEC-PAD分析外多醣之單醣組成 50
圖七、 1H-NMR OF 231-1，300K，400 MHZ 51
圖八、1H-NMR OF 231-2，300K，400 MHZ 52
圖九、1H-NMR OF 231-3, 300K，400 MHZ 53
圖十、1H-NMR OF 231-4，300K，400 MHZ 54
圖十一、1H-NMR OF 231-3，300K，600 MHZ 55
圖十二、1H-NMR OF 231-3，330K，600 MHZ 56
圖十三、2D-TOCSY OF 231-3，330K，600 MHZ 57
圖十四、HMQC OF 231-3，330K，600 MHZ 58
圖十五、HMBC OF 231-3，330K，600 MHZ 59
圖十七、PAS呈色法與銀染之比較 61
圖十八、自誘導物初步純化 62
圖十九、生物膜誘導活性測試 6
- …
