93 research outputs found
Numerically efficient modeling of CNT transistors with ballistic and non-ballistic effects for circuit simulation
No full textThis paper presents an efficient carbon nanotube (CNT) transistor modeling technique which is based on cubic spline approximation of the non-equilibrium mobile charge density. The approximation facilitates the solution of the selfconsistent voltage equation in a carbon nanotube so that calculation of the CNT drain-source current is accelerated by at least two orders of magnitude. A salient feature of the proposed technique is its ability to incorporate both ballistic and nonballistic transport effects without a significant computational cost. The proposed models have been extensively validated against reported CNT ballistic and non-ballistic transport theories and experimental results
Advancements in water footprints research for achieving sustainable development goals: an overview
No full textThe water footprint (WF) is a comprehensive metric that measures the total amount of water consumption involved in the production of goods and services. It encompasses both direct and indirect water use, including blue water from fresh surface and groundwater, green water from rainfall, and gray water associated with wastewater and runoff. By providing insights into the impact of their activities on freshwater resources, the WF helps businesses, policymakers, and consumers understand and manage water use more effectively. The WF can be calculated for products, consumers, businesses, and geographic regions, providing a detailed view of water usage across the entire supply chain. Understanding the WF is crucial for promoting sustainable development and responsible resource management. It raises awareness of consumption patterns and encourages the adoption of more sustainable practices. For businesses, the WF can identify opportunities for water conservation and efficiency, leading to cost savings and improved reputation. Governments can leverage WF data to develop policies that support sustainable water management and ecosystem protection. Additionally, consumers can use WF information to make informed choices, fostering a shift toward more sustainable consumption patterns. The WF has grown into an established idea for investigating water use and its local consequences in agricultural and industrial output. Leveraging on recent advances, the WF concept is poised to be a useful tool for achieving all 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). This chapter intends to illustrate the WF concept’s potential to guide decision-making in both the public and business domains, ultimately leading to better water management and the achievement of the SDGs
The etiology of esophageal cancer in high- and low- risk areas of Jiangsu province, China
No full text [Background]Esophageal cancer (EC) remains one of the most common and fatal malignancies worldwide. The geographic variation in EC occurrence is striking, and China is an area with one of the highest incidences of EC. A number of epidemiological studies have been conducted toward EC in the past decades, results suggested that tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, unhealthy dietary factors and chronic injuries of the esophageal mucosa are important in the development of this disease. Genetic polymorphisms in enzymes involved in metabolism of carcinogens may also influence individual susceptibility. However, the effects of major lifestyle and hereditary risk factors on the development of EC remain poorly understood in China. Moreover, little attention has been paid to the etiological heterogeneity between similar areas with great risk gradient. [Methods]From 2003 to 2007, a large population-based case-control study of EC has been conducted in a selected high-risk area and a selected low-risk area of Jiangsu Province, one of the highest cancer incidence areas in China. In total, 1,520 cases and 3,879 controls were recruited. In this thesis, we evaluated the role of major lifestyle factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and dietary factors, as well as inherited determinants including family history of cancer and genetic polymorphisms of alcohol-metabolizing related genes on the risk of EC. In addition, we investigated how much of the risk gradient between two areas could be explained by variation in the distributions of major risk factors. [Results] Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking moderately increased the risk of EC, while the positive associations were only found among men but not among women. Dietary factors were observed to play important roles in the development of EC. Specific dietary habits i.e., fast eating speed, and hot eating and/or drinking substantially elevated EC risk and could explain more than 20% of EC cases each. High intake of salty foods and fried foods, low consumption of raw garlic were also observed to increase the risk of EC. In addition to environmental and lifestyle factors, we confirmed that a positive family history can significantly increase EC risk, and found the inheritance may modify the effect of some unhealthy lifestyles. Moreover, we further explored the relationship between EC and single nucleotide polymorphismsof ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 genes. Results showed that the slow metabolizing ADH1B G allele, ADH1C G allele and ALDH2 A allele significantly increased EC risk among moderate-to-heavy alcohol drinkers, and a significant interaction was observed between ALDH2 gene and alcohol consumption. Lastly, we found that more than 60% of EC cases could be attributable to major lifestyle risk factors in the study population; furthermore, dissimilar distribution of several lifestyle factors, together with variations of hereditary factors may be largely responsible for the incidence difference between two study areas. [Conclusion]The findings in this thesis confirm that unhealthy lifestyles including smoking, alcohol drinking and some dietary factors are the predominant risk factors of EC in China, and a large proportion of incidence difference between regions at varying risk could be attributed to the different prevalence of lifestyle factors. As most of the identified risk factors are modifiable, these could be translated into risk reduction prevention programs in China, and a substantial proportion of new EC cases are expected to be prevented by eliminating or avoiding these risk factors in the population. </p
[[alternative]]The Management And Development of Musical Opera Team--take＂Dafeng Theatre Company＂ as an example
No full text[[abstract]] 音樂劇在台灣的蓬勃發展，一來是因為表演場所增加，二來拜音樂流行文化之賜，與音樂劇相關的文化商品熱賣，未演先轟動，其帶動音樂劇票房一票難求的風潮。近年來可說是台灣的音樂劇新紀元，正因為音樂劇的觀眾族群相當多元化，藝術經紀公司為了搶攻市場，引進了許多經典明名劇，例如國際級音樂劇「歌劇魅影」來台演出，演出檔期長達一個月，票房場場爆滿，而後「吉屋出租」、「鐘樓怪人」、「貓」、「媽媽咪亞」等陸陸續續抵台演出，積極的在台灣開發音樂劇市場。而這股音樂劇浪潮，對台灣本土劇團的生存勢必造成強烈的衝擊，面對這些國外團體的嚴重威脅。國內劇團紛紛跟進製作音樂劇，轉換劇團經營模式，目前國內製作音樂劇數量最多的表演團體則是以大風劇團為代表。在外來霸權競爭的環境裡，國內音樂劇團如何經營與發展，找出定位走出風格，以提高國內音樂劇的品質，成為可被觀眾接受的劇種，是國內音樂劇團努力的方向。本研究從西方音樂劇的起源與發展做簡要的論述，來比較分析國內音樂劇的來龍去脈，而後再將焦點放在音樂劇團在台灣之經營與發展，以『大風劇團』作為主要研究參考，試圖解決國內音樂劇團目前所面臨的種種困境及經營的盲點。 本論文主要分為五章，第一章緒論，說明論文的研究動機、目的、方法及研究範圍與限制、文獻回顧探討等，第二章西方音樂劇之發展概述，是淺談西方音樂劇的歷史與東西方的交流轉變，第三章談音樂劇在台灣的製演現況，第四章進入主要討論的案例，從大風劇團的組織管理談國內音樂劇的生態發展，最後一個章節則是針對國內音樂劇團的經營與發展給予研究結論與未來建議。[[abstract]] Musicals have been flourishingly developed in Taiwan mainly due to the increase of performing halls and the promotion of popular culture of music. Cultural products related to musicals often become bestsellers even before the presentation, making almost every musical a blockbuster. In recent years, the development of Taiwan’s musicals has entered a new epoch. As the audience for musicals is composed of people from all walks of life, art agency companies have introduced many classical musicals to expand their market share. For instance, the internationally renowned musical, “Phantom of the Opera”, was performed in Taiwan for one month, and every session was full. Later, many other famous musicals, such as “Rent”, “Notre Dame”, “The Cat”, and “Mamma Mia” were also brought into Taiwan one after another to proactively develop the market of musicals in Taiwan. However, this wave of musicals has caused serious impact on the survival of local performing groups. In face of the threat posed by these foreign groups, local performing groups have followed their step to produce musicals and transform their management models. Currently, Dafeng Musical Theater a representative local performing group that has produced most musicals in Taiwan. In the environment full of the hegemony of foreign cultures, how domestic musical performing groups manage and develop, position their style, enhance performance quality, and produce the type of performance widely accepted by audience will be the directions for local musical performing groups. In this study, the origin and development of western musicals were briefly introduced to compare and analyze the evolution of domestic musicals. Later, the focus was placed on the management and development of musical performing groups in Taiwan, using Dafeng Musical Theater as a case, in an attempt to solve the predicaments and blind spots in managements facing local musical performing groups. This paper was composed of five chapters. The first chapter elaborated the research motivation, objectives, method, scope, limitation, and literature review. The second chapter provided a brief introduction of western musicals, including the history of western musicals and the transformation in the exchange between western and eastern musicals. The third chapter probed into the current production and performance of musicals in Taiwan. The fourth chapter focused on the discussion of the performing group, Dafeng Musical Theater, covering from organizational management to the ecological development of domestic musicals. In the last chapter, based on the management and development of domestic musical performing groups, conclusions and suggestions were proposed
Design of automatic curtain controlled by wireless based on single chip 51 microcomputer
No full textEvaluation of water footprint under Dalbergia sissoo + Emblica offcinalis-based agroforestry model
No full text
Contrasting fine root-induced rhizosphere priming effects between coniferous and broadleaved trees
No full textNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaNatural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004731Chongqing Science and Technology Commission http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/50110000286
The relationship between inundation duration and Spartina alterniflora growth along the Jiangsu coast, China
No full textThe above-ground biomass of Spartina alterniflora salt marsh meadows is influenced by numerous interacting factors, among them elevation, tidal range and inundation duration. Bio-geomorphological models make use of either linear or quadratic equations, but it is important to be aware that the variables are area specific and hence not generic. In order to explore the vegetation growth pattern and its influencing factors along the Jiangsu coast, China, field surveys were conducted in two typical S. alterniflora marshes along the coast of Dafeng and Rudong. To combine the influence of elevation and the effect of tidal range, the inundation ratio (IR) is introduced as a novel parameter, which is the ratio between inundation duration and the duration of the whole tidal period concerned. The relationship between above-ground biomass and IR can be expressed by a quadratic equation. The optimal inundation ratio for S. alterniflora along the Jiangsu coast ranges from 0.21 to 0.26, which is much lower than, for example, that for the marsh of North Inlet (0.35), South Carolina, and the Virginia Coast Reserve(0.41), USA. Tidal range plays a significant role in that a larger tidal range leads to a smaller optimal IR, and that the landward and seaward limits are displaced toward higher ground elevations. In macrotidal regions the submergence depth is larger, which results in enhanced submergence and salinity stress for the entire marsh, causing it to shift toward higher elevations. Tidal range is an important factor influencing the growth pattern of S. alterniflora, but geomorphological factors such as topographic profiles, and the presence of cliffs and tidal creeks must also be taken into account.Coastal Engineerin
Association of smoking, alcohol drinking and dietary factors with esophageal cancer in high- and low-risk areas of Jiangsu Province, China
No full textTo study the main environmental and lifestyle factors that account for the regional differences in esophageal cancer (EC) risk in low- and high-risk areas of Jiangsu Province, China. Since 2003, a population-based casecontrol study has been conducted simultaneously in lowrisk (Ganyu County) and high-risk (Dafeng County) areas of Jiangsu Province, China. Using identical protocols and pre-tested standardized questionnaire, following written informed consent, eligible subjects were inquired about their detail information on potential determinants of EC, including demographic information, socio-economic status, living conditions, disease history, family cancer history, smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary habits, frequency, amount of food intake, etc. Conditional logistic regression with maximum likelihood estimation was used to obtain Odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confi dence interval (95% CI), after adjustment for potential confounders In the preliminary analysis of the ongoing study, we recruited 291 pairs of cases and controls in Dafeng and 240 pairs of cases and controls in Ganyu, respectively. In both low-risk and high-risk areas, EC was inversely associated with socio-economic status, such as level of education, past economic status and body mass index. However, this disease was more frequent among those who had a family history of cancer or encountered misfortune in the past 10 years. EC was also more frequent among smokers, alcohol drinkers and fast eaters. Furthermore, there was a geographic variation of the associations between smoking, alcohol drinking and EC risk despite the similar prevalence of these risk factors in both low-risk and high-risk areas. The dose-response relationship of smoking and smoking related variables, such as age of the fi rst smoking, duration and amount were apparent only in high-risk areas. On the contrary, a dose-response relationship on the effect of alcohol drinking on EC was observed only in low-risk area
- …
