1,720,956 research outputs found
Studying the role of capsid protein of Odontoglossum ringspot virus in virus systemic movement and identifying a novel CP- interacting tobacco protein, p26/proteinase inhibitor
No full text植物病毒Tobamovirus屬的鞘蛋白(capsid protein, CP)為此類病毒於植物中系統性移動之關鍵因數，而其分子機制如寄主蛋白之參與等皆尚未明瞭。前人研究顯示，齒舌蘭輪斑病毒(Odotoglossum ringspot virus, ORSV) 之鞘蛋白上麩胺酸 (E100) 之突變將會造成此病毒無法系統感染菸草Nicotiana benthamiana。為進一步瞭解E100於病毒系統感染所扮演之角色和參與的寄主因數及機制等，本研究將ORSV野生型感染性選殖株(pORSV-7)之E100突變成A100，並加入一限制酵素切位做為區分之標記，創造出突變株pORSV-7E100A。由感染力測試結果再次證實E100之突變將造成病毒無法在N. benthamiana上系統性移動。我們以生體外蛋白交互作用分析，穿透式電子顯微鏡觀察以及分子篩選層析法(size-exclusion chromatography)證實了E100A是經由影響鞘蛋白間交互作用，導致無法組裝成完整病毒顆粒，此為E100A突變株失去系統性移動的原因之一。而利用農桿菌表現蛋白間交互作用較佳的CPWT，以及蛋白間交互作用較差的CPE100A於植物中時，因CPWT干擾病毒脫鞘能力較佳而具有較好的交叉保護抗性。以ORSV CP專一性之免疫球蛋白G (IgG)將ORSV CP及與其具有交互作用之植物蛋白共沉澱(co-immunoprecipitation, co-IP)，並大規模以質譜分析，鑑定出一些可能和ORSV CP有交互作用，並且可能與病毒系統性移動相關之植物蛋白。其中一p26/proteinase inhibitor在蛋白電泳以及質譜分析結果中非常顯著地只和CPE100A緊密結合。顯示p26/proteinase inhibitor可能為ORSV所誘導之植物防禦機制相關蛋白，我們並預測其作用之原理。本研究為植物蛋白p26/proteinase inhibitor與ORSV CP結合並可能干擾病毒系統感染之首次報導，加上大規模鑑定出與CP有交互作用之植物蛋白，將有助於對病毒感染機制以及病毒與寄主間交互作用機制之瞭解，期望因此設計出嶄新的抗病策略。The capsid protein (CP) of tobamoviruses has been demonstrated to involve in virus systemic movement. However, the CP-mediated systemic movement mechanism is unclear. Our previous results indicated that E100 in the CP (CPE100) of Odotoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) plays an important role in virus long-distance movement in Nicotiana benthamiana plant. In order to study the effect of E100 on CP-mediated function, this amino acid was mutated to A100 in an ORSV infectious clone (pORSV-7) to create a mutant clone (pORSV-7E100A) with a distinguishable RFLP marker. The results indicated that ORSVE100A could be detected in the infected protoplasts and the inoculated leaves of N. benthamiana and Chenopodium quinoa but lost its systemic infectivity in N. benthamiana plant. The data of in vitro protein binding assay, observation through transmission electron microscopy and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) showed that the CP produced by pORSV-7E100A (CPE100A) might affect the CP-CP interaction and resulted in viral particle assembly deficiency in planta. Moreover, the differential CP-CP interaction ability between CPWT and CPE100A could explain the good protection to ORSV infection by transient-expressing the CPWT in N. benthamiana, whereas poor protection on the CPE100A-expressing plants. ORSV CP-specific IgG was used for immunoprecipitation of the CP to identify the CP-interacting proteins. Here, several putative host proteins were identified to interact with ORSV CP through mass spectrometry analysis. Among them, a defense-related p26/proteinase inhibitor of N. benthamiana was proved to be highly associated with CP by in vitro pull-down assay. This is the first report of plant p26/proteinase inhibitor interacting with ORSV CP and might interfere with virus systemic movement. The viral particle assembly and the ORSV CP-interacting host proteins will help us to understand the virus movement in plant and also the plant-virus interaction
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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