1,720,954 research outputs found
Requirement for a core 1 galactosyltransferase in the Drosophila nervous system:
No full textGlycosylation is important in a lot of fundamental biological processes, including cell recognition, cell adhesion, and cell signaling. Mucin-type O-glycosylation involves the synthesis of glycoproteins, expressed in mucous secretions and as transmembrane proteins on the cell surfaces. However, the biological functions of mucin-type O-glycans remain incompletely understood. I have pursued genetic and biochemical studies to understand their importance during development in Drosophila.
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by the attachment of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to Ser or Thr residues, and then elongated by additional sugars. To examine the requirements for mucin-type glycosylation in Drosophila, I characterized the expression and phenotypes of core 1 galactosyltransferases (core 1 GalTs), which elongate O-GalNAc by adding galactose in a β1, 3 linkage. Among Drosophila core 1 GalTs, CG9520 (C1GalTA) is expressed in the amnioserosa and central nervous system. A null mutation in C1GalTA is lethal. The mutant animals show a morphogenetic defect in their central nervous system in which the ventral nerve cord is greatly elongated and the brain hemispheres are distorted. Lectin staining and blotting experiments confirmed that C1GalTA is required for the synthesis of Gal-ß1,3-GalNAc in vivo. Our observations establish a role for mucin-type O-glycosylation during neural development in Drosophila.
Overexpression of C1GalTA causes a wing blistering phenotype, which occurs when adhesion between the two ventral and dorsal surfaces of the wing blade is lost, and is also commonly seen in integrin mutants. This result implicates mucin-type O-glycans in cell adhesion in the Drosophila wing blade.
Altogether, these results suggest a role of mucin-type O-glycosylation in Drosophila development, including the morphogenesis of central nervous system and the formation of the wing blade.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-94)by Yuh-Ru Li
A Study of Spiritual Needs and Spiritual Well-Being of Adolescents with Cancer
No full text本研究的目的是瞭解癌症青少年的靈性需求內涵與靈性安適情形。在台北市某醫學中心以立意取樣選擇13~18歲的癌症青少年。研究方法採用質性研究法，在門診和病房與個案建立關係後，運用低結構性的訪談指引，在安靜不受干擾的情境，包括門診空診間、病房或個案家中，與11位研究個案作訪談並錄音，每位個案的訪談時間介於35-90分鐘，平均約49分鐘，將訪談內容撰寫成描述性的資料，運用內容分析法將描述性資料作歸類、分析，共得1231個行為單元。
將行為單元作量化分析，在靈性需求內涵方面共有五類，分別是：支持的需求55.24％、盼望的需求30.79％、解釋的需求5.61％、意義的需求5.52％、信仰的需求2.84％。支持的需求方面又分為三類，分別是：家庭、社會與娛樂。盼望的需求方面又分為六類，分別是：健康舒適、順利完成發展任務、改善外在條件、推己及人、從事活動、冤親債主遠離。解釋的需求方面又分為五類，分別是：生活方式、還前世債、人生考驗、家族遺傳、命運巧合。意義的需求方面又分為六類，分別是：活得快樂、完成人生使命、活著就有意義、尚未尋到、照神旨意而活、生老病死。信仰的需求方面又分為四類，分別是：獲得安慰平安、心靈寄託、坦然面對目前的疾病與困難、不懼怕未來的痛苦或死亡。
將行為單元作量化分析，在靈性安適情形方面共有兩類，分別是：正向（安適）69.05％、負向（不安適）30.95％。正向方面又分為十二類，分別是：平靜、支持、希望、積極面對、喜悅、感激、信任、平安、珍惜、滿足、無懼、敬畏。負向方面又分為十八類，分別是：不悅、不滿足、痛苦、消極接受、擔憂、壓力、難過、無聊、埋怨、懼怕、孤單、憤怒、不信任、後悔、遺憾、震驚、矛盾、不解。
依據研究個案的性別分為男生組與女生組。男生組與女生組在靈性需求方面的分布差異不大，而靈性安適情形則是男生組正向的比率高於女生組。依據研究個案的年齡分為青少年前期組與青少年後期組。後期組對生命的意義與目的思考比前期組更多。靈性安適情形兩組正、負向比率差異不大。依據研究個案的疾病情形分為停藥組、治療組與復發組。靈性需求方面，復發組在盼望的需求、意義的需求、信仰的需求三方面的比率高於另外兩組；靈性安適情形方面，治療組正向的比率高於其他兩組。
本研究的結果，癌症青少年的靈性需求有五大類，可幫助臨床護理人員更了解癌症青少年之需求。相關因素方面，性別、年齡、治療階段等因素會影響研究個案的靈性需求內涵與靈性安適情形。The purpose of this research is to survey the spiritual needs and well-being of adolescents with cancer. The research was conducted in a medical center in Taipei. During the time of the research, there were 11 cases who fit the sample descriptions in the center, who were 13 to 18-year-old cancer patients. The researcher adopted descriptive qualitative approach in the interview. First the researcher made contact with patients in OPD or their ward. Then the interviews were conducted in a semi-structured interview form in quiet, undisturbed surroundings, such as a vacant clinical room, bed side, or patients’ homes. The interviews lasted from 35 to 90 minutes, 49 minutes on the average. Each interview was tape-recorded and then transcribed into narrative data. After analyzing the data with content analysis approach, the researcher came up with 1231 behavior units.
Using quantitative analysis, these behavior units were classified into 5 categories in terms of spiritual needs, which are need for support 55.24%, need for hope 30.79%, need for explanation 5.61%, need for meaning 5.52%, and the need for belief 2.84%. There are 3 types of need for support, which are family, society, and recreation. There are 6 types of need for hope, which are soundness of health, accomplishment of tasks, better looks, helping others, participating activities, clearing material and non-material debt. The need for explanation contains life style, debt of previous lives, life challenges, genetic facts, and fate. The need for meaning contains happiness, personal missions, aliveness, never found, God’s will, life events-birth, age, illness and death. And the need for belief contains comfort and peace, care for soul, facing disease and challenge, being free from fear of pain and death.
In terms of spiritual well-being, the behavior units are classified into 2 categories, which are positive (well) 69.05%, and negative (not well) 30.95%. The positive conditions include 12 types: calm, supported, hopeful, optimistic, joyful, grateful, trustful, peaceful, cherishing, content, fearless, and respectful. And the negative conditions include 18 types: upset, discontent, painful, passive, worried, stressful, sad, bored, complaining, scared, lonely, angry, distrusted, regretful, sorry, shocked, contradicted, and confused.
The result of the study shows that when divided in two groups according to gender, the male and female cases don’t have significant differences regarding spiritual needs. However, the male cases tend to be more positive than females in spiritual well-being. When divided into two age groups-the younger and the senior adolescents, the senior tend to think about meaning and purpose of life more than the younger ones. But the two age groups are about the same in spiritual well-being. When divided into three groups according to the treatment stage-the cases who have stopped medication, the cases under treatment, and the cases that have returned because of relapse of cancer, the returned cases obviously have higher need for hope, meaning, and belief than the other two groups. And the cases under treatment are more positive than the other two in terms of spiritual well-being.
The finding of this research may act as a reference of clinical nursing and related research. The factors that affect the spiritual need and well-being of adolescents with cancer include gender, age, and treatment stage.中文摘要--------------------------------------------------i
英文摘要------------------------------------------------iii
第一章 緒論---------------------------------------------1
第一節 研究動機------------------------------------------1
第二節 研究目的------------------------------------------2
第三節 研究問題------------------------------------------3
第四節 名詞界定------------------------------------------3
第二章 文獻探討-----------------------------------------6
第一節 兒童癌症------------------------------------------6
第二節 青少年的發展特性---------------------------------12
第三節 癌症對青少年的影響-------------------------------18
第四節 靈性需求-----------------------------------------19
第五節 相關研究-----------------------------------------24
第三章 研究方法----------------------------------------26
第一節 研究設計-----------------------------------------26
第二節 研究對象-----------------------------------------26
第三節 研究場所-----------------------------------------27
第四節 資料收集-----------------------------------------28
第五節 資料分析-----------------------------------------34
第六節 嚴謹度-------------------------------------------45
第七節 研究倫理考量-------------------------------------47
第四章 研究結果與分析----------------------------------48
第一節 研究個案之基本資料-------------------------------48
第二節 研究個案的靈性需求與靈性安適情形-----------------50
第三節 靈性需求與靈性安適相關因素之分布-----------------79
第五章 討論-------------------------------------------102
第一節 研究結果之討論---------------------------------102
第二節 本研究概念架構之形成---------------------------109
第三節 不同研究場所對研究之影響-----------------------111
第四節 研究結果與發展理論之比較-----------------------113
第五節 本研究與相關研究之比較-------------------------117
第六章 結論與建議-------------------------------------120
第一節 結論-------------------------------------------120
第二節 研究之限制-------------------------------------122
第三節 護理上之應用與建議-----------------------------124
參考資料 -----------------------------------------------128
附錄一 研究知會書與同意書-------------------------------135
附錄二 研究個案基本資料表-------------------------------136
附錄三 訪談指引專家效度名單-----------------------------137
附錄四 原始訪談指引及專家意見---------------------------138
附錄五 訪談指引內容-------------------------------------141
附錄六 分析範例 ----------------------------------------142
圖表目錄
圖目錄
圖3-1 資料收集流程圖-------------------------------------33
圖4-1 癌症青少年靈性需求內涵行為單元百分率分布圖---------53
圖4-2 癌症青少年靈性安適情形行為單元百分率分布圖---------53
圖4-3 癌症青少年於支持的需求方面靈性安適情形分布---------61
圖4-4 癌症青少年於盼望的需求方面靈性安適情形分布---------68
圖4-5癌症青少年於解釋的需求方面靈性安適情形分布----------71
圖4-6癌症青少年於意義的需求方面之靈性安適情形分布--------75
圖4-7癌症青少年於信仰的需求方面靈性安適情形分布----------78
圖4-8 男生組、女生組研究個案靈性需求內涵之比較-----------85
圖4-9 男生組、女生組研究個案於支持的需求之比較-----------85
圖4-10男生組、女生組研究個案於盼望的需求之比較-----------86
圖4-11男生組、女生組研究個案於解釋的需求之比較-----------86
圖4-12男生組、女生組研究個案於意義的需求之比較-----------87
圖4-13男生組、女生組研究個案於信仰的需求之比較-----------87
圖4-14男生組、女生組研究個案靈性安適情形之比較-----------89
圖4-15 青少年前期組、青少年後期組研究個案靈性需求內涵之比較-------------------------------------------------------91
圖4-16 青少年前期組、青少年後期組研究個案於支持的需求之比較-------------------------------------------------------91
圖4-17 青少年前期組、青少年後期組研究個案於盼望的需求之比較-------------------------------------------------------92
圖4-18 青少年前期組、青少年後期組研究個案於解釋的需求之比較-------------------------------------------------------92
圖4-19 青少年前期組、青少年後期組研究個案於意義的需求之比較-------------------------------------------------------93
圖4-20 青少年前期組、青少年後期組研究個案於信仰的需求之比較-------------------------------------------------------93
圖4-21 青少年前期組、青少年後期組靈性安適情形之比較------95
圖4-22 停藥組、治療組與復發組靈性需求內涵之比較----------97圖4-23 停藥組、治療組與復發組於支持的需求之比較----------97
圖4-24 停藥組、治療組與復發組於盼望的需求之比較----------98
圖4-25 停藥組、治療組與復發組於解釋的需求之比較----------98
圖4-26 停藥組、治療組與復發組於意義的需求之比較----------99
圖4-27 停藥組、治療組與復發組於信仰的需求之比較----------99
圖4-28 停藥組、治療組與復發組靈性安適情形之比較---------101
圖5-1 癌症青少年靈性需求與靈性安適情形之概念架構圖------110
表目錄
表3-1 癌症青少年靈性需求內涵之操作性定義-----------------37
表3-2 癌症青少年靈性安適情形之操作性定義-----------------42
表4-1 研究個案之基本資料---------------------------------49
表4-2 研究個案靈性需求與靈性安適情形行為單元總表---------51
表4-3 癌症青少年的靈性需求與靈性安適情形之行為單元數-----52
表4-4 癌症青少年的靈性安適情形之行為單元數---------------54
表4-5 癌症青少年於支持的需求方面靈性安適情形行為單元數---60
表4-6 癌症青少年於盼望的需求方面靈性安適情形行為單元數---67
表4-7 癌症青少年於解釋的需求方面靈性安適情形行為單元數---71
表4-8 癌症青少年於意義的需求方面靈性安適情形行為單元數---74
表4-9 癌症青少年於信仰的需求方面靈性安適情形行為單元數---77
表4-10 男生組、女生組研究個案靈性需求內涵之比較----------83
表4-11 男生組、女生組研究個案靈性安適情形之比較----------88
表4-12 青少年前期組、青少年後期組研究個案靈性需求內涵之比較-------------------------------------------------------89
表4-13 青少年前期組、青少年後期組研究個案靈性安適情形之比較-------------------------------------------------------94
表4-14 停藥組、治療組與復發組研究個案靈性需求內涵之比較--95
表4-15 停藥組、治療組與復發組研究個案靈性安適情形之比較-100
表5-1 不同訪談地點的訪談時間與詳為單元數之比較----------11
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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