1,720,972 research outputs found
Dynamic Evacuation Guidance Considering Hazards and Congestion
No full text在建築物內發生緊急事件時，緊急疏散指示系統是最關鍵的逃生設施之一，一個有效率的緊急疏散指示系統能夠提供逃生指示給行人，以縮短疏散至安全地區之時間並降低可能的傷亡，也能支援搜救人員在救災上的指引。逃生指示及行人疏散之相關研究眾多，但多著重於行人的移動行為以及如何規劃最佳的固定逃生指示，較少研究在疏散過程中，考慮外在環境因子(如災害)和內在環境因子(如壅塞)以重新更新逃生指示，更鮮少討論行人對於逃生指示的反應並將行人的反應當作回饋，因此實際逃生指示之規劃可能缺乏整體的考量而造成效率不佳。因此，本研究建立適用於凸多邊形隔間室內空間之回饋式動態逃生指示設計方法，主要工作包括以下三項，首先，計算考量壅塞與災害之動態逃生指示，再利用包含逃生指示遵從行為之行人模擬模式以真實預測壅塞，最後再透過回饋分析之方法，利用行人之壅塞更新動態指示。測試結果顯示本研究方法可考量災害因素、壅塞以及行人的反應回饋建立動態逃生指示，有效降低行人疏散時間以提昇建築物之安全性以及防災績效。The planning for pedestrian evacuation in buildings is important because these buildings are subject to different types of emergency events. In an emergency, pedestrians could rely on emergency guidance such as direction and exit signs for finding routes to exits. However, the safety of a route and its distance to an exit are not deterministic during the evacuation because the distributions of hazards and congestion progress over time. To provide more effective information to pedestrians in an emergency, this research proposes a feedback method to design a dynamic evacuation guidance system in buildings that simultaneously consider hazards and congestion caused by pedestrians. The design method applies to buildings with convex polygonal interior spaces and includes three key steps. First, a dynamic evacuation guidance is created based on the prediction of hazard and congestion. Second, given the evacuation guidance, a pedestrian simulation model with the compliance behaviors is utilized to predict the future congestion. Third, the dynamic evacuation guidance is updated according to and the predicted congestion. Finally, the proposed methodology is demonstrated with numerical examples and the results show that the method has potential to reduce evacuation time in emergency
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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