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N-terminal of FIP-fve is essential for its immune activity
No full text金針菇免疫調節蛋白 FIP-fve 萃取自金針菇子實體，文獻指出其具有免疫調節、抗癌、抗過敏及減緩發炎反應等功效。二級結構分析顯示，FIP-fve 透過兩個單元體 N 端 α-helix 以疏水性鍵結形成雙元體。本實驗室前人研究指出 FIP-fve 不需經過抗原呈獻細胞修飾，而是透過與 MHC 及 TCR 分子鍵結活化 T 細胞，因此推測FIP-fve 作用方式類似超抗原。本研究目的有二，一為證實雙元體結構對於 FIP-fve 的免疫調節活性是必要的，二為找出 FIP-fve 與 MHC 和 TCR 具交互作用之證據。為探討雙元體結構對 FIP-fve 免疫調節活性之影響，將 1-13 胺基酸缺失或全長 FIP-fve cDNA構築於 pET-32a(+) 載體，並透過大腸桿菌系統表現得分子量皆約 26 kDa 之 His-FIP-fve 1-114 和 His-FIP-fve 14-114 蛋白。以 enterokinase 切除 His-tag 後，經質譜比對確認成功取得 rFIP-fve 1-114 以及 rFIP-fve 14-114。免疫調節活性試驗方面，片段缺失 rFIP-fve 14-114 刺激小鼠脾臟細胞分泌 IFN-γ 能力較 rFIP-fve 1-114 弱，且無法刺激小鼠脾臟細胞 IFN-γ 及 IL-2 基因表現。綜合以上結果，推測失去雙元體結構造成 FIP-fve 免疫調節活性降低。在 FIP-fve 類超抗原性質探討上，透過共同免疫沉澱法可知 FIP-fve 與表面分子 MHC class II 具交互作用，另外發現 FIP-fve 可被 MHC class I 及其 Isotype IgG2a 抗體捕捉。然而，本研究尚未透過共同免疫沉澱法看見 FIP-fve 與 TCR 連結之證據，因此僅能證實 FIP-fve 能連結 APCs 表面分子 MHC class II。FIP-fve, an immunomodulatory protein isolated from Flammulina velutipes, has been demonstrated to have activities of immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-allergic and suppression of inflammation. Based on a secondary structure analysis, we known that two FIP-fve monomers form homodimer through the hydrophobic interaction between N-terminal α-helics. Previous studies suggested that FIP-fve can mediate T cells activation through the linkage between T cell receptors (TCR) on T cells and MHC molecules on antigen present cells (APCs) without processing procedure of APCs. This process is similar to the mechanism of superantigen-mediated immune response. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the necessity of dimer structure for FIP-fve immunomodulatory activity and to prove the directly binding of FIP-fve with MHC and TCR. To study the relationship between the dimer structure and immunomodulatory activity of FIP-fve, we constructed the full length 1-114 FIP-fve cDNA and truncated 14-114 FIP-fve cDNA on pET-32a(+) vector and expressed the His-fusion protein His-FIP-fve 1-114 and His-FIP-fve 14-114. After digested by enterokinase to remove the His-tag residue, rFIP-fve 1-114 and rFIP-fve 14-114 were purified with FPLC system. The ability of rFIP-fve 14-114 to stimulate IFN-γ production on murine splenocytes was lower than rFIP-fve 1-114. Incubating murine splenocytes with rFIP-fve 14-114 could not elevate the gene expression of IFN-γ and IL-2. According to the above results, we suggested that the dimerization might be critical for FIP-fve immunomodulatory activity. On the other hand, FIP-fve and RAW 264.7 cell lysate were co-immunoprecipitated to determine superatigen-like characterization of FIP-fve. Results indicated that FIP-fve could interact with MHC class II molecule directly. Interestingly, we also found that FIP-fve was pulled down by both anti-MHC class I antibody and IgG2a which was isotype of anti-MHC class I antibody. However, no co-immunoprecipitated evidence showed that FIP-fve bound with TCR in this study. In conclusion, we proved that FIP-fve directly bind with MHC class II molecule.口試委員會審定書 I
致謝 II
摘要 IV
Abstract V
目錄 VII
圖目錄 IX
縮寫表 X
第一章 前人研究 1
第一節 金針菇簡介 1
第二節 其他金針菇成分與功效介紹 2
第三節 金針菇免疫調節蛋白 FIP-fve 簡介 5
第四節 超抗原簡介 10
第二章 研究動機與目的 12
第三章 材料與方法 13
第一節 金針菇免疫調節蛋白 FIP-fve 純化 14
第二節 變性膠體電泳分析 (SDS-PAGE) 17
第三節 蛋白質濕式轉印 19
第四節 西方轉漬法 (western blotting) 20
第五節 重組蛋白 rFIP-fve 1-114 及truncated rFIP-fve 14-114 基因選殖與構築 21
第六節 重組蛋白 rFIP-fve 1-114 及truncated rFIP-fve 14-114 表現與純化 25
第七節 膠體內水解 (In gel digestion) 27
第八節 小鼠脾臟細胞取得 28
第九節 酵素連結免疫吸附分析 (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) 30
第十節 細胞總 RNA 抽取與反轉錄 31
第十一節 即時定量聚合酶鏈鎖反應 (Real-time PCR) 32
第十二節 巨噬細胞株 RAW 264.7 細胞培養 34
第十三節 共同免疫沉澱法 (Co-immunoprecipitation) 35
第十四節 統計分析 38
第四章 研究結果 39
第一節 重組蛋白 rFIP-fve 1-114 及 truncated rFIP-fve 14-114 選殖與純化 39
第二節 重組蛋白 rFIP-fve 1-114 及 truncated rFIP-fve 14-114 於小鼠脾臟細胞之免疫活性 42
第三節 以共同免疫沉澱法探討 FIP-fve 之類超抗原特性 43
第五章 討論 46
第一節 重組蛋白 rFIP-fve 1-114 及 truncated rFIP-fve 14-114 蛋白純化探討 46
第二節 片段缺失 truncated rFIP-fve 14-114 蛋白功能探討 47
第三節 FIP- fve 與表面分子親和性之探討 48
第六章 結論與未來展望 51
參考文獻 5
Automated Web to Gadget Transcoding System
No full text隨著資訊時代的洪流，網際網路已經廣為眾人所接受，而網頁服務更是成為現代人生活中不可缺少的工具。各大公司企業紛紛提供相關網頁服務，為人們帶來便利，人們只須要坐在電腦前連上網路就可以查尋天氣、查尋公車捷運路線、查尋字典、查尋電影時刻表、金融轉帳等等。越來越多的網頁服務供人們選擇；但也因網頁繁多，每次使用一項服務就需要連結到一個新的網頁，並且連帶了很多不必要的資訊、廣告，使得使用者在使用服務時需要使用多餘的時間和精力來找出自己要的資訊，完成他的目的。此，許多業者如Yahoo、Google等也紛紛提供一些「小工具」(以下簡稱Gadget)，如Yahoo Widget、Google Gadget等等，目的是要將人們所需要的服務萃取出其精華，然後以小視窗的方式呈現出來，幫助使用者節省時間、螢幕空間。但雖如此，每一個Gadget還是需要由程式設計師撰寫出來；以網頁服務來說，程式設計師需要先看過網頁原始碼，再由其中的超連結等資訊重新編寫出Gadget，而此步驟也是製作Gadget之過程中最耗費時間和人力的，況且對於一般沒有相關資訊背景的使用者來說，是個很高的門檻。了達成自動轉換小工具的目的，我們在Web Content Analysis和Web Page Partitioning這兩個領域中參考了一些相關研究，而本篇論文提出一些方法以及系統，此系統可透過Proxy、Web Server的方式，利用程式設計師在撰寫網頁和程式時的Control、View、Model分離的特性，將一般網頁自動轉換成Gadget給一般使用者使用，不需耗費太多人力，也不需要高深的網頁程式設計相關技術，即使一般沒有相關資訊背景的使用者也可以輕鬆操作此系統來產生出Gadget。Gadgets are more and more popular, especially the web gadgets, users could simply open the gadget platforms on internet. However, to make a gadget sometimes cost time on transforming a general website to a gadget. In this paper, we provide some mechanisms to help the transformation automatically, and simplify the steps on making new gadgets.efore transforming a website, we need to analysis the HTML documents of it; there are already some forerunners’ researches on “Web Content and Contextual Analysis”, we can consult these researches when we do analyzing.he architectures must be also considered, “Web Page Partitioning” is also a popular area. There are some researches on proxy server for mobile devices and web transcoding mechanism.e consider the relevant contents and page themes can be separated. When users send different inputs to a search engine, different result pages would be generated. By comparing these result pages, we can extract the relevant contents that users need, and make new gadgets with these contents.ur system is based on proxy architecture, and we experiment on some real search engines. Fortunately, the results are excellent and satisfying.中文摘要 1bstract 2hapter 1 Introduction 3hapter 2 Related Works 5hapter 3 System Guide 8.1 Make a New Widget Page 8.2 Generate the XML documents for widget platforms 10hapter 4 System Architecture 13.1 System Overview 13.2 Mode Dispatcher 14hapter 5 Extraction Mechanism 18.1 Mechanism Overview 18.2 XML Processing utilities 20.3 HTML Document Partitioning 22.4 Partitioning Algorithm 23.5 Advertisement Filters 30.5.1 Overview 30.5.2 Basic Definition of Action and Element 30.5.3 Three Types of Advertisement 31hapter 6 Experiments 34.1 Experimented Web Sites 34.2 Experiment Method 34.2.1 Statistics of differences 34.2.2 Verification 36hapter 7 Conclusions and Future Works 40.1 Conclusions 40.2 Future Works 40eferences 4
The words of color AKA (Red) in Japanese with polysemyhrough cognitive linguistics
No full text透過認知語言學觀察色彩語「赤」之多義構造研究妤珊要 過去色彩語的相關研究中，有以色彩語的語源、特定文學作家的作品中所使用的色彩語，及以屬於文化層面中色彩語的象徵意義為研究對象來進行的研究，也有從色彩語的型態、意義等角度來進行的分析。但這些先行研究，對於色彩語的多義之形成原因及延伸義的意義間之相互關係並沒有系統性的分析說明。因此本文以日語的色彩語「赤」所構成的複合語及單純語為分析對象，藉由認知語言學理論中的譬喻概念：隱喻、換喻、提喻，系統性地闡明日語色彩語「赤」的多義構造。 研究結果整理如下：、 日語中使用色彩語表現事物顏色時，常出現使用的色名和實際顏色有所差異的現象，日語的色彩語「赤」即是如此，且其此現象的言語表現是屬於比喻表現中換喻的一種。、 日語的色彩語「赤」之多義主要是由「赤」的原型意義「明亮的光」及「紅色」而來，基於時間上和特性上的鄰接性而形成的換喻，以及透過特性上的類似性形成的隱喻延伸而成。其中換喻的相關表現多於隱喻，主要是因為「紅色」對於人們而言是一目了然，且最容易理解的概念，遂容易成為在表達事物時的參照點，進而形成換喻表現。、 基於時間上的鄰接性形成的換喻表現，主要是用人體或是物件上所產生的紅色現象，來表示引起這樣結果的原因（情緒、身體相關狀態、事物、事物的狀態）。再者，基於特性上的鄰接性所形成的換喻表現，主要是利用事物的特性，也就是紅色，來代表事物所帶有的狀態及評價性。、 透過特性上的類似性形成的隱喻表現，多表事物的狀態，且其中多數帶有負面的評價性。目次辭 I文摘要 II文摘要 III文摘要 V次 VI目次 VIII目次 IX一章 序論 - 1 -．１ 研究動機と目的 - 1 -．２ 先行研究とその問題点 - 2 -．２．１ 伝統的な言語学の視点に基づいてなされた「赤」に関する研究 - 2 -．２．１．１ 頼の研究の問題点について - 2 -．２．２ 認知言語学の視点に基づいてなされた「赤」に関する研究 - 3 -．２．２．１ 坂本、古牧と蔡の研究の問題点について - 3 -．３ 研究対象と方法 - 4 -．３．１ 研究対象 - 4 -．３．２ 研究方法 - 5 -．４ 本論文の構成 - 6 -二章 先行研究 - 7 -．１ 「赤」に関する先行研究 - 7 -‧２ 認知言語学からのアプローチ - 8 -．２．１ メタファー - 8 -．２．２ メトニミー - 10 -．２．３ シネクドキ - 13 -．２．４ 参照点構造 - 14 -三章「赤」のプロトタイプ的な意味とシネクドキ表現 - 16 -．１「赤」のプロトタイプ的な意味 - 16 -．１．１辞典における「赤」の意味記述 - 16 -、１、２ 瀬戸が提出したプロトタイプ的な意味を認定する基準 - 17 -．１．３ 「赤」の語源に関する文献 - 19 -．１．４ まとめ - 20 -．２ 「赤」におけるシネクドキー表現 - 20 -．２．１ ずれがある色表現 - 20 -．２．２ シネクドキによる「赤」の意味拡張 - 21 -四章 複合語と派生語における「赤」の意味拡張 - 24 -．１「赤」と複合語における「赤」の意味拡張 - 24 -．１．１ 無着色のものを表す複合語における「赤」の意味拡張 - 25 -．１．１．１ メトニミーによる意味拡張 - 25 -．１．１．２ メタファーによる意味拡張 - 35 -．１．２ 人工着色されたものを表す複合語における「赤」の意味拡張 - 41 -．１．２．１ 赤色の色の効果 - 41 -．１．２．２ メトニミーによる意味拡張 - 42 -．１．２．３ メタファーによる意味拡張 - 46 -．１．２．４意味が拡張されていない「赤」によって構成される複合語の意味変化- 48 -．１．３ 複合語における「赤」の意味拡張のまとめ - 51 -．２「赤」の派生語における意味拡張 - 53 -．２．１ 辞典における「赤」の派生語の意味記述 - 53 -．２．２ メトニミーによる意味拡張 - 54 -．２．２．１ 時間のメトニミーによる意味拡張 - 54 -．２．２．２ 特性のメトニミーによる意味拡張 - 60 -．２．３ 派生語における「赤」の意味拡張のまとめ - 61 -五章 結論 - 63 -．１ 本論文のまとめ - 63 -．２ 今後の課題 - 67 -amp;#21442;考文献 - 68
Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Vegetable Wastes and Swine Manure
No full text本研究以豬糞與葉菜廢棄物進行中溫(37±1℃)厭氧共消化的實驗，探討生產甲烷氣的最佳操作條件及混合比例。研究分成兩部分的實驗，實驗一為豬糞消化後之沼液與葉菜廢棄物的共消化試驗，探討豬糞在不同水力停留時間(HRT分別為12天、10天及8天)的初次消化後，觀察其出流液(沼液)在補充適當碳源的條件下進行二次厭氧消化是否可以有效提升其產氣效率。初次消化進流豬糞的總固形物(Total solids, TS)調製在5%，二次消化的葉菜廢棄物TS則調製在4%，共消化試驗的混合碳氮比(C/N)皆調配為30:1。實驗二為豬糞與葉菜廢棄物的共消化，探討在HRT 5天的高有機負荷時，不同豬糞(SM)與葉菜廢棄物(VW)混合比例(SM:VW分別為1:0、4:1、3:1、2:1及1:1)的產氣效率以及葉菜廢棄物可添加的上限，實驗二所有進流基質包含豬糞及葉菜廢棄物的TS皆控制在5%的濃度。 實驗一的實驗結果顯示在進流中混入30%之葉菜廢棄物(即HRT 12天)時，可明顯相對提升有機物之去除率(COD 增加5.5%，TS 7.81%，VS 15.77%)及氣體產率(GPR增加0.26 L/L/day，MPR 0.12 L CH4/L/day)。實驗二結果顯示在HRT 5天，純以豬糞為進流基質 (SM:VW為1:0) 時有最好的產氣效率，GPR、MPR及甲烷比例分別為1.70 L/L/day、 1.06 L CH4/L/day及61.90%，COD、TS、VS的去除率則為16.27%、14.40%及12.14%。若添加葉菜廢棄物進行共消化，則以豬糞和葉菜廢棄物混合比4:1為最佳，GPR、MPR及甲烷比例分別為1.49 L/L/day、 0.77 L CH4/L/day及51.33%，COD、TS、VS的去除率則為16.95%、13.27%及11.73%。而本實驗進流之葉菜廢棄物佔比的極限為33%，即豬糞和葉菜混合比2:1，此時之甲烷產率仍有0.54 L CH4/L/day，COD去除率則為13.85%；超過此混合比時，會造成反應槽的抑制現象，不過在加入鹼(Sodium bicarbonate)調整進流及反應槽pH值後，可提高葉菜佔比最大至50%。綜合以上結果以及與其他共消化的研究比較，本研究在進流高濃度的固形物以及較高的有機負荷下，可成功地進行共消化，並達到極佳的產氣效果。In this study, the experiment of mesophilic (37±1℃) anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure (SM) and vegetable wastes (VW) was conducted to investigate the optimal operational condition and mixing ratio. The whole study includes two experiments. The first experiment was the co-digestion of digestate (the effluent of the primary digestion of swine manure) and vegetable wastes. This experiment was to evaluate if the gas production of digestate in the secondary digestion could be improved effectively after the supplement of proper carbon source under different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 8, 10 and 12 days. The influent of the primary digestion was 5% TS swine manure, while the vegetable wastes used in the secondary digestion was controlled at 4% TS. Also, the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) of feed mixture of co-digestion was prepared and controlled at around 30:1. The second experiment was the co-digestion of swine manure and vegetable wastes. This experiment was to evaluate the gas production and the limit of adding vegetable wastes at different mixing ratios of 1:0, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1 (SM:VW) under a relative high organic loading rate of 5-day HRT. The influent substrates including both swine manure and vegetable wastes were prepared at around 5% TS before mixing and feeding. The results of the first experiment showed that in test of adding 30% of vegetable wastes to the primary digestate as feeding mixture (12-day HRT) could improve the COD, TS and VS removal efficiencies of 5.5%, 7.81% and 15.77%, respectively, and also improve the gas production rate (GPR) and methane production rate (MPR) of 0.26 L/L/day and 0.12 L CH4/L/day, respectively. The results of the second experiment showed, at 5-day HRT, the test of using 100% swine manure (SM:VW is 1:0) had the best gas production performance with GPR, MPR and methane content of 1.70 L/L/day, 1.06 L CH4/L/day and 61.90%, respectively, and the COD, TS and VS removal efficiencies of 16.27%, 14.40% and 12.14%, respectively. In respect of adding vegetable wastes for co-digestion, the test of 4:1 (SM:VW) mixing ratio had the best gas production performance with GPR, MPR and methane content of 1.49 L/L/day, 0.77 L CH4/L/day and 51.33%, respectively, and the COD, TS and VS removal efficiencies of 16.95%, 13.27% and 11.73%, respectively. The results also showed to maintain the system working, the highest proportion of the vegetable wastes could be added was 33%, i.e. SM:VW of 2:1. The MPR of 0.54 L CH4/L/day and TS removal efficiency of 10.87% was observed during this testing period. Beyond this adding ratio of vegetable waste, imbalance of reactor would be occurred due to inhibition. To suppress the inhibition effect, addition of alkali (Sodium bicarbonate) to adjust the pH value of influent and reactor, the proportion of vegetable wastes could then lift up to 50%. In conclusion, the anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure and vegetable wastes with high solids concentration influent and organic loading rate was successfully proved, and a high gas production could be achieved in this study
Discussing ‘Tribal Embeddedness’ of Community Supported Agriculture
No full text本研究檢視當前台灣原住民部落中的社群支持型農業（community supported agriculture, CSA）發展，探討CSA鑲嵌於部落的可能意義；以Mark Granovetter（1985）的社會鑲嵌理論（social embeddedness theory）及CSA相關概念，結合台灣原住民部落發展相關文獻作為本文檢視部落CSA發展對原住民部落的部落鑲嵌意義之分析架構依據。本研究選擇五個部落CSA案例進行訪談及參與式觀察，訪問核心推動者和原住民參與者。 本研究認為當代以漢人推動者為主的部落CSA以部落經濟與社會發展為目標，其中CSA的社會鑲嵌意義以解決部落問題為主，鑲嵌的過程也強化了部落社會連帶關係網絡；然而如何有效的吸引部落青年回鄉仍為未解之題。文化鑲嵌的意義顯示部落CSA的運作嘗試與原住民的文化及生活結合，同時試圖強化部落族人的文化認同；但是尚未見傳統文化創新之處。自然鑲嵌的意義在於農法的使用與推廣，對部落生產者而言是一個「再教育」的過程，更重要的是能夠與傳統農耕知識對話，重新將農業生產行為鑲嵌回自然環境中。此外，本研究也發現部落CSA與原住民部落具有互惠的關係。 本研究也針對CSA部落推動者及漢人推動者進行比較與討論，發現漢人推動者多以解決部落問題，或是發展有機、自然農業為導向，然而部落推動者卻是以發展部落產業的角度出發。此外，在糧食主權議題的討論上，本研究認為，部落CSA種類多元的經濟作物對族人而言亦可作為糧食，在農場尚未穩定發展的情況下，確實有必要發展符合漢人消費者需求的經濟作物。 本研究貢獻在於提出部落CSA發展的部落鑲嵌性意義，增加學術上部落CSA與西方脈絡CSA對話的空間，並提供檢視現階段部落CSA發展的依據及未來發展部落CSA的參考基礎，了解部落CSA的契機與挑戰。The article is aimed to exam community supported agriculture (CSA) development in contemporary Taiwan indigenous tribes, preliminarily exploring the meaning of tribal embeddedness. The article adopts Mark Granovetter’s (1985) social embddedness theory and CSA related concepts, combining Taiwan indigenous tribal development related literature as the basic analysis framework to exam the meaning of tribal CSA development for indigenous tribes. We choose five tribal CSAs as examples, intervewing core propellents and indigenous producers. The article indicates that contemporary tribal CSAs try to target on both tribal economic development and social development. The implication of social embeddedness is tribal problems solving – oriented. The process of embedding also possesses the meaning of enhancing tribal social solidarity. However, it is still difficult to figure out effective ways to draw indigenous young people back to hometown.The implication of cultural embeddedness is trying to merge indigenous people’s culture and daily life, simultaneously enhancing indigenous people’s cultural identity. Yet, we seldom observe any traditional culture innovation. The implication of natural embeddedness is about adopting and promoting natural or organic farming. For indigenous producer, it is a process of reeducation. More important, it highlights an intimate relationship with traditional farming knowledge and reembeddeds agricultural production into natural environment. Besides, the article finds out that tribal CSA and indigenous tribe holds a reciprocal relationship with each other. The article also compares and discusses the differences between tribal and Han propellents of CSA. The article shows that Han propellents are tribal problems solving or organic farming developing– oriented. However, tribal propellents focus on developing tribal industries. More over, in the discussion of food sovereignty issue, the article assumes that to indigenous people, the diversity produce of tribal CSA is also considered as food. To ensure a stable development, it is essential to develop cash crops that match the needs of Hans consumers. The contribution of the article is to propose the meaning of tribal embeddedness in CSA development, encouraging the interaction and conversation of CSA between tribal and Western context. In addition, it provides the foundation to exam CSA development nowadays and in the future, realizing the challenges and chances of tribal CSA development
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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