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The Chien-Ming Wang Phenomenon:A Critical Metaphor Model Analysis of newspaper discourse in Taiwan
No full text王建民為史上第三位前往美國職業棒球大聯盟發展的台灣球員，自2006年以來擔任紐約洋基隊的投手，由於他傑出的表現和來自台灣的身分，使他被視為超級巨星和國家英雄，因而在台灣形成了特殊的「王建民現象｣。 本研究採用「批判隱喻模式分析｣ (CMM)，由概念隱喻理論和批判論述分析所結合的分析方法, 探討台灣的「王建民現象｣如何透過隱喻在台灣的報紙論述當中呈現。本文以王建民相關的隱喻及其引申的意涵為主，討論這些隱喻如何被使用，並且深入探討其背後所隱含的意識形態，進而分析「王建民現象｣在台灣的報紙論述中如此被呈現的原因。本文的資料收集來自台灣的主要三大報，包括自由時報，聯合報，以及蘋果日報。本研究假設「王建民現象｣在不同的報紙中，將會透過隱喻有不同的呈現，並且會有相似的呈現。資料分析的結果顯示，台灣的報紙論述當中和王建民相關聯的隱喻，總共可分為四個類型: (1) 相似隱喻相似意涵 (2)不同隱喻相似意涵 (3) 相似隱喻不同意涵 (4) 不同隱喻不同意涵 。 本文認為各報所持有「不同層次的意識形態｣是導致所採用的隱喻其相似或不同意涵的主要原因。當報導的角度從台灣內部出發，討論國家認同和政治相關的議題時，各報傾向採用和王建民相關的隱喻，以不同的引申意涵，強化各自主張的意識形態; 然而，當報紙的焦點超越台灣本身，從國際的角度出發，關注王建民在美國的狀況表現及王建民如何引起國際注意的議題時，各報相關隱喻的意涵就較傾向相似和一致。 本研究主張報紙的意識形態和屬性特色，棒球域的重要性，以及政治和棒球的「雙向關係｣，均是導致「王建民現象｣在台灣報紙論述中如此被呈現的主要原因。Chien-Ming Wang (Wang), being the third Major League Baseball player from Taiwan, has been the pitcher for the New York Yankees since 2006. Due to his identification with Taiwan and his outstanding performance, Wang has been viewed as the super star and national hero in Taiwan, creating the “Chien-Ming Wang phenomenon”. By using the Critical Metaphor Model (CMM), the approach incorporates Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Critical Discourse Analysis, this study examines how the “Chien-Ming Wang Phenomenon” in Taiwan is represented through metaphors in newspaper discourse. Our analysis focuses on the entailments and implications of the metaphors concerning Wang in different newspapers in Taiwan. Moreover, I explore the ideology reflected through the use of metaphors concerning Wang and analyze the factors account for the representations of the “Chien-Ming Wang Phenomenon” in different newspapers in Taiwan. The data is collected from three major Mandarin-language newspapers with distinct political stances in Taiwan, which are the Liberty Times (LT), the United Daily News (UDN), and the Apple Daily (AD). This study hypothesizes that “the Chien-Ming Wang phenomenon” will be represented through metaphors not only differently but also similarly in different newspapers depending on different aspects of ideologies. The results show that there are four kinds of representations of metaphors concerning Wang, which include (1) similar metaphors with similar implication, (2) different metaphors with similar implication, (3) similar metaphors with different implications, and (4) different metaphors with different implications. Based on the four categories, this study demonstrates that the “Chien-Ming Wang phenomenon” is represented through metaphors with both “similar” and “different” implications in newspaper discourse in Taiwan. his study suggests that different aspects of ideologies held by the newspapers are considered one of the most important factors contributed to the similar or different implications. When the focus is on the national identity or political agendas from the perspective within Taiwan itself, metaphors concerning Wang are represented with different implications to implicitly strengthen the political ideologies held by the newspapers; while the focus is on Wang’s condition or how Wang attracts the international attention viewing from the perspective beyond Taiwan, the implications of the metaphors are much more similar in different newspapers. This study proposes that ideologies and the characteristics of the newspapers, the influential power of baseball domain, and the bi-directional relationship between political and sports in Taiwan, all account for the representations of the “Chien-Ming Wang phenomenon” in newspaper discourse in Taiwan.TABLE OF CONTENTS CKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………....iHINESE ABSTRACT ………………………………………………...iiiNGLISH ABSTRACT………………………………………………….vABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………….viiIGURES………………………………………………………………..ixABLES ………………………………………………………………...ixHAPTERSHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.………..……………………………..1.0 Overview…………………………………………………………………………..1.1 Background Information…………………………………………………………..4.1.1 The Chien-Ming Wang Phenomenon……………………………………………4.1.2 The baseball history in Taiwan…………………………………………………..5.1.3 The current political situation and international status of Taiwan……………….8.1.4 The light/glory of Taiwan: Chien-Ming Wang in Major League Baseball……..10.2 Aims of this study………………………………………………………………...11.3 Theoretical considerations and Research methods……………………………….14.4 Significance………………………………………………………………………16.5 Organization of the study…………………………………………………….......18HAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW..…………………………….19.1 Overview on Conceptual Metaphor Theories and Critical Discourse Analysis….19.1.1 Conceptual Metaphor Theory…………………………………………………..20.1.1.1 Why is metaphor ideological? .........................................................................21.1.1.2 Metaphor shapes thoughts …………………………………………………...22.1.2 Critical Discourse Analysis …………………………………………………....24.2 Previous Studies on the ideological use of metaphor……………….....................26.2.1Gender…………………………………………………………………………..27.2.2 Race…………………………………………………………………………….28.2.3 Politics………………………………………………………………………….29.3 Previous Studies on sports metaphors……………………………………………32.4 Summary ………………………………………………………………………...36HAPTER 3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH METHODS……………………………………………………………...37.1 Theoretical Framework: The Critical Metaphor Model (CMM)…………………37.1.1 Textual-level metaphor identification ………………...………………………..38.1.2 Textual-level metaphor identification ………………………………………….39.1.3 Social-level metaphor explanation …………………………………………….41.2 Data …………………………………………………………..………………….43.2.1 Newspaper discourse …………………………………………………………..43.2.2 Source .…………………………………………………………………………44.3 Data selection…………………………………………………………………….47HAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS…………………………………….52.1 Similar metaphors with similar implications……………………………………..53.1.1 Burden metaphor: EXPECTATION IS BURDEN………………………...53.1.2 Commodity metaphor: WANG IS COMMODITY…………………........…….59.2 Different metaphors with similar implications…………………………………...63.2.1 WANG IS LEADER and WANG IS FIGHTER………………………………63.2.2 WANG IS INDUSTRY………………………………………………………...66.2.3 WANG IS STOCK MARKET AFFECTER…………………………….……..66.3 Similar metaphors with different implications…………………………………...69.3.1 WANG IS GLOWING OBJECT……………………………………..……...…69.3.2 WANG IS LIGHT OF TAIWAN: analogy and contrast……………………....74.3.3 WANG IS LIGHT OF TAIWAN: Who is the “LIGHT-BASKER” ? ………...83.3.4 WANG IS ROLE MODEL …………………………………………………….85.3.5 POLITICS IS BASEBALL ……………………………………………………86.3.6 WANG IS COMMODITY: Who is the CONSUMER? ……………………….90.4 Different metaphors with different implications…………………………………95HAPTER 5 DISCUSSION……………………………………….101.1 The underlying ideologies and characteristics of the newspapers……………....102.2 The influential power of baseball domain in Taiwan…………………………...108.3 The bi-directional relationship between sports and politics…………………….110.4 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………...111HAPTER 6 CONCLUSION ……………………………………..113.1 Major findings…………………………………………………………………..113.2 Contributions of this study……………………………………………………...115.3 Future Research ………………………………………………………………...116EFERENCES……………………………………………………………………...118IGURESigure 2.1 The Discourse-level analysis ………………………………..……..40igure 2.2 The Social-level analysis ………………………………………..…42igure 5.1 Different perspectives and the ideologies held by the newspapers contributed to the implications of the metaphors in the three newspapers ……………………………………………………....106igure 5.2 The interrelated factors that account for the representations of the “Chien-Ming Wang Phenomenon”……………………………….112ABLESable 3.1 The distribution of data selected in LT, UDN, and AD …………....4
Death as Rebirth──On Tian-Hua Chen''s suicide and the Awakening of Hunan intellectuals in the late Ching Dynasty
No full text中文摘要 論文以敘事兼說明的方式寫成，分為八個部份，前四部分以陳天華個人為軸線，後四部分原則上以晚清湖南為軸線，分別探討陳天華自殺的脈絡與影響。第一部份介紹陳天華的生平背景與投身革命的立志過程，他自殺時是在什麼樣的生命處境。第二部份敘述《取締規則》事件的經過，細究此事與陳天華自殺的關係，並且展現留日學生的生活與情緒狀態。第三部份說明陳天華對留學生的期待，以及內心對於「國亡無日」極深刻的焦慮感。第四部份討論當時崇尚流血與死的思想氣氛，說明陳天華在這股思想氣氛下對於死的思考。第五部份寫湖南人自湘軍以來的自覺如何經過轉化，加入負罪的元素，並以譚嗣同的犧牲展現出來，成為典範。第六部份接續著討論晚湖南士人如何追尋譚嗣同典範，影響著陳天華。第七部份舖述陳天華自殺的前一天晚上與當天情景。第八部份敘述陳天華的死後在留日學界的影響，以及禹之謨為他在長沙舉辦的公葬帶給湖南地方的影響。目錄試委員會審定書謝文摘要論 、研究目的…………………………………………………………i、研究回顧…………………………………………………………iv、研究方法與預期成果……………………………………………x文 、立志：陳天華的一生……………………………………………1、情緒：《取締規則》事件與留日學生情緒……………………8、焦慮：國亡無日的焦慮感………………………………………14、犧牲：以死興國，對流血與死的信念崇拜……………………21、自覺：譚嗣同與晚清湖南士人的自覺…………………………32、血償：湖南人父天下之大罪……………………………………42、赴死：1905年12月8日，大雨 …………………………………52、送葬：萬人送葬民氣激昂與自殺潮……………………………58考文
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
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No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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