1,721,058 research outputs found
The Design and Analysis of Black-Box Test Plan for a Message-Based Communication System
No full text測試計畫為有效率的執行測試程式的基石. 在軟體研發過程中, 一個測試計畫為紀錄軟體的目的, 需求, 測試方式, 測試案例的設計與執行的文件. 我們實驗室研發出一個圖形化介面的工具, 以及一個編譯器. 使用者可以利用我們的圖形化工具繪置消息序列圖組經過我們的編譯器轉換成C/C++的可執行檔, 經由此來對待測軟體作測試. 除此之外我們尚製作了一個可設定之行動電話模擬器作為我們的待測軟體, 該模擬器具有一般手機的撥號, 接收電話, 音樂播放, 數學計算機等等的功能. 本文的主要目的為針對編譯器與待測軟體提出一個完善的測試計劃. 此測試計劃有下列的需求:
功能性的評估
效能的測量
可重複再利用的測試案例的設計與執行The cornerstone of an effective test program is test planning. In software development, a test plan is a document that describes the objectives, requirements, test approaches, and the testcase designs and executions. In our team, we have developed a testcase graphical editor that allows the users to draw high-level test cases in MSCs (Message Sequence Charts) and a test compiler that translates MSCs to test executables in C/C++. We have also developed a configurable mobile phone simulator with versatility for the general capabilities that we may expect from a mobile phone, like dialing, call-answering, MP3 playing, calculator operation The main purpose of this paper is to propose a test plan for the system under test(SUT) and test compiler. The test plan has requirements which covers:
• Functionality evaluation.
• Performance measurement.
• Reusable testcase design and executionContents i
List of Figrues iii
List of Tables iv
1 Introduction 1
2 Test environment and our system under test 3
2.1 Test-environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 The Cell618 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.1 Functionlity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.2 Automaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 TE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.1 Basic Constructs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.2 Basic Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.3 Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3.4 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3.5 Message-Based Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.6 Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.7 ALT STATEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3 Test strategies 13
3.1 Conformance testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
i3.2 State splitting tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.2.1 Path Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.2.2 Domain analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4 The test plan 20
4.1 Cell618 and the test matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.2 TE and the test matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5 implementation 29
6 Conclusions and FutureWorks 34
A The Mp3 Download Code of TTCN-3 35
Bibliography 7
On the Rigidity and Tacticity of Polynorbornenes
No full text本論文圍繞在降冰片烯聚合物的設計、合成、物理性質、以致於結構的鑑定。依以下的三大部分作深入的探討。
首先決定在降冰片烯聚合物中，每一個單體所佔有的空間。以釕金屬卡賓觸媒，催化降冰片烯衍生物之開環交互複分解反應，經由X-光單晶繞射可知每個單體所佔有的空間由相對應的單體的單結構可知約為5-6 Å， 此空間上的距離將提供使我們在降冰片烯聯結基團設計一個重要的準則。第二部分的工作包括利用複分解反應合成二聚物，並決定其立體構型。立體構型鑑定主要依照以下的三種方法，藉由可見光光譜中二聚物的消光係數值小於單體的消光係數， 說明了二聚物上的兩個發色團彼此之間是有相互作用的現象，因此這兩個發色團可能是朝著同一個方向。再者，二聚物的發色團含有偶極矩，因此以EFISH的方法，發現兩個二聚物的μβ0 均大於單體，且由其增益值以計算出，兩個發色團在二聚物中的夾角約為60度。最後經由核磁共振光譜以及對稱性的觀念解析出了兩個合成出的二聚物分別屬於全同異構物以及間同異構物。
第三部分則是利用二聚物的資訊，合成以及探討各種不同的降冰片烯聚合物的立體化學及構型。在合成聚合物方面，以降冰片烯為主，合成一系列具有張力烯，可進行開環複分解的單體。這包括了合成向內以及向外的懸掛基團中乃至於更具剛性的槳翼烷單體，探討聚合基團之剛性結構對於整體聚合物的影響。經由催化複分解聚合所得到聚合物之立體構型鑑定則依照以下的幾種方法，藉由可見光光譜中聚合物的消光係數值小於單體的消光係數， 也說明了聚合物上的發色團彼此之間是有相互作用的現象，因此這些發色團可能是朝著同一個方向。經由重複單元和聚合物中消光係數的衰減εd 做圖比較，含有偶極矩的發色團彼此間的作用力會大於含二推電子基團的芳香環，再者由EFISH 的方法，發現聚合物μβ0 均大於單體，而且由其增益值比較可以知道在這些骨架下的發色團均朝同一個方向。越具剛性的聚合物其增益值越大。這些發色團排列整齊的一個重要因數來自於聚合物骨架上的雙鍵。經由雙鍵還原後的降冰片烷聚合物，發色團的增益值已大為減小，表示發色團的排列程度小於含有雙鍵骨架的聚合物。於核磁共振光譜，紅外線吸收光譜以及對稱性的觀念解析出了，這類聚合物骨架是以反式雙鍵所連結，而且13C NMR 顯現出降冰片烯聚合物立體結構的單一性。基於以上種種和對稱性的觀念解析出此降冰片烯聚合物可能是屬於全同立體排列。The design, synthesis, photophysics and determinate of the tacticity of the polynorbornenes by ring opening metathesis of norbornene derivatives is described. The spacing of each monomeric unit in the polynorbornene backbone was 5-6 Å as revealed by the X-ray crystal structure of the relative ring opening cross metathesis product. It is envisaged that the introduction of another norbornene moiety at the end of this pendant group may furnish a useful entry for double-stranded polymers. Dimers were synthesized by cross metathesis reaction. The two stereoisomers were separated and their photophysical properties were measured. The absorption maxima for the dimers and the corresponding monomer are similar. However, the extinction coefficients for dimer are slightly smaller than that of the monomer. Presumably, weak interaction between the pendant chromophores may take place. It is interesting to note that the values obtained by EFISH method in both dimer were significantly enhanced. These results indicate that the pendant groups in dimer may align essentially toward to a similar direction or adopt syn-conformation. The extinction coefficients of thepolynorbornene showed linearly decrease with increasing degree of polymerization. A plot of the per cent decrease of the relative extinction coefficient of the polymer εd, where εd = [1-(εp/εm)] x 100, and εp and εm are extinction coefficients for PNBS and the corresponding monomer , respectively, against degree of polymerization showed a good linear relationship (R2>0.98). It is interesting to note that the slopes for the plots of the polymers with electron withdrawing substituents in general are larger than those with electron donating substituents. Presumably, the interactions between the chromophores in the pending groups are substituent dependent. Interestingly, a good linear relationship was obtained for εd’s of polymers having electron withdrawing substituents, whereas those with electron donating substituents are off the line. This observation suggested that there might be interactions between pending chromophores in these polymers and the nature of such interactions may depend on substituents. The pyrrolidine moiety is a strong electron donating group. The presence of an electron withdrawing group at the para position may lead to a dipolar character in the pending group. On the other hand, when the substituent is an electron donating group, the aromatic rings would be highly electron rich. As such, the mode of interactions between such electron-rich chromophores might be different from those between dipolar aromatic chromophores. Such difference may lead to discrepancy in εd values due to the nature of substituents.目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1-1前言: 形成人造雙股高分子的方法 1
1-1-1 形成雙股高分子的方法 2
1-1-2 形成雙股高分子的條件 6
1-2合成的策略. 8
1-2-1選擇適合的高分子鍊以及觸媒 8
1-2-2降冰片烯聚合物的立體化學 11
1-2-3降冰片烯聚合物上懸掛基團的排列 15
第二章 結果與討論 24
2-1降冰片烯二聚物的合成與鑑定 24
2-1-1 單體的合成及結構 24
2-1-2 利用複分解反應合成二聚物 28
2-1-3 二聚物的之鑑定 30
2-2具張力烯的單體合成
2-2-1雙二環[2.2.1]庚烯骨架單體之合成： 39
2-2-2 7-氧雜雙環[2.2.1]庚烯骨架衍生物單體的合成 45
2-2-3.具槳翼烷(propellane)骨架單體之合成 46
2.2.4具剛性骨架衍生物的單體合成 49
2-3降冰片烯聚合物之合成 52
2-3-1聚合物生成之初探 52
2-3-2雙環[2.2.1]庚烯骨架聚合物之合成 55
2-3-3 7-氧雜環雙環[2.2.1]庚烯骨架聚合物之合成 64
2-3-4具槳翼烷骨架聚合物之合成： 65
2-3-5具環辛四烯骨架衍生物的高分子合成： 67
2-3-6具剛性骨架聚合物之合成 68
2-3-7雙環[2.2.1]庚烷骨架聚合物之合成 69
2-3-7聚合物之鑑定 71
2-4聚合物的物理性質探討 78
2.4.1聚合物的吸收光譜探討 78
2.4.2 聚合物的非線性光學性質探討 93
2.4.3 聚合物的型態變化 106
2.4.4 鑑定降冰片烯聚合物的立體異構性 110
第三章 結論與展望 119
第四章 實驗部分 121
第五章 參考文獻 162
附錄 16
Analysis for the Momentum of the Stock Leader in Taiwan – by Behavioral Finance Framework
No full text臺灣的股票市場一向是個非常活絡的資本市場。投資人時常緊盯著股市的局勢變化，只要一有風吹草動，投資人莫不繃緊神經地進行操作，深怕稍一遲疑就錯失了稍縱即逝的投資良機。 本論文擬從行為財務學理論架構出發，涵蓋展望理論、心理帳戶、處分效果、短期動能與長期反轉等，進而分析股王的價格漲勢動能。 當散戶投資人不再如經濟學中所假設的理性自利，而是根據其心理狀態做出非理性之投資決策，則由於展望理論與心理帳戶同時作用，會使得散戶投資人衍生出「急售獲利、惜售損失」的處分行為，此時股王的股價遭到市場低估，而機構投資人因為認識股王的基本價值而在此時進場投資，將致使股王的股價再產生後續的價格漲勢動能。The stock market in Taiwan is always in prosperity. Individual investors and institutional investors often keep their eyes on the fluctuations of the stock market so as to seize the opportunity for investment. The following chapters would be analyzed by behavioral finance framework, including prospect theory, mental accounting, disposition effect, short-term momentum and long-term reversals. When the individual investors are no longer rational and self-interest as economists had assumed, then it would be probable that they tend to make investment decisions based upon the mental states of their own. Owing to the interaction between prospect theory and mental accounting, individual investors would be inclined to “sell winners too early and ride losers too long”, which was defined as disposition effect. Meanwhile, the stock prices of the stock leaders would therefore be undervalued, leaving room for the institutional investors to invest on these undervalued ones. The phenomenon described above contributes to the following momentum of the stock leaders
An effective filter for screening disaster responses from the crowd
No full text災情回報的效率和正確性會直接影響救災的品質，大部份的災情回報是由政府處理，相關人員從各種來源收集資訊、確認它的正確性，再發佈正確的訊息。這樣的流程確保了資訊的品質，卻時常造成時間上的延遲。近年由於網路及行動裝置的發展，許多群眾平台如Sahana、 Ushahidi 平台、莫拉克颱風災情地圖開始應用在災情回報上。然而，雖然這些平台在防災上扮演著日益重要的角色， 它有三項明顯的不利因素：正確性、重複回報、格式不一致且沒有重要資訊的欄位。本研究發展一套結合電腦計算和群眾智慧的方法 (ACI filter) 來降低這些不利因素。ACI filter包含人工智慧演算法和群眾智慧。我們使用人工智慧演算法找出很有可能為正確回報的資料，並且篩除很有可能為錯誤回報的資料。剩下的回報則交由群眾智慧處理。群眾有三項工作：合併重複的災情回報資訊、篩選錯誤的回報、將資訊的格式一致化。我們使用2012 06010豪雨事件的災情回報資料進行可行性評估，當中包含876筆資訊。研究成果顯示ACI filter篩除26.25%的回報，偽陰性率為0.00%，偽陽性率為3.91%，同時ACI filter將11.3%的災情回報格式化。總結來說，我們開發了ACI filter，提高群眾平台在在災情回報上的可用性。The quality of disaster mitigation is directly connected to the efficiency and quality of disaster responses. In current state of practice, most disaster responses require manual process, mainly handled by government officers, to eliminate the incorrectness. They usually collect the information from multiple sources, verify the correctness and announce the verified information. This process ensures the quality of the information but often result in time-delay. Recently, due to the rapid development of Internet and mobile devices, many crowd-based platforms, such as Sahana, Ushahidi crisis map and Typhoon Morakot Crisis Map, have been developed and employed for disaster responses. Although these platforms sometimes play important role in disaster mitigation, they have three obvious drawbacks: correctness, duplication, and inconsistent format. In this research, we aim to develop a computational method, ACI filter, to eliminate the drawbacks. ACI filter integrates both artificial intelligence (AI) filter and the human intelligence using crowd sources. We used AI filter to retrieve the responses that are highly possible to be correct and eliminate the responses that are highly possible to be incorrect. Remaining responses are filtered by crowd sources. We used the crowd for three purposes: to combine the duplicated responses, to eliminate incorrect responses, and to synchronize the formats of the responses. To verify the ACI filter, we used 876 disaster responses collected from a real disaster in Taiwan caused by a serious torrential rain in June 10 2012. We recruited 284 volunteers from the Internet to participate the test. Each participant is asked to answer twenty short questions. Average testing time for each participant is 212 seconds, meaning 10.6 seconds per question. The research results show that ACI filter eliminates 26.25% inaccurate responses. False negative rate (i.e. mistakenly validation) is 0.00%. False positive rate (i.e. mistakenly elimination) is 3.91%. In conclusion, ACI filter, combining the machine and human power, can successfully improve the accuracy of the responses with the crowd. The method can be extended and applied to cope with large-scale disaster responses.致謝 i
Abstract ii
摘要 iv
Table of Content v
List of Figures vii
List of Tables viii
1. Introduction 1
2. Related Research 4
2.1. Crowdsourcing 4
2.2. Social Media 4
2.3. Emergent Operation Platforms 6
2.4. Common Drawbacks in Existing Platforms 7
3. Research Goal 9
4. Method 10
4.1. Workflow of ACI Filter 10
4.2. Artificial Intelligence Filter 11
4.3. Crowd Intelligence Filter 12
4.4. Crowd Voting Mechanism 15
5. Implementation 17
5.1. AI Filter 17
5.2. CI Filter 18
6. Validation 23
6.1. Data Set 23
6.2. AI Filter 23
6.3. ACI Filter 24
6.4. Discussion 26
7. Conclusion 28
Reference 2
Gender differences in punishment and reward sensitivity in a sample of Taiwanese college students
No full textProperty Rights, Legal System, and Investment Incentives
No full textWe present a world with a large population and random matching rule in trade and investigate the investment incentives under different court rules. The transparency of the decision made by the court is not able to implement the social optimal investment level; even the function improvement of investment efficiency by securing the property rights is doubted. Only under the circumstances the court is available to the information of the production, it is possible for the court to secure property rights to accelerate investment efficiency. We also confirm the solution provided by Coase (1960), which results in the social optimality.1 Introduction 1 Literature Review 3 Baseline Model 5.1 State of the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Matching Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Probability of “Completing” a Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Optimal Contract Price and Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 Social Optimality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 Court System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 Long Term Contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Sensitivity Analysis and Extensions 16.1 Sensitivity Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 Legal Cost Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.3 Court Parameters - Variation of Decision Rule . . . . . . . . . 19.4 Court Parameters - Information Sufficiency . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 Coase Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Concluding Remarks and Further Extensions 27.1 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 Further Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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