1,720,964 research outputs found
Increased Stiffness of Lateral Raphe during Contraction of Transverse Abdominis in Patients with Unilateral Low Back Pain
No full text背景: 肌筋膜提供身體跨關節的肌群連續之整體性，且對所相連之肌肉骨骼有張力調節的作用，肌肉-筋膜變化存在於下背痛病人中。胸腰筋膜中的外側縫為側腹三層肌肉-筋膜與豎脊肌群之集合處，過去的研究中已探討超音波影像量測下背痛患者腹橫肌的收縮表現較正常人差，且發現筋膜型態為厚度增加與腹橫肌肌筋膜滑動減少，然而腹橫肌收縮時的筋膜張力如何傳遞仍沒有研究探討，力的傳遞在肌肉骨骼系統將影響組織受力與受傷程度。近年運用彈性造影超音波量測筋膜剛性，可反映筋膜受力後機械特性改變，然而彈性造影超音波量測筋膜剛性之信度仍未建立。筋膜剛性在無症狀者及單側下背痛病人於腹橫肌收縮時是否增加、是否對稱，及兩組之差異亦未知。 目的: 本實驗目的為: (1) 建立彈性造影超音波在休息與腹橫肌收縮狀態時外側縫剛性之信度; (2) 比較無症狀者於不同狀態之差異與左右兩側外側縫剛性的對稱性; (3) 比較單側下背痛者於不同狀態之差異與痛側/非痛側外側縫剛性的對稱性; (4) 比較兩組於休息與腹橫肌收縮狀態下之外側縫剛性差異。 方法:信度實驗收取14位無症狀者(22.4±2.8歲)。主要實驗收取42位，包含20位無症狀者(26.5±4.1歲)及22位單側下背痛患者(29.7±6.7歲)。受試者於趴姿下做腹部內收(腹橫肌收縮)，測試者以彈性超音波(SuperSonic Imagine, Aix en Provence, France)量取外側縫剛性，測量參數包含身體兩側休息及收縮狀態時的剛性。信度實驗以組內相關係數(ICC(3,3))分析；組內間之狀態差異與兩側對稱性以混和設計變異數分析檢定；以二因子混合共變數分析比較於不同狀態時，兩組外側縫剛性之差異，α值設在0.05。 結果: 以彈性造影超音波量測無症狀者之外側縫剛性呈現良好信度(ICC(3,3) =0.77-0.96)；不同分析者之影像間信度為0.85-0.88(ICC(3,1))。信度受試者之兩側與狀態交互作用不顯著，兩側無差異(左:17.18±9.47kPa；右:19.73±8.42kPa, p=0.427)，不同狀態下也無差異(休息:18.51±7.70kPa；收縮:18.40±10.18kPa, p=0.939)。背痛組之兩側與狀態交互作用不顯著，兩側無差異(痛側:22.30±10.05 kPa；非痛側:22.69±8.99 kPa, p=0.879)，但不同狀態下有差異(休息: 19.48±7.61 kPa；收縮:25.51±10.95kPa, p<0.00008)。主要實驗受試者之組別與狀態交互作用顯著(F=15.762，p=<0.0005)，組別因子之事後分析為腹橫肌收縮時，背痛組之外側縫剛性較無症狀者大 (下背痛:26.12±12.87 kPa；無症狀:19.40±8.07 kPa, p=0.001)。 結論: 量測外側縫剛性提供了量化筋膜的方法，且信度良好。無症狀者腹橫肌收縮時外側縫剛性與休息時相比不變且兩側外側縫剛性對稱。單側下背痛者腹橫肌收縮時外側縫剛性比休息時大。疼痛側及非疼痛側間剛性無差異。下背痛組之外側縫剛性於腹橫肌收縮時，較無症狀組大。本實驗探討於動態收縮下之筋膜機械特性改變，支持下背痛病人肌肉筋膜張力動態失衡之現象。Background: Myo-fascia provides a continuous network of restricting but adjustable tension around muscles and bones. Muscle-fascia tenderness is noted in patients with low back pain (LBP). The lateral raphe (LR), part of thoracolumbar fascia, is the junction connecting lateral abdominal muscles and paraspinal muscles. Participants with LBP demonstrate a morphological deficit during the contraction of the transverse abdominals, which is termed abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM), decreased change of muscle thickness and muscle-fascia sliding, as well as increased fascia thickness. However, the investigation is few in tension transmission during contraction, which is an important issue related to tissue loading and lesion in musculoskeletal systems. The technology of shear wave elastography (SWE) could provide the measurement of the stiffness of soft tissue through the calculation of young''s module. However, the reliability of fascia stiffness measured by SWE is unknown. Whether the fascia stiffness is symmetry in sides, increased during ADIM in asymptomatic participants and patients with unilateral LBP is unknown, neither the difference between groups. Purposes: The purposes of this study were (1) to establish the intra-rater reliability of LR stiffness under resting and ADIM conditions by using SWE, (2) to compare the differences of LR stiffness under these conditions and between sides in asymptomatic participants, (3) to compare the LR stiffness under resting and ADIM conditions, and between painful and non-painful sides in participants with unilateral LBP, and (4) to compare the LR stiffness under resting and ADIM conditions between asymptomatic participants and patients with unilateral LBP. Method: 14 asymptomatic participants (22.4±2.8 y/o) were included in the reliability study. Patients with unilateral LBP (n=22, 29.7±6.7 y/o) and asymptomatic participants (n=20, 26.5±4.1 y/o) were recruited in the main study. The SWE (SuperSonic Imagine, Aix en Provence, France) with 5-12MHz linear transducer was used to measure the stiffness of LR. Participants were positioned in prone and asked to perform ADIM. The outcome variables included the LR stiffness of bilateral sides in resting and ADIM condition. The reliability was analyzed using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC(3,3)). Two-way repeated ANOVA was used to analysis the stiffness of LR between bilateral sides and in resting and ADIM condition. Two-way repeated measures ANCOVA was used to analysis the difference of LR stiffness between asymptomatic participants and patients with unilateral LBP in resting and ADIM condition. Result: The intra-rater reliability of measuring the LR stiffness in resting and ADIM condition was in the range of good to excellent (ICC(3,3)=0.77-0.96); the reliability of measuring the same images by different raters were 0.85-0.88(ICC(3,1)). In participants enrolled in reliability study, no interaction between sides and conditions. The main effect of sides (left: 17.18±9.47 kPa; right: 19.73±8.42 kPa, p=0.427) and conditions (resting: 18.51±7.70 kPa; ADIM: 18.40±10.18 kPa, p=0.939) was not significant. No interaction between sides and conditions in LBP group. The main effect of sides was not significant (painful: 22.30±10.05 kPa; non-painful: 22.69±8.99 kPa, p=0.879), yet, the main effect of conditions was significant (resting: 19.48±7.61 kPa; ADIM: 25.51±10.95 kPa, p<0.00008). There was significant interaction between groups and conditions (F=15.762，p=<0.0005). Post hoc for group demonstrated that LR stiffness was greater in LBP group during ADIM (LBP: 26.12±12.87 kPa; asymptomatic: 19.40±8.07 kPa, p=0.001). Conclusion: Measuring the LR stiffness in resting and ADIM condition using SWE is reliable. The LR stiffness in asymptomatic participants was symmetrical. The LR stiffness between resting and ADIM condition was unchanged in asymptomatic group. Whereas the stiffness of both painful and non-painful sides in patients with unilateral LBP is increased during ADIM. Furthermore, LR stiffness in patients with unilateral LBP in resting was not different from asymptomatic group. The result of the present study investigating the fascia property in dynamic condition supports the concept of dynamic myo-fascial tension imbalance in patients with LBP
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
