1,721,057 research outputs found
FIGURE 4 in Genetic diversity of the regionally endangered Chinese ricefish (Oryzias sinensis) in Taiwan, with comments on its conservation status
No full textFIGURE 4. Molecular phylogenetic tree of Chinese ricefish in Taiwan based on combined COI and D-loop sequences constructed with the maximum likelihood method. Bootstrap values less than 50 are not shown.Published as part of Huang, Shih-Pin, Wang, Tzi-Yuan, Lin, Ting-Yu & Huang, Hui-Chu, 2022, Genetic diversity of the regionally endangered Chinese ricefish (Oryzias sinensis) in Taiwan, with comments on its conservation status, pp. 283-307 in Zootaxa 5189 (1) on page 288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.26, http://zenodo.org/record/711961
A Study of Shaping the Text and Images of “ Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden ” and Ma Yuan’s “ Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden ”
No full text本文希望跳脫以往學者所關心「真實雅集？」、「大師作品？」的問題，而根據相關文獻和圖像，配合當時的文化現象去梳理出其中的發展，希望從「西園雅集」歷史形象的形塑，去探討具有「李公麟《西園雅集圖》和傳米芾〈《西園雅集圖》記〉」的文化形象是如何被建立的。
本文分兩大部份，第一部分是探討「西園雅集」文化形象是如何被建立。首先，在南宋時流傳了許多描繪蘇軾等人的圖像，其中《述古圖》即為明清流傳描繪五項活動的「西園雅集圖」圖式來源，而明清〈《西園雅集圖》記〉的最初文本，則是源於南宋初年人士在崇蘇的氛圍下作〈《述古圖》記〉。本部分即在處理在南宋到明代之間，「西園雅集」文獻與圖像的形成和演變：從南宋「圖」與「圖記」的形成，後於元末文人雅集盛行的氣氛下，《述古圖》名稱轉而為《西園雅集圖》；到了明代楊士奇的作用，使得眾人開始將〈《述古圖》記〉作為對照《西園雅集圖》的文本；之後又因董其昌提倡傳米芾〈《西園雅集圖》記〉，造成由《西園雅集圖》與〈《西園雅集圖》記〉所形成的「西園雅集」形象，廣為人知。
本文第二部份，針對最重要的南宋馬遠《西園雅集圖》作討論。此幅的圖式與明清描繪五項活動的「西園雅集圖」相當不同，也是目前傳世最早描繪蘇軾「西園雅集」的圖像，可顯見其重要性。在此部分，分別探討馬遠《西園雅集圖》畫題、表現特色與斷代問題。由各項分析，可以得知此幅作品內容是描繪具有蘇門文士聚會的「西園雅集」，表現特色上可見馬遠繼承唐代、北宋以來各家的技法傳統，風格上則是與馬遠初期作品相近，因此本幅可視為馬遠在十二世紀末，風格尚未純熟時，利用學習各家技法和自身對「西園雅集」認識所作的佳品。In the subjects of the text and paintings of “Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden,” this article wants to jump out of the questions of “Is it the true Elegant Gathering?” or “Is it the work of the master? ”concerned by other scholars. Instead, we sort out the development in accordance with the text and the paintings as well as the cultural phenomena of that time. We want to explore how did the cultural image of “The Painting of‘Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden’ by Li Gong-lin and Mi Fu’s ‘The Record’ of Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden” form from the shape of the history image.
This article divides in two parts. The first part discuss how did the cultural image of “Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden” form. First of all, many of the portraits of Su Shi et al were popular in South Song. Among all, “The Painting Transmitting Antiquity” was the source of “Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden” which depicting the five activities spreading in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The initial copy of “The Record” in Ming and Qing could be traced back to “The Record of the Painting Transmitting Antiquity” under the atmosphere of admiring Su Shi in the beginning of South Song. The name of the painting “Transmitting Antiquity” was then changed to “Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden” in Yuan Dynasty. Affected by Yang Shi-chi in Ming Dynasty, people started to contract “The Record” with paintings; afterwards, as Dong Chi-chang promoted “The Record” by Mi Fu, The “Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden” phenomena formed by “The Painting and The Record” was widely known.
The second part discusses “The Painting of Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden” by Ma Yuan of South Song. The style of this painting was quite different with the paintings describing five activities in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which was the painting that depicting “Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden” of Su Shi. Its importance stands out. In this section, we discuss the questions of the theme, features, and discontinued dynasty. Analyzed from every aspect, we can see that Ma Yuan held on with the traditional techniques of every school from Tang and North Song. The style was close to the initial works of Ma Yuan; therefore, this painting can be seen as the excellent work by Ma Yuan in the end of 12th century when the style was immature that he learned from the technique of every masters and his understanding toward “Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden.
A Comparative Study on Liability in Contract for Misrepresentation
No full text契約當事人或第三人為與事實不符之陳述，他方因而締結契約，該合意即存在瑕疵。基於保障契約當事人締約自由之目的，英美法上不實陳述契約責任，允許不實陳述之相對人撤銷契約或請求損害賠償。2009年日本民法（債權法）修正草案增訂不實陳述為意思表示瑕疵之一，歐洲契約法原則（PECL）及共同參考架構（DCFR）允許因合理信賴他方於締約時提供之不實資訊致受損害者，得請求損害賠償。本文擬從比較法的觀點，分析前開外國立法例對不實陳述契約責任之論述，並對照我國法上可能如何處理不實陳述契約責任之案例。全文共分六章：
第一章：緒論。說明我國學界如何解釋「Misrepresentation」一詞，及本文研究範圍以不實陳述契約責任為主，並以英美法及我國實際案例指出問題重點所在，以利本文論述之推展。
第二章：英國法。說明在英國法上如何定義不實陳述，怎樣之陳述內容會構成不實陳述，分析歸納不實陳述契約責任之構成要件與法律效果，並簡述不實陳述契約責任與債務不履行責任、錯誤之區別。
第三章：美國法。說明在美國法上如何定義不實陳述，怎樣之陳述內容會構成不實陳述，分析歸納不實陳述契約責任之構成要件與法律效果，並簡述不實陳述契約責任與物之瑕疵擔保責任、錯誤、詐欺之區別。
第四章：日本法與歐洲契約法。本章先簡述日本這次民法修正草案增訂關於不實陳述條文的內容，並闡述於2001年施行之消費者契約法與這次民法修正草案之關聯及法理基礎，簡述不實陳述契約責任與錯誤之區別。本章第二部份，闡述歐洲契約法原則（PECL）及共同參考架構（DCFR）不實資訊的規定，並說明其立法意旨。
第五章：我國法。本章比較我國法上要約引誘、錯誤、締約上過失、詐欺、一般危險責任等法概念，與比較法上不實陳述契約責任之區別，並以我國法院實務判決為例，分析依比較法上不實陳述契約責任的規範，可能的處理方式。
第六章：結論。由於我國現行民法規範不足，試圖自解釋論及立法論的角度，填補規範漏洞。This thisis is concerned with one party’s misunderstanding about something which he says was relevant to his decision to enter into the contract, and the misunderstanding was caused by the other party, or other person. In English, as to a misrepresentation inducing a contract, the misrepresentee may rescind the contract even if purely innocent. The misrepresentee may recover the damage in tort or under the Misrepresentation Act 1967. In US, the misrepresentee may also rescind the contract and recover the damage under certain conditions in the common law.
In the draft amendment to the Japanese Civil Code presented by Draft Proposals The Japanese Civil Code (Law of Obligations) Reform Commission on April 29, 2009, a new article numbered 1.5.15 about misrepresentation is added. The purpose of this Article is to allow the misrepresentee to escape from the contract.
The thesis is composed of six chapters:
Chapter 1. Preface. The motives and the purposes of the thesis are described in the beginning of the research. And it also introduces the ways that the professors in Taiwan interpret the legal term "misrepresentation".
Chapter 2. English Law. It defines the definition of misrepresentation and how the English law decides whether a representation remains a "mere representation" outside the contract or becomes incorporated as a term of the contract. It also describes the requirements of an actionable misrepresentation, and the rescission and damage for misrepresentation.
Chapter 3. US Law. It defines the definition of misrepresentation, the requirements of an actionable misrepresentation, and the rescission and damage for misrepresentation in the US common law. It also describes the difference between English law and US law as to the liability for misrepresentation.
Chapter 4. Japanese Law and European Contract Law. It introduces the draft amendment to the Japanese Civil Code which is added a new article about misrepresentation. It also introduces the Japanese Consumer Contract Law and the difference between it and the draft amendment to the Japanese Civil Code. In the second part of this chapter, it introduces the articles about the misleading information in Principles of European contract law (PECL) and Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR).
Chapter 5. Taiwan Law. It compares several legal terms in Taiwan law with misrepresentation and it attempts to explain the solutions in Taiwan law for misrepresentation cases.
Chapter 6. Conclusion and Suggestion. The final chapter attempts to answer the questions mentioned in chapter1 and some suggestions are also made for the advices to Taiwan Civil Code
Drainage Efficiency and Bubble Transport and Surfactant Effect in a multi-U-shape Micro channel
No full text為了解決燃料電池蜿蜒流道積水的問題，本實驗設計四層蜿蜒流道，並加上細分支，研究各種流體在流道中的穩定性、濕潤性以及排出率進行分析。並設計入口處，分析十字聚焦結構，與T形結構的不同，發現十字聚焦結構，能有效地產生週期穩定，大小相同的氣泡；也分析了濕潤性與非濕潤性對於排水的影響，發現濕潤性能夠有效排水，並且把空氣留住，不會從分支流出，可以達到排水集氣的效果。並用capillary number(Ca)來判斷流道的濕潤性，實驗也發現一般的自然界純物質，例如：純水、純甘油、純酒精都能完全的結合，但對於只要添加界面活性劑氣泡就完全無法結合，所以添加界面活性劑就有排水效率的極限。最後用Ca和排出量作圖，Ca越大排出量會越多。
最後，由實驗結果顯示，設計四層分支流道，可以排出90%以上的流體，並且把氣體留在流道中，可以解決氫氧燃料電池積水的問題，並在流道中添加界面活性劑可以降低表面張力，提升流道的濕潤性，以利於低流速也可達到濕潤的效果，藉由此流道排水，可以提升燃料電池的效率。In order to solve the problem that water remains in multi-serpentine channel, the present study performs a multi-serpentine channel with drainage branches, and various fluids were applied to investigate effects that different fluid properties bring. With applications of T-junction and flow focusing geometry, bubbles were produced to analyze the stability, wettability and size of bubbles. We used Ca-We diagram to categorize bubble generation regimes. The diagram shows that the transition of boundary between wetting and non-wetting bubbles occurs at about Ca=0.006. In the results of the research, the drainage rate was increased as the Ca increased.
Finally, the experimental results show the channel could drain more than 90% of fluid. Furthermore, the gas could be maintained in the flow channel, thus the problems of hydrogen fuel cells could be solved. Adding surfactant in the fluids could reduce the surface tension, and would enhance the wettability. Thus wetting could be achieved in low flow rates condition, and the efficiency of fuel cell would be improved.目錄
中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
符號說明 x
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.2.1 流態 2
1.2.2 T形結構 5
1.2.3 十字聚焦結構 (flow-focusing geometry) 7
1.2.4 加分支的蜿蜒流道 9
1.2.5 界面活性劑與微流道 11
1.2.6 添加界面活性劑對氣泡的影響 13
1.2.7 燃料電池 15
1.3 研究目的及動機 17
第2章 實驗設備與配置 18
2.1 注射系統 19
2.1.1 注射幫浦 19
2.1.2 注射針筒 21
2.1.3 針頭 21
2.1.4 鐵氟龍管 22
2.2 照明裝置 22
2.3 拍攝系統 23
2.3.1 高速攝影機 23
2.3.2 顯微鏡 24
2.4 測量儀器 26
2.5 黃光設備與材料 26
2.5.1 Su-8光阻與顯影劑 26
2.5.2 旋轉塗佈機 27
2.5.3 曝光機 27
2.5.4 加熱板 27
2.5.5 氧電漿接合機 28
第3章 實驗方法 30
3.1 流道介紹 30
3.2 微流道製作 31
3.2.1 光罩 31
3.2.2 黃光微影製程 32
3.2.3 軟微影製程 34
3.2.4 氧電漿接合 35
3.3 實驗方法 35
3.3.1 實驗拍攝 35
3.3.2 實驗流程 35
3.3.3 影像處理及量測 36
3.3.4 量測性質定義 37
3.4 實驗流體 40
3.4.1 40
第4章 結果與討論 42
4.1 穩定性分析 42
4.1.1 T形結構 產生氣泡 42
4.1.2 十字聚焦結構產生氣泡 44
4.2 濕潤與非濕潤分析 47
4.3 氣泡無法結合，影響排水 52
4.4排水量與Ca 關係 55
4.3.1 黏度不同 55
4.3.2 表面張力不同 56
4.3.3 界面活性分子效應 59
4.4 排水傳輸效率分析 61
4.5 加入界面活性劑 對排水效果的影響以及應用性 62
第5章 結論 63
5.1 要點總結 63
5.2 此流道的特點 64
5.3 未來展望 65
參考文獻 6
Characterization and electrochemical performance of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-based composite cathode for IT-SOFCs
No full text本研究，選擇數種複合陰極材料,進行多層半電池(陰極/電解質)製備與介面電阻與極化電阻之分析，再進一步製備出全電池，測量其電能輸出。 電極材料利用共析出法，製備出不同粒徑大小之氧化釓添加氧化铈 (GDC) 球型粉體。另外，利用Pechini法製備GDC及LSCF粉體，以做為阻隔層，在鑭鍶鈷鐵陰極中，加入78nm~2.5um GDC粉體，以降低其陰極極化阻抗及防止晶粒粗化。在陰極複合材使用的則是鑭鍶鈷鐵(LSCF6428)，透過兩種合成法固態反應法與Pechini法均可成功合成高表面積出單相且成分均一之粉體。
最後，利用旋鍍法(spin coating) 製備出不同微結構之半電池，進行交流阻抗(AC-impedance)分析，透過單層至多層之陰極結構解析出各層之間之介面極化阻抗與接觸電阻。並使用氧化鎳/氧化鋯(NiO/YSZ)及四層陰極結構製備出單一陽極支撐全電池，其I-V量測結果約為362 mW/cm2。This study, select the several composite cathode materials for multiple layered half-cell (cathode / electrolyte) fabrication and precede analysis of the interface resistance and polarization resistance, and then further fabricated a full single cell, measuring power output. Electrode material Gd2O3 doped cerium spherical powder with different particle sizes were synthesized by co-precipitation method, preparation of, add of cerium oxide (GDC). In addition, by using the Pechini method to synthesize GDC and LSCF powder as the barrier layer. With the addition of 78nm ~ 2.5 um GDC powder in the lanthanum strontium cobalt iron oxide (LSCF6428) cathode to reduce the cathodic polarization resistance and prevent the grain coarsening. The lanthanum strontium cobalt iron oxide (LSCF6428) was used for composite cathode material, the powder can be successfully synthesized with high surface area and with single phase and homogeneous composition by solid-state reaction method and the Pechini method.
Finally, the half-cells fabricated by spin coating with different microstructure were taken in to measurement of AC-impedance. The interface polarization resistance and contact resistance were analyzed by the half-cells with single layer to multi-layer cathode structure. The optimized four layered cathode microstructure was also applied with the NiO/YSZ as anode material into the anode support single cell for I-V test, and the result of power density was 362 mW/cm
Insider Trading around Stock Dividend Announcements
No full text發放股票股利並沒有替公司帶來新的資金，亦未改變股東的持股比例。很多文獻深入探討了公司為何發放股票股利，並且了解市場為何普遍給予正面回應。公司發放股票股利主要動機之一為，公司未來有好的投資計劃，因此把現金留在公司作為擴張之用，並以發放股票股利向市場宣告這項利多；此外公司也可能因為面臨財務危機，傾向以發放股票股利來替代現金股利。 對於公司相同大小的股利宣告，鮮少文獻探討投資者如何去解讀公司決策的動機，並给予不同的回應。由於公司內部人士最了解公司真實的經營狀況，他們在發放股票股利前的股票買賣資訊或許會是投資者參考的指標。因此，本文探討的重點在於瞭解內線交易資訊與股票股利宣告效應之間的關係。 我們以1985年到2005年間，首次宣告發放股票股利的美國上市上櫃公司為研究對象。我們發現宣告日當天，宣告日前有異常淨賣出交易資訊的公司，超額股價報酬為負或顯著低於其他公司；宣告日前有異常淨買入交易資訊的公司，兩天累積超額股價報酬顯著高於其他公司。 結果顯示，內線交易資訊對股票股利宣告效果有顯著的解釋能力。然而，宣告日前有異常淨賣出交易資訊與沒有異常交易資訊的公司，兩天累積超額股價報酬無顯著差異，顯示投資者普遍相信股票股利透露公司有更美好前景的訊息，股票股利宣告可以減輕公司宣告日前有異常淨賣出交易資訊的負面衝擊。Few researches examine the cross-sectional variations in the market response to stock dividend announcements. In this paper, we investigate the interaction between the announcement effect and the insider trading prior to the stock dividend initiations to better understand how investors react to the stock dividend announcements. We examine 384 stock dividend initiations initiated by NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ firms from 1985 through 2005.We stratify the sample based on insider trading activity within a specified time, say a quarter prior to the announcement day. We find that the 1-day excess returns on the announcement day are negative and significantly lower for firms with insider selling than for the remaining firms. Moreover, the 2-day cumulative abnormal returns are positive and significantly higher for firms with insider buying than the remaining firms. This suggests that insider trading immediately prior to the announcement of stock dividend initiations has significant explanatory power. Specifically, rather than viewing insider trading and stock dividends as additive independent signals, the market views them as complementary signals. However, there is no significant difference for the 2-day cumulative abnormal returns between firms with insider selling and those with no insider trading. This implies that stock dividend announcements reduce the negative valuation effect of abnormal insider selling. Stock dividends seem to be treated on average as good news by the market.1. Introduction 1. Data and Sample Selection 6.1 Data on Stock Dividend Initiations 6.2 Data on Insider Trading 9.3 Abnormal Returns for the Announcing Firms 11.4 Measuring Abnormal Insider Trading 11.5 Control Variables 16. Empirical Finding 18.1 The Announcement Effect of Stock Dividend Initiations 18.2 The Impact of Insider Trading on the Announcement Effect of Stock Dividend Initiations. 19.2.1 Cross-sectional regression with one dummy variable 19.2.2 Cross-sectional regression with two interactive dummy variables 20.2.3 Cross-sectional regression with two interactive dummy variables and other control variables 21. Robustness Analyses 29. Summary and Conclusion 33. Reference 3
The Determinants of Successful Crowdfunding Projects: An Empirical Study of a Taiwanese Crowdfunding Platform, flyingV
No full text本研究以群眾募資平台flyingV作為研究對象，以至2014年底為止所有成功募資的專案共374筆觀察值做為研究對象，探討影響募資成效的因素。本研究聚焦於三個影響面向：(1)用戶參與、(2)回饋方案、(3)專案人氣，探討各項因素對募資成效的影響。本研究利用多元線性迴歸進行分析，並將專案目標金額設為控制變數。最後，再針對迴歸模型進行殘差分析，並確認誤差項呈現隨機分佈。 本研究的主要發現如下： 1、 平均參與用戶數對於專案募資的成效，有顯著且正向的影響。此發現顯示不論專案最終募得資金的多寡，平均每一位參與的用戶對專案的貢獻是固定的。此發現有助於集資者未來在flyingV發起募資專案時，可以根據參與的用戶數來評估當下的募資進度是否符合多數專案的情況。另外，亦有助於集資者評估到達目標前所需的用戶數，並由此考量行銷與宣傳所需投注的資源與應選擇的管道。 2、 募資專案若提供較多的回饋方案，並訂定整體金額較高且選項間金額差距較小的回饋方案，將有助於提升最終募得的資金總額。此研究發現不僅證明國外研究的結果亦適用於flyingV，更發現回饋方案金額的中位數與四分位差對於募資成效的影響。集資者發起群眾募資專案時，可根據上述結論訂定回饋方案，包括整體方案的金額，以及回饋方案的數量。 3、 本研究採取flyingV平台設定專案的問與答數量，以及FB分享次數，做為衡量專案人氣面向的變數。由本研究之迴歸模型，可發現上述變數皆對募資成效產生顯著且正向的影響。其中問與答次數顯示用戶對於專案內容感興趣的程度，以及集資者對於用戶提問的反應是否積極回應；FB分享次數則顯示專案在社群平台上的熱門程度，以及專案的理念是否獲得大眾的迴響。根據本研究發現，集資者可以在進行群眾募資時，利用專案的人氣來評估對募資成效的影響，亦可藉此衡量提升募資績效所需要創造的人氣。This study provides an insight into the factors that influence the success of crowdfunding projects. The research sample includes 374 successfully funded projects from the major Taiwanese crowdfunding platform, flyingV, for the period since the launching of the platform in 2012 until December 2014. The quantitative analysis is conducted by using multiple linear regression method, with the project funding goal set as the control variable. The possible determinants include three aspects: (1) user participation, (2) reward, (3) project popularity. Based on the regression results, the residuals are further examined to ensure the random distribution of errors. The following are the main findings emerging from the result of the analysis: 1. The average user participation significantly and positively affects funding results. This indicates that regardless of the dollar amount pledged, the average contribution from a participating user to a project is consistent. Project founders can rely on this phenomena to assess the progress of on-going projects based on the amount of participating users. This assessment can also be used to calculate the amount user participation required to reach the funding goal, and can also support the utilization of marketing and advertising resources. 2. The amount of reward choices along with the median and the interquartile range of these choices’ dollar amount significantly influence a project’s funding result. This finding is consistent with previous researches on the Western crowdfunding platforms, and further indicates the median and the interquartile range of the reward choices’ dollar amount as an important factor to funding results. Based on this finding, project founders can establish reward choices to increase the dollar amount pledged. 3. The popularity of a project, including the amount of Q&A and the number of Facebook followers, influences the funding results in a significant and positive manner. The amount of Q&A indicates the users’ interest in a project, and also demonstrates the founder’s responsiveness to questions. The number of Facebook followers signals the popularity of a project on social media, and indicates whether the idea of a project echoes with the public or not. Based on this finding, project founders can evaluate the influence of project popularity on the funding result, and can further decide on the popularity required to increase pledged fund
Evaluation of Chondrogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Grown in Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
No full text本研究使用第二型膠原蛋白-透明質酸複合物 (type II collagen-hyaluronan, CII-HA)及豬小腸黏膜下層 (small intestinal submucosa, SIS) 作為誘導幹細胞軟骨化的基材，比較來自人類四種不同組織的間葉幹細胞軟骨分化的潛力，分別為骨髓間葉幹細胞 (bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells, BMCS)，脂肪幹細胞 (adipose derived adult stem cells, ADAS)，胎盤間葉幹細胞 (placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells, PDMC) 及牙齦纖維母細胞 (gingival fibroblasts, GF)。在二維系統進行軟骨誘導分化14天後的結果顯示，胎盤間葉幹細胞最具有軟骨化潛力，其次為牙齦纖維母細胞，而後將此兩種細胞植入以冷凍乾燥法 (freeze-drying) 製成的第二型膠原蛋白-透明質酸複合支架及八層豬小腸黏膜下層進行三維的誘導軟骨分化培養，培養28天後結果顯示此兩種幹細胞植入第二型膠原蛋白-透明質酸複合支架具有較好的誘導軟骨化效果。最後在免疫缺乏小鼠皮下進行體內培養證實胎盤間葉幹細胞植入第二型膠原蛋白-透明質酸複合支架為最佳的組織工程軟骨。The chondrogenesis differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from four different human tissues were compared on two biomaterials, type II collagen-hyaluronan composite (CII-HA) films and small intestinal submucosa (SIS) sheets. The four human MSCs were bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC), adipose-derived adult stem cells (ADAS), gingival fibroblasts (GF) and placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDMC). The CII-HA composite films or three-dimensional (3D) scaffold were fabricated in this study. Upon TGF-β3 induction, PDMC demonstrated the best chondrogenesis differentiation potential on both materials, followed by GF. PDMC and GF were further seeded in CII-HA composite scaffolds and 8-layer SIS scaffolds for evaluation of neocartilage formation in vitro. After 28 days, CII-HA composite scaffolds seeded with either MSCs were surfaced with a cartilaginous-like layer. Histology also showed better neocartilage formation when MSCs were grown in CII-HA composite scaffolds. NOD SCID mice subcutaneous implantation further confirmed that the combination of PDMC and CII-HA composite scaffolds promoted the formation of tissue-engineered cartilage
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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