1,720,995 research outputs found
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Mirror Therapy on Sensorimotor and Daily Functions in Patients With Stroke: A Sham-Controlled Case Series
No full text背景與目的: 經顱直流電刺激屬於非侵入性腦部電刺激，可用以改變中風後損傷的腦部皮質活性，為神經復健中具有前瞻性的治療技術。鏡像治療於改善中風後上肢感覺動作功能損傷之效益，已被現今中風復健實證研究支持。本研究為探討經顱直流電刺激合併鏡像治療是否能夠增益治療效益，針對此複合療法應用於中風個案進行療效初探。 方法: 本研究採隨機、雙盲且偽對照之實驗設計。10位慢性中風受試者隨機分派至經顱直流電刺激接續合併鏡像治療組或偽經顱直流電刺激合併鏡像治療組，接受每天90分鐘、每週五天、為期四周的治療介入。主要的成效評量工具為傅格梅爾評估量表(Fugl-Meyer Assessment, FMA)、修訂版諾丁漢感覺評估量表(revised Nottingham Sensory Assessment, RNSA)與動作活動日誌(Motor Activities Log, MAL)；次要成效評量工具則包含沃夫動作功能測驗(Wolf Motor Function Test, WMFT)、修訂版艾許沃斯量表(Modified Ashworth Scale, MAS)、握力與指力(Grip and Pinch Strength)、運動學測驗與加速規評估。此外，本研究採問卷記錄監控經顱直流電刺激不良反應。 結果: 於主要成效評量，經顱直流電刺激接續合併鏡像治療組在FMA遠端次量表(P = .048, r = .577)，及MAL之動作品質次量表(P = .028, r = .596)與使用量次量表(P = .048, r = .562)的組間比較中具有顯著成效與高度效果值。偽經顱直流電刺激合併鏡像治療組相較於另一組，在FMA之近端次量表(P = .016, r = .681)的組間比較中達顯著差異。然而，兩組在次要成效評量結果幾乎未達統計上顯著差異，但經顱直流電刺激接續合併鏡像治療組相較於偽經顱直流電刺激合併鏡像治療組，在指力、運動學的角度變化參數及腕動計的熱量消耗與活動量上，有較多改變量的趨勢。偽經顱直流電刺激合併鏡像治療組則在RNSA之觸覺次量表及辨物覺次量表、MAS近端次量表，及WMFT之時間次量表有優勢趨勢。 結論: 本研究支持經顱直流電刺激合併鏡像治療對於中風後動作與日常生活功能有正向療效，因應個案系列之研究設計，研究結論須謹慎推論，建議未來仍須大樣本數或長期追蹤之研究再深入探討治療效益。Background and objectives: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation for changing the damaged cortical excitability of stroke patients. It is a promising therapeutic technique in neurorehabilitation. Mirror therapy (MT) has been effective for improving sensorimotor functions of the upper extremity in stroke rehabilitation. To verify whether tDCS may be combined with MT for augmented treatment effects, this study was designed to investigate the effects of hybridizing tDCS with MT in patients with stoke. Methods: A randomized, double-blinded and sham-controlled study was conducted. Ten participants with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to receive tDCS combined sequentially with MT, or sham-tDCS combined with MT. All participants in the two groups received the intervention for 90-min five times a week for 4 weeks. Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), revised Nottingham Sensory Assessment (RNSA), and Motor Activity Log (MAL) were administrated as primary outcomes, moreover; Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Grip and Pinch Strength, kinematic assessment and actigraphy were secondary outcomes at pre- and post-treatment. Moreover, tDCS adverse effects questionnaire was applied in the study for monitoring the adverse effects. Results: For primary outcomes, tDCS + MT group had significant changes and large effect on the distal subscale of FMA (P = .048, r = .577); and the quality of movement subscale (P = .028, r = .596) and the amount of use subscale of MAL (P = .048, r = .562) for between-group comparisons. Sham-tDCS + MT group compared to another group were statistically different on the proximal subscale of FMA (P = .016, r = .681). Although there were few statically significant findings on secondary outcomes in both groups, MT+ tDCS group compared to Sham-tDCS + MT group may have trends of greater changes on lateral pinch strength, angular change of kinematic assessment; and caloric consumption and activity counts for actigraphy. Sham-tDCS + MT group showed a superior trend in tactile sensation and sterognosis of RNSA, the proximal subscale of MAS, and the time subscale of WMFT. Conclusion: The research supports the positive effects of tDCS combined with MT on motor and daily functions after stroke. With the case series designed in the study, the conclusion should be carefully inferred. Further studies with more sample size or long-term follow-up are needed to examine the present findings
Impacts of Electric Slaughter on Colorful Broiler Supply Chain
No full text本研究主要探討有色肉雞全面實施電宰後生產者與運輸業者(含電宰業者)的經營上遇到的困難，以期提供業者能夠符合現代法令之經營方式建議，且有助於施政單位將電宰制度更加完善的建議。本研究運用五力分析以及深度訪談，進行研究。針對飼養戶進行五力分析，發現業者面臨強大之競爭，如果不能有效控制飼料成本以及掌握種雞來源，和下游運輸業者的議價力會相對薄弱。這樣的現象顯示未來必將有利大規模的飼養戶的發展。至於運輸業者，其主要的競爭威脅來自食品公司。因其若要拓展產品線而建立自有之有色肉雞供應鏈，只要和飼養戶契養便可向上整合，再往下游更是輕易。 有色肉雞面對白肉雞的競爭威脅，生產者如果不能以建立品牌方式，並且配合「地產地消」的策略有效區隔市場，仍將難以突破困境。但是發展品牌必須規模夠大，因此食品公司不但是運輸業者的主要威脅，也同時是生產者的威脅。農委會針對有色肉雞推動之「地產地消」政策，除鼓勵生產者建立無毒之安全生產模式外，更鼓勵發展產、製、銷一體的供應鏈經營模式。不管以飼養戶為中心向上、下游整合，或以運輸業者為中心向上、下游整合，都會面臨資金以及契養合約訂定之相關法律問題。其次在品牌建立與行銷通路的開拓，更需要專業輔導與協助。因此政府部門的介入將是攸關產業興衰的重要關鍵。The study mainly discusses the impacts of electric slaughter on colorful broiler suppliy chain including producers, slaughters, and transportation. The study uses The Five Force Analysis and the depth interview to fulfill the objectives. The results of five force analysis have shown that highly comprativeness among producers. Therefore, producers have to control feed costs and the sources of breeders effectively, in order to increase the bargaining power when negocitat with downstream traders. This kind of phenomenon reveals a large-scale development to breeders in the future. About to transporation business traders, the food companies are their main competitive threats. Once they build up their own supply chain of colorful broiler because they want to expand their production line, they can intergrate with breeders or the transportation business traders. If producers can not use the way to build a brand, dorking will be a big threat to coloeful broiler. In addition, if producers can not make a market segment, it will be very difficult to breakthrough. Developing a brand should be large-scale, thus, the food company is not only the main threat to the transportation business traders but also to the producers. The Concil of Agricilture promotes the policy about “local consumption” to encourage producers to establish a non-toxic safety mode. Moreover, it encourages the supply chain about produce, manufacture and market in one. No matter the breeders or the transportation business traders, they both might meet legal issues about funds and contracts. Also, building a brand and expanding marketing needs some professional assistance. Therefore, the government is the key to the industry rise and fall
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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