1,720,953 research outputs found
Expression analysis of stathmin family genes in zebrafish embryos
No full text在真核生物，微管在調節細胞生理訊息傳遞的過程中扮演很重要的角色，它能夠穩定細胞骨架以及影響神經發育。有許多不同的微管蛋白能夠調節微管的聚合，其中包含stathmin。stathmin蛋白是一種磷酸蛋白，它可調節微管的聚合，stathmin能夠和兩分子的α-和β-微管蛋白形成的二聚體結合，形成一個四聚體，因此stathmin能夠干擾微管的聚合化和去聚合化。藉由調節微管的聚合和去聚合，stathmin參與了許多不同的細胞訊息傳遞的過程，包括神經形成，細胞的分化和增生。在哺乳類的研究中指出stmn1廣泛的表現在細胞中，而stmn2，stmn3以及stmn4則主要表現在神經系統，在先前我們實驗室的研究，發現在斑馬魚中的一個stathmin蛋白，stathmin 2，在腦部發育中，扮演一個很重要的角色。目前已知斑馬魚中有7個不同的stathmin基因，為了瞭解stathmin在斑馬魚發育中扮演的角色，我選殖出斑馬魚stathmin蛋白的基因stmn 1a，stmn 2b和stmn 4l，發現它們和其他脊椎動物的stathmin蛋白有很高的相似度，並利用全標本包埋的原位雜交技術觀察斑馬魚stathmin蛋白在不同時間點，不同的斑馬魚stathmin蛋白的表現情形。在此研究中我觀察到，stmn 1a和stmn 2b從16小時就會表現在脊髓和三叉神經，但是stmn 4l要從18小時才會開始表現，而stmn 2b和stmn 4l主要會表現在中樞神經系統。此外，stmn 1a也會表現在眼睛，鰓弓以及胚胎的尾端。從24小時後，stmn 1a，stmn 2b和stmn 4l都會表現在下視丘，頭蓋，間腦以及端腦，在48小時後，stmn 2b和stmn 4l仍然會表現在中樞神經系統，不過stmn 1a則沒有表現在後腦。stathmin在中樞神經系統發育中的表現情形，顯示stathmin在斑馬魚中樞神經系統發育上，可能扮演一個很重要的角色。Microtubules are well known to mediate many physiological processes in eukaryotic cell such as stable cell structure and axonal outgrowth. Microtubules can be regulated by different microtubule binding proteins to mediated their assembly and disassembly. Stathmin family proteins are phosphoprotein that regulates microtubules disassembly. Stathmin interacts with microtubules by binding to two moles of alpha and beta tubulin dimer to form a tetramer. Stathmins also interfere with microtubule polymerization by direct binding to microtubules. Via tight regulation of microtubule polymerization and depolymerization, stathmins are involved in different cellular processes, including neurogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation and activities. In mammals, stmn 1 is ubiquitous expressed while other stathmin members, stmn 2, stmn 3, stmn 4 are mainly expressed in the nervous system. Previously, we have demonstrated that stmn 2, one of the zebrafish stathmin proteins, plays a vital role in zebrafish brain development. There are seven different stathmin genes in zebrafish. To understand the role of stathmin in zebrafish, I have cloned stmn 1a, stmn 2b and stmn 4l and demonstrated that they shared high identity with other vertebrate stathmin homologues. I analyzsed their temporal expression patterns using embryos at different stages by whole-mount in situ hybridization. I observed that stmn 1a and stmn 2b were expressed in spinal cord and trigeminal ganglia from 16 h post fertilization (hpf) but stmn 4l appeared from 18 hpf. stmn2b and stmn4l were mainly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, the stmn1a transcripts were found in eyes, pharyngeal arches and tail bud. stmn 1a, stmn 2b and stmn4l were all expressed in hypothalamus, tegmentum, telencephalon and diencephalon after 24 hpf. After 48 hpf, stmn2b and stmn4l were still expressed in the CNS while stmn1a did not expressed in hindbrain. The dynamic expression of stathmin family genes in the developing central nervous system suggests a pivotal roles of those genes in regulating CNS development in zebrafish
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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