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The Optimal Deployment Mechanism of Front-End Reinforcement System from Zonal Rate to Distance-Based ETC System
No full text近年來，高速公路擬以電子收費方式取代傳統人工收費。實行電子付費系統可達到增加收費站容量、縮短繳費時間、提高用路人便利及安全性、降低空氣污染等目標。並且，大幅降低傳統人工收費系統之維運、管理成本。此外，透過電子收費系統運作下之及時資訊擷取，可達到電子收費與交通管理之整合性目標。
高速公路以BOT方式由民間參與建置ETC一案，於93年2月由遠東聯盟取得標案計畫，進行測試後於同年4月簽約。遠東聯盟預定先期採用短距離通訊系統技術而後轉換為車輛自主定位系統技術。本研究擬以結合行動電話通訊定位技術之電子收費系統技術－eMPS系統取代車輛自主定位系統技術為建置台灣國道高速公路的電子收費系統。
並且本研究規劃人工區段收費轉換為電子里程收費之過渡計畫。依此計畫，期以人工收費轉為區段收費時，減少駕駛者之不適應與困擾，並以漸進之方式由區段收費轉為里程收費時，逐漸增加收費之公平性。
本研究並探討系統業者在過渡計畫下之每個階段，應如何佈設最適化之前端執法系統與訂定罰鍰金額，以期達到系統業者於執法系統與罰鍰收入部分取得最大之增額收入。The government has planned for freeway ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) system to replace the system of traditional manual operation for years, which can achieve objectives of nonstop toll collection, increasing freeway capacity, enhancing convenience and safety, reducing air pollution, etc. Meanwhile, the cost of traditional management, maintenance and operation will be lowered significantly. In addition, ETC-based real-time data acquisitions can lead to an integrated ETTM (Electronic Toll & Traffic Management) system.
Private Sectors participate in the establishing project of freeway ETC through BOT, and the Far Eastern Group earned the bit in February 2004. The Far Eastern Group plans a system of DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) techniques at the initial stage, and transformed into VPS (Vehicle Positioning System). And this study proposes a system of positioning techniques with mobile phone communication, eMPS, to substitute for system of VPS as freeway ETC system in Taiwan.
According to this system, the study schemes a transition program from traditional manual operation to distance-based ETC system. The program emphasizes to avoid disturbance for drivers, and transform zonal rate system into distance-based rate system gradually to promote equity. For each stage of the transition program, this study suggests the optimization of front-end reinforcement system deployment and penalty for the system operator to earn the most profit.目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的與範圍 2
1.3 研究方法 2
1.4 研究內容與流程 3
1.5論文章節說明 5
第二章 文獻回顧 7
2.1高速公路現況 7
2.1.1既有國道路線範圍 7
2.1.2國道高速公路收費站之交通量 9
2.1.3 台灣地區電子收費系統之發展 9
2.2電子收費系統技術與案例之回顧 11
2.2.1 前端系統之技術 12
2.2.2 國外應用實例分析 15
2.2.3 ETC 系統建置成本分析 34
2.3 行動定位技術分類 35
2.3.1 Cell-ID 35
2.3.2 E-OTD 36
2.3.3 TOA或TDOA 36
2.3.4 A-GPS 36
第三章 eMPS系統介紹 38
3.1 系統概念 38
3.2系統架構 39
3.3前端系統 40
3.3.1 特定虛擬收費站 40
3.3.2 車載單元 41
3.3.3 影像執法系統 44
3.4後端系統 45
3.4.1 帳務處理中心 45
3.4.2客戶服務中心 46
3.4.3資訊服務管理中心 46
3.5 小結 47
第四章 由人工區段收費轉為電子里程收費之前端佈置過渡計畫 49
4.1 第一階段：DSRC系統與eMPS系統並行實施 50
4.2第二階段：擴充eMPS電子收費車道施行規模 52
4.3第三階段：停止DSRC系統的使用，全面使用eMPS系統 55
4.4第四階段：增加一倍虛擬收費站數量 56
4.5 第五階段：再行增加一倍虛擬收費站數量 67
4.5.1 國道一號高速公路新增位址 67
4.5.2 國道三號高速公路設站位址 68
4.6 第六階段：於所有區段設置收費站達成全面里程收費 69
4.7 過渡計畫評估 70
4.7.1 收費公平性評估指標 70
4.7.2 評估結果 71
第五章 前端執法系統最適化佈設模式 77
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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