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Design and Fabrication of Micro Power Harvesting Device
No full text近幾年來有越來越多人對於應用在低功率電子零件的能量擷取技術產生高度興趣與廣泛討論，像是在無線網路感測或者是生物醫學檢測等的各種應用。在各種可能提供能量來源方面，機械震動能已經被認定為可以提供作為能量擷取裝製能量來源的最佳選擇，並且可以適用在各種方面的的用途上。
本論文將利用微機電製程技術製作一個有機會擷取周圍環境的震動能轉換為電能輸出的微型發電機，將可應用在各樣的感測器上。利用微機電製程技術製作的微型發電機主要是由鋯鈦酸鉛所組成之壓電材料，包含上、下電極所構成之懸臂樑結構將機械力的能量轉換成電能的形式輸出。在懸臂樑的末端將長上一層質量塊用來調整壓電微型發電機之共振頻以期能配合周圍環境的震動頻率。為了能夠提升壓電式發電機的製程步驟，研究團隊自行設計了一台能夠利用噴鍍的方式在短時間內沈積數十微米的壓電薄膜在微型發電機懸臂樑上的噴鍍機台，結合此一創新設備與微機電製程技術，成功建構了本研究所建置完成之微型壓電發電機結構。Over the years, there has been a growing interest in the field of power harvesting technologies for low-power electronic devices such as wireless sensor networks and biomedical sensor applications. Out of all possible energy sources, the mechanical vibrations have been considered a potential choice for power harvesting in a wide variety of applications. This paper presents the development of a piezoelectric MEMS generator which has the ability to scavenge mechanical energy of ambient vibrations from their surroundings and transform it into electrical energy that can be used in sensor applications. The piezoelectric MEMS generator comprises a beam structure built with laminated lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, PZT) material sandwiched between the upper and the lower electrodes to transform mechanical strain energy into electrical charge. A proof mass is built at the end of the beam to adjust the structure resonant frequency of the piezoelectric MEMS generator for most adaptable to the ambient vibration of their surroundings. To improve the piezoelectric MEMS generator fabrication process, a self-made PZT deposition chamber which could deposit PZT thin film up to tens micron in minutes was used to deposit the piezoelectric layer on the beam structure of the piezoelectric MEMS generator. Combine this newly developed instrument with other MEMS technologies forms the basis to fabricate the micro piezoelectric MEMS generator.誌謝 I
中文摘要 III
Abstract IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
第 1 章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 論文架構 5
第 2 章 文獻探討與原理 6
2-1 壓電原理 6
2-1-1 壓電性質 6
2-1-2 壓電材料與應用 8
2-1-3 壓電本構方程式 9
2-2 PZT壓電薄膜製成方式 12
2-3 蝕刻製程（Etching） 18
第 3 章 理論與模擬分析 22
3-1-1 理論模型推導 22
3-1-2 有限元素法分析 29
第 4 章 實驗方法與結果 34
4-1 微型能量擷取器之製作設計 34
4-2 黃光微影製程 37
4-3 鍍膜製程 42
4-3-1 上、下電極鍍膜製程 42
4-3-2 PZT壓電薄膜製程 47
4-4 蝕刻製程 52
4-5 實驗結果 56
第 5 章 結論與展望 67
5-1 結論 67
5-2 展望 68
參考文獻 7
Study of Charmless Hadronic B→hh, B→ηKπ and B→ηππ Decays at Belle
No full textWe report improved measurements of branching fractions for B→Kπ, B→ ππ and B → KK decays based on a data sample of 447 million BB pairs collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- storage ring. This data sample is almost five times larger than the sample previously used. We also report the ratios of partial widths for B →Kπ and ππ decays. The values obtained Rc = 1.08 +- 0.06 +- 0.07 and Rn = 1.07 +- 0.08 +- 0.08 are consistent with Standard Model expectations. Clear signals in B+ → K0K+ and B0 → K0K0 are observed with significances of 5.7 σ and 6.0 σ , respectively. The corresponding branching fractions are measured to be B(B+ → K0K+) = (1.23+0.33-0.28 +- 0.07) x 10-6 and B(B0 → K0K0) = (0.88+0.25-0.21 +- 0.09) x 10-6. We also report their partial rate asymmetries: ACP (B+ → K0K+) = 0.133+0.229-0.240 +- 0.003, ACP (B+ → K0π+) = 0.034+-0.032+-0.001 and ACP (B0 → K0K0) = -0.571+0.719-0.647 +-0.013. No signal is observed in the decay B0 → K+K- and we set an upper limit of 2.5 x 10-7 at 90% confidence level.
We also study the B → ηK+π- and B→ ηπ+π- decays using 386 million BB pairs. The measured branching fractions are B(B0 → ηK+π-)= (31.7 +- 1.9+2.2-2.6) x 10-6, where the first error is statistical error and the second one is systematic error. The possible three-body decay of B0→ ηπ+π- and the possible two-body decays of B0 → a+-0 h-+ with a-0 → ηπ- have also been searched for, where h stands for either kaon or pion. No significant signal has been found and we obtain B(B0 → ηπ+π-) < 11.9 x 10-6, B(B0 → a+-0 K-+ ) x B(a-0 → ηπ-) < 1.6 x 10-6 and B(B0 → a+-0 π-+ ) x B(a-0 → ηπ-) < 2.8 x 10-6 for the 90% C.L. upper limits.Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Quark model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . 2
1.2.1 Quantum numbers of the quarks . . .. 2
1.2.2 Mesons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. 2
1.2.3 Exotic mesons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark-mixing matrix . . 4
1.4 B→hh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 6
1.4.1 Final state interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4.2 Perturbative QCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5 B0 →a+0 π- and B0→a+0 K- decays . . . 13
1.5.1 Physical properties of a0 . . . . . . . . . 15
1.5.2 B→a0(980)K and a0(980)π decays . . 15
1.5.3 B →a0(1450)K, a0(1450) π decays . . 17
2 KEK B-Factory and Belle Detector 19
2.1 KEK B-Factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.2 Belle Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.1 Beam-line Magnets near the Interaction Point . . 21
2.2.2 Extreme Forward Calorimeter, EFC . . . 22
2.2.3 Silicon Vertex Detector, SVD . . . . . . 25
2.2.4 Central Drift Chamber, CDC . . . . . . . . 27
2.2.5 Aerogel ^Cerenkov Counter System, ACC . . 28
2.2.6 Time-of-Flight Counters, TOF . . .. . . . 29
2.2.7 Electromagnetic Calorimeter, ECL . .. . 30
2.2.8 Particle Identification of Electrons and Charged Kaons, EID and KID ...31
2.2.9 KL and Muon Detection System, KLM . . 33
3 Data sample and Event Selection 35
3.1 Data sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.1.1 B→ηKπ and B→ηππ. . .. . . . . . . 35
3.1.2 B→hh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 35
3.2 Event selection . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 35
3.2.1 Particle identification . . . . . . . . .. . . 35
3.2.2 Hadron B skim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.2.3 Event selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.2.4 Event shape variables . . . . . . . .. . . . 42
3.3 Continuum background suppression . 48
3.3.1 B→hh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.3.2 B→ηKπ and B→ηππ . . . . . . . . . 50
3.4 Likelihood ratio cuts optimization . . . 51
3.4.1 B→hh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 52
3.4.2 B→ηKπ and B→ηππ . . . . . . . . . 54
4 Signal Extraction 57
4.1 Signal shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.2 Consistency Check . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 57
4.2.1 B→hh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.2.2 B→ηKπ and B→ηππ . . . . . . . . . 62
4.3 Mbc and ΔE PDF of Background . . 63
4.3.1 B→hh . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.3.2 B→ηhh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5 Fitting Method and Results 73
5.1 Maximum Likelihood fit . . . . . . . . . 73
5.1.1 B→hh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
5.1.2 B→ηKπ and B→ηππ . . . . . . . 74
5.2 Fitting results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
5.2.1 B→hh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 74
5.2.2 B→ηKπ and B→ηππ . . . . . . . . 80
5.3 2-Body Intermediate States of B→ηhh . 83
5.3.1 Two Body Mass spectra of ηK+π- in the final state . . 83
5.3.2 Two Body Mass spectra of ηπ+π- in the final state . . . 83
5.3.3 B0→a-0 K+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.3.4 B0→a+-π0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6 Systematics and Efficiency Correction 89
6.1 Tracking efficiency and systematic error . . 89
6.1.1 η→π+π-π0 mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
6.1.2 η→γγmode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
6.1.3 Partial decays of the D* meson . . 91
6.2 π0efficiency and systematic error . . 94
6.2.1 η→γγdecay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
6.2.2 η→3π0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 95
6.2.3 KS reconstruction efficiency . . . . 97
6.3 PID performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
6.4 Systematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
6.5 Reconstruction efficiency . . . . . . . . 102
6.5.1 Reconstruction efficiency of B→hh . 102
6.5.2 Reconstruction efficiency of B→ ηhh 103
iii 7 Summary and Conclusion 107
7.1 B→ hh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 107
7.2 B→ ηhh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
A Study of Brand Building Strategy of Taiwan SME in China Market
No full text中文摘要
本論文研究在於探討台灣卓越產業在建立品牌之路的策略。本研究作者從事冰上雪上體育用品製造業35年，幫很多知名品牌做過代工，其間在業務營收雙雙高峰時期，也曾經想打著自有品牌行銷，然而功虧一簣，因為在OEM的領域裡，品牌商是不容許代工廠與他在市場上競爭的。此長彼消，魚與熊掌不可兼得。
隨著中國經濟不斷成長，人均所得也逐年提高，運動休閒風蔚為時尚，眩富心態在新富國家是很普遍的現象，夏季打高爾夫，冬季興滑雪，於是一個超大的新興市場自然形成。比現今任何胃納量都要大的潛在新消費市場，各家品牌無不想盡進入策略。本研究就是要探討這個時間點，進入這個市場所擬定的策略，以現代管理科學，邏輯推演，在新興的中國滑雪市場如何成功打造Freesport品牌。Freesport看到了甚麼？Freesport是否有優勢？Freesport需要什麼策略？Freesport需要如何去維持這個策略於不墜？
歸納起來，複成企業將以五個主軸推動品牌策略：(一) 認識品牌核心價值，使推動計畫有所本；(二) 建立品牌圖騰，清晰建立識別系統；(三) 建立品牌模型，提升品牌價值；(四) 追求品牌價值最大化；(五) 品牌風險管理，避免危機。此外，並以三個階段維繫品牌力量(近程、中程、遠程)，兩個面向：(一) 廣度面向，(二) 深度面向耕耘品牌。
研究結果希望給台灣一些有能力的優質產業，有所啟示，本於永續發展的理念，社會責任感的驅使，朝著自有品牌的經營路發展，擺脫純代工的勞力事業，為自己經營的產業創造極大化價值。THESIS ABSTRACT
The thesis aims to explore the branding strategies that adopted by Taiwanese industries who achieved operational excellence. The author of the study had worked in the product manufacturing of winter sports for thirty-five years and, during which, had become an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) for many well-known brands. At the high peak of the business, the researcher had tried to launch a private brand but failed. For, in the OEM industry, the commissioning company does not allow the commissioned contractor to compete in the same market. As one person''s gain is another person''s loss, you cannot have your cake and eat it.
As the economy and per capita income increase rapidly in China, leisure sports become fashionable. Money-bragging is a common phenomenon in a newly rich country: playing golf in summer and skiing during winter season, and thus a significant new market emerges. This newly formed consumer market is outsize in comparison with any existed marketplace, and every brand is trying its best to come up with a entry strategy. This research then is set to tackle what entry strategies are effective at this particular point of time. Using contemporary management science and logical deduction, the thesis investigates how to successfully establish the brand of Freesport in the new Chinese skiing market. What Freesport observes? Has Freesport got advantages? What strategies does Freesport need? How Freesport can uphold its strategy effectively and profitably?
In summarization, the branding strategy of Freesport is constructed upon five major axis: (1) identify the core values of the brand as the backbone of the branding strategy; (2) create brand label in order to establish a clear brand association and identification; (3) institute brand models to enhance brand values; (4) maximize the brand value; (5) risk management of the brand, as to avoid possible crisis. Additionally, Freesport also strengthens its branding strategy by focusing on three stages (short-/mid-/long-term) and two dimensions (the breadth and depth of its branding model).
The research outcomes of the thesis can provide insights into formulating branding strategy for the capable industries in Taiwan. Hopefully, the study will help the industries to rise above being a mere OEM and to develop individual brands, which can maximize the value of individual business, under the idea of sustainable development and the drive of social consciousness.目錄
致謝……………………………………………………………………………………...ii
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………..iii
THESIS ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………….iv
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………..vi
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………….vii
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………………viii
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………...1
第一節 研究背景…………………………………………………………...1
第二節 研究動機…………………………………………………………...3
第三節 研究目的…………………………………………………………...4
第四節 研究方法與流程…………………………………………………...4
第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………………………………...6
第一節 品牌之定義………………………………………………………...6
第二節 發展品牌價值主張………………………………………………...9
第三節 品牌策略規劃…………………………………………………….10
第三章 個案描述－複成企業股份有限公司……………………………………….15
第一節 單槍匹馬草創期………………………………………………….15
第二節 成長期…………………………………………………………….18
第三節 成長再成長……………………………………………………….19
第四節 社團與公共事務的參與使視野擴張…………………………….21
第五節 步入B2B新商業模式佈局………………………………………22
第六節 鎖定中國市場的思考…………………………………………….23
第七節 結論……………………………………………………………….24
第四章 個案公司品牌策略規劃…………………………………………………….26
第一節 品牌規劃的六個流程…………………………………………….27
第二節 品牌策略的三個階段…………………………………………….38
第三節 品牌策略的兩個面向…………………………………………….39
第五章 研究結論與建議…………………………………………………………….41
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………4
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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