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Sen lin lun li he duo jia zhi sen lin guan li
No full textText in Chinese.James Coufal, co-author, is in the College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, and is former president of SAF.The Society of American Foresters (SAF) has long had an ethic of using forests to benefit society. Now many foresters, prompted by Aldo Leopold and his land ethic, are wondering if SAF does not need a forest ethic, respecting the integrity of natural systems, to complement its ethic for society. Forests are communities as well as commodities. Forest management ought to expand from an ethical of multiple use to one of protecting multiple values found in forests
Generalized Abstracted Mean Values
No full textIn this article, the author introduces the generalized abstracted mean values which extend the concepts of most means with two variables, and researches their basic properties and monotonicities
Organization and postembryonic development of glial cells in the adult central brain of Drosophila
Get PDFCo-author Sen-Lin Lai is a student in the Neuroscience program in the Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS) at UMass Medical School.Glial cells exist throughout the nervous system, and play essential roles in various aspects of neural development and function. Distinct types of glia may govern diverse glial functions. To determine the roles of glia requires systematic characterization of glia diversity and development. In the adult Drosophila central brain, we identify five different types of glia based on its location, morphology, marker expression, and development. Perineurial and subperineurial glia reside in two separate single-cell layers on the brain surface, cortex glia form a glial mesh in the brain cortex where neuronal cell bodies reside, while ensheathing and astrocyte-like glia enwrap and infiltrate into neuropils, respectively. Clonal analysis reveals that distinct glial types derive from different precursors, and that most adult perineurial, ensheathing, and astrocyte-like glia are produced after embryogenesis. Notably, perineurial glial cells are made locally on the brain surface without the involvement of gcm (glial cell missing). In contrast, the widespread ensheathing and astrocyte-like glia derive from specific brain regions in a gcm-dependent manner. This study documents glia diversity in the adult fly brain and demonstrates involvement of different developmental programs in the derivation of distinct types of glia. It lays an essential foundation for studying glia development and function in the Drosophila brain.Neuroscienc
[[alternative]]Effects of Constructivist-Cooperative Teaching and Cognitive Style on Bioenergetic Concepts Learning
No full text[[abstract]]Effects of Constructivist-Cooperative Teaching and Cognitive Style on Bioenergetics Concept Learning
Ta-Sen Lin
Abstract
One of the main purpose of education is to bring up well every student to be a good citizen for the state as well as an effective member for the global community. So how to understand accurately of each student’s characteristics and how to teach accordingly are fundamental concern for an educator. Based on this concern, this study was designed with an attempt to explore an ATI effect of cooperative learning and cognitive style on scientific concepts learning.
Firstly, this study constructed a teaching model － ‘constructivist-cooperative teaching’, which rooted from philosophy of constructivism and utilized the strategies of cooperative learning. Then, a qusai-experiment following a pretest-posttest control group design was undertaken in two biology classes of the 7th grade in on junior high school in Kaohsinug city. The subjects consisted of 76 students. Of which 38 as experimental group, and 38, control group. The experiment lasted 4 weeks. In addition to testing, an observation and interview were used to collect the data. ANCOVA, t-test, post comparison were performed on the data.
Major results came as the follows:
(1) This specific use of ‘constructivist-cooperative teaching’ really brought about a positive effect on bioenergetic concepts learning for 7th grade students.
(2) Constructivist cooperative teaching experiment & students’ cognitive style produced an ATI effect on bioenergetic concepts learning.
(3) The working mechanism for ‘constructivist-cooperative teaching’ positive effect was through encouraging greatly peers’ discussions, exchanging ideas, equalizing opportunity to success, and group-based reinforcing.
(4) Peer interactions varied with their cognitive style.
(5) Although constructivist-cooperative teaching had main effect, however, it had weakness and limits too.
(6) If concept map measurement was taken as criterion, ‘constructivist- cooperative teaching’ brought about more slowly experimental effect. However, concept map could facilitate concept learning was confirmed and welcome by the learners.
Based on the findings, some suggestions for future research and science teaching practice were proposed.
Key words: Cooperative learning, Constructivism, Cognitive style, Constructivist- cooperative teaching
Hinting Civic Futures: A call for cityness in the future smart age
No full textBy 2030, 70% of the world’s population will live in cities. With technological development, the focus of building a city has been changing over time. Currently, the urban construction is dominated by the dream of the built environment with embedded intelligence. Urban data streams are processed by algorithms which feed to the physical urban choreography, namely the Smart City. But what does this smart-dream-future vision mean to its citizens? People choose to live in the city for seeking out meaningful jobs, like-minded communities, exciting opportunities etc. People take delight not in urban technological wonders, but in how the city can empower them to fulfil their own dreams. And this is where cityness lies. Taken as an organic combination of the ‘nexus of technological infrastructure’ and the ‘concentration of humanity’, cityness reflects how people live in and live for the city. The core of this project is to call for cityness in the future smart age. Hinting Civic Futures is a design practice that explores the alternative futures for cities in the smart age, concerned with interrelatedness of social and technical aspects. It stimulates a re-envisioning of urban solutions beyond traditional smart city. By exploring how people want to dwell in what kind of city in the future, Hinting Civic Futures strives to find the connection of functionality and desirability, where resides the cityness. And furthermore, to develop the notion cityness in a preferable direction.By exploring next generation cities derived from positive value incentives and brings them alive, the project strives to uncover the composition of cityness. This will help further open up space about how cityness can be amplified in enacting policy-making, business-modelling and behavioural change.Strategic Product Desig
Low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma-polymerized organosilicon oxynitride films enhance scratch resistance of flexible carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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