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The Effects of Ergonomic Intervention Program on Reducing Musculoskeletal Risk Factors and Symptoms among Female Semiconductor Fabrication Room Workers
No full text本篇論文之目的為評估人因改善方案應用在職場的成效，內容包含兩大部分，第一部分針對晶圓製造廠推動的人因教育訓練課程進行成效評估，藉由現場訪視問卷，追蹤調查對減輕現場作業女性員工肌肉骨骼危險因子（包括上肢、背部及下肢、及人工物料搬運）之影響。研究結果顯示訓練內容沒有明確量化說明及沒有實際工程設備改善，實施教育訓練顯然無效；但對降低背部及下肢，以及部份人工物料搬運危險因子有效。第二部分針對電腦工作站改善進行成效評估，收集現場四十位員工自填問卷及做實際觀察，評估符合人因設計之電腦工作站對減輕晶圓製造廠現場作業女性員工肩部肌肉骨骼危險因子及不適症狀之影響。研究結果發現改善組員工在介入後一個月顯著降低肩部危險因子及不適症狀。三個月之後，改善組員工仍無肩部不當作業姿勢；但對於重覆性作業及員工肩部不適症狀成效則只維持一個月。後來經過探討分析發現，肇因於改善一個月後員工平均使用電腦的時間增加；由此可見使用符合人因設計之電腦工作站的確能有效降低肌肉骨骼危險因子及不適症狀，但仍需搭配作業時間長短的管理。未來工業衛生師能參考本研究結果及建議，更有系統性地評估作業環境的人因危害及推動職場人因工程介入方案。The objectives of this thesis are to evaluate the effectiveness of ergonomic intervention program on reducing female semiconductor fabrication room (fab) workers’ musculoskeletal risk factors (MRF) and musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS). There are two parts in this thesis with Part 1 aiming at ergonomic education and Part 2 targeting at ergonomically redesigned workstations. By following up 34 fab workers for 9 months in Part 1, this study showed that ergonomic education was effective in reducing all back and lower extremity risk factors and most manual handling risk factors. By contrast, this study showed no educational effect on reducing MRFs for all upper extremity and some lower extremity. By prospectively studying 40 fab workers, including 20 workers using ergonomically redesigned workstations in the intervention group and another 20 workers using original workstations in the control group, for 5 months in Part 2, this study showed that the intervention group’s MRFs of awkward shoulder postures and repetitive motions as well as MSSs in shoulders were significant lower than the control group’s one month after intervention. The lowering effects persisted for three months on awkward shoulder postures but lasted for only one month on repetitive motions and shoulder symptoms after intervention. This thesis’s findings are useful for industrial hygienists in designing or evaluating their ergonomic intervention programs in the workplace in the future.論文中文摘要 i
Thesis abstract ii
Contents iii
List of figures iv
Lift of tables vi
Preamble 1
Objective 2
Thesis format 2
Part 1: Evaluating ergonomic education: a follow-up study in female semiconductor fabrication room workers’ musculoskeletal risk factors reduction 4
Abstract 5
Introduction 6
Materials and methods 7
Results 10
Discussion 11
Part 2: Effectiveness of workstation design on reducing musculoskeletal risk factors and symptoms among female semiconductor fabrication room workers 19
Abstract 20
Introduction 21
Materials and methods 23
Results 29
Discussion 32
Conclusion and recommendations 44
References 45
Appendix 1 作業員工肌肉骨骼傷害與工作環境舒適度調查表 50
Appendix 2 作業環境人因工程改善調查問卷 52
Appendix 3問卷調查評估流程 5
A global comparison of the impacts of social, economic, and political determinants on population health
No full text本論文從全球性觀點出發，以國家層級為研究分析單位，探討長期全球社會、經濟及政治因素與人口健康之關連的研究，包括兩大部分：
一、分析國家治理與人口健康之相關：共收集到149個國家在1996年至2010年的資料；結果顯示，在控制經濟發展與疾病防治程度之影響後，好的國家治理有助於延長平均餘命及降低兒童死亡率。
二、分析較低發展國家中，民主化程度與人口健康之相關：共收集到120個國家在1970年至2004年的資料；結果顯示，社會經濟發展仍為提升平均餘命及降低兒童死亡率之主要因子，國家的民主化也有助於延長國家人民平均餘命及降低兒童死亡率。
本研究結果建議未來推動全球衛生改善方案時，應倡導並促進國家的治理與民主化。This dissertation aims to investigate the associations between social, economic, and political determinants and population health on a global scale, including two parts:
1. Association between governance and population health: We obtained data between 1996 and 2010 for 149 countries. Good governance is significantly associated with higher life expectancy and lower under-five mortality, taking into account factors of development (mainly urbanization and economy) and disease control (mainly hygienic conditions and immunization rates).
2. Association between democracy and population health in less developed countries: We obtained data between 1970 and 2004 for 120 less developed countries. We found significantly lagged effect of democracy and three socioeconomic factors—economy, educational environment, and nutritional status—on increased life expectancy at birth and decreased under-five mortality rates. Changes in political regime toward or away from democratic authority exerts persistently effects on under-five mortality rates decrease during the subsequent 1−10 years while the effects are more predictive for life expectancy increase after a lag of 3+ years.
The findings of this dissertation suggest global health practice on promoting a country’s need for better governance and democracy.中文摘要 ................................................................................................. i
Abstract ................................................................................................ ii
Table of Contents.................................................................................. iii
List of Figures ....................................................................................... v
List of Tables......................................................................................... vii
List of Abbreviations Used .................................................................... ix
1. Introduction ....................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background....................................................................................... 1
1.2 International perspectives ................................................................. 4
1.3 Studies on determinants of health................................................... 10
1.4 Governance issue on population health .................................. 15
1.5 Limitation and unanswered questions in previous studies .............. 17
2. Objectives ........................................................................................ 21
3. Materials and Methods ..................................................................... 23
3.1 Studied countries ........................................................................... 23
3.2 Association between governance and population health.................. 26
3.3 Association between political regime and population health ........... 32
4. Results.............................................................................................. 38
4.1. Representativeness of studied countries ........................................ 38
4.2 Association between governance and population health.................. 42
4.3 Association between political regime and population health ........... 50
5. Discussion ........................................................................................ 68
5.1 Key findings ................................................................................... 68
5.2 Political determinants: governance and democracy ......................... 69
5.3 Socioeconomic determinants........................................................... 72
5.4 Lag and bi-directional effects ......................................................... 74
5.5 MDG and post-2015 agenda........................................................... 75
5.6 Limitations...................................................................................... 81
5.7 Strengths ....................................................................................... 86
6. Conclusion and Recommendations ................................................... 88
7. References........................................................................................ 91
Appendix .............................................................................................. I
Part 1. Lin RT, Chien LC, Chen YM, Chan CC. “Governance matters: an ecological association between governance and child mortality” International Health 2014 ...................................................................... I
Part 2. Lin RT, Chen YM, Chien LC, Chan CC. “Political and social determinants of life expectancy in less developed countries: a longitudinal study” BMC Public Health 2012 Jan; 12:85.............................................. II
Part 3. Lin RT, Chan CC. “Warmer climate and workers’ health and productivity in Taiwan” Global Health Action 2009 Nov; 52-57.............. III
Part 4. Lin RT, Chan CC. “Global climate change and implications for emerging infectious diseases” Journal of Healthcare Quality 2009 Jul;3(4):4-8. (in Chinese) ...................................................................... I
EFFECTIVENESS OF WORKSTATION DESIGN ON REDUCING MUSCULOSKELETAL RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOMS AMONG SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION ROOM WORKERS
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ergonomic workstation design on musculoskeletal risk factors (MRFs) and musculoskeletal symptoms (MSSs) reduction among female semiconductor fabrication room (fab) worker. A prospective study was conducted to follow up 40 female fab workers over 3 months after intervention. The intervention program focused on reducing shoulder loadings for 20 female fab workers by redesigning nine workstations. Simultaneous comparisons were made for the other 20 female fab workers using original workstations. One customized observation checklist and Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire were used to evaluate workers' MRFs and MSSs, respectively. One month after intervention, MRFs of awkward shoulder postures and repetitive motions and MSSs in shoulders for the intervention group were significantly lower than those for the control group. The lowering effects persisted for 3 months on awkward shoulder postures but lasted for only I month on repetitive motions and shoulder symptoms after intervention. Relevance to industry This study demonstrates a systematic approach for assessing effectiveness of ergonomically redesigned workstations tailored for female fab workers on reducing their awkward shoulder postures and shoulder symptoms. Industries can use our findings to design or evaluate their ergonomic intervention programs in the workplace or use our workstation specifications to purchase their manufacturing equipments in the future. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Respiratory symptoms among residents of a heavy-industry province in China: Prevalence and risk factors
No full textVariations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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