1,720,956 research outputs found
Dissipation of sulfonylurea herbicides chlorsulfuron and imazosulfuron in soil and the effect on soil bacterial community structure
No full text本研究探討兩種硫醯尿素類除草劑Chlorsulfuron及Imazosulfuron於土壤中之消散，並結合核酸萃取、聚合酶鏈鎖反應 (polymerase chain reaction) 及變性梯度凝膠電泳 (denaturaing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE) 等分子生物技術來探討兩種硫醯尿素類對於土壤中細菌族群結構之影響。試驗土壤採集自桃園區農業改良場 (簡稱Pu土壤) 及花蓮區農業改良場 (簡稱Wl土壤)，於土壤中添加濃度為50 mg kg-1 及10 mg kg-1 的除草劑，於30℃下避光孵育，定期萃取並以高效能液相層析儀分析土壤中除草劑殘量；同時以市售土壤核酸物質萃取試劑萃取土壤DNA，藉由聚合酶鏈鎖反應擴增其中16S rDNA的基因片段，以變性梯度凝膠電泳觀察菌相結構之變化。果發現化學水解及生物性降解為於環境中的主要降解途徑，其中除草劑Chlorsulfuron的半衰期介於6.8至28.4天，除草劑Imazosulfuron之半生期介於6.4至14.6天，而在相同條件處裡下在兩種除草劑在微酸性的Pu土壤中 (pH 5.24) 的半生期皆小於在偏中性的Wl土壤 (pH 7.52) 中的半生期。由PCR-DGGE指紋圖譜發現，部份於Pu土壤中濃度為10 mg kg-1 的除草劑Chlorsulfuron處理下圖譜上的亮帶，於濃度為50 mg kg-1 的處理中並未能觀察到或不明顯，表示高濃度處理的確會抑制其中特定微生物之生長；而由聚類分析發現，在Pu土壤與Wl土壤中，兩種除草劑在濃度為50 mg kg-1 的處理中，不同時間之間的菌相結構歧異度大，表示高濃度處理對於不同時間的菌相結構影響較大。In order to investigate the effect of soil bacterial community structure of two sulfonylurea herbicides including chlorsulfuron and imazosulfuron. Extraction of total genomic DNA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and denaturing gel electrophoresis (DGGE) are composed of this study to analyze the relationship between bacterial community during 70 days. The soils used in this study are collected from Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Center (soil Pu) and Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Center (soil Wl). The main different property of these two soils is pH, that soil Pu is a mild acidic soil (pH 5.24) and soil Wl is nearly neutral (pH 7.52). Applied with 10 and 50 mg kg-1 of each herbicide respectively and incubated at 30℃ in the dark. The treated soils were extraction by acetonitrile and analysed by HPLC-UV detector.esults showed that chemical hydrolysis and biodegradation are both the main pathway of these two herbicides. The degradation profile fits well with first-order dynamic equation, that the half-life values of chlorsulfuron are between 6.8 to 28.4 days and imazosulfuron with 6.4 to 14.6 days. Both of these two herbicides have a higher degradation rate in soil Pu, it seems because of an acidic-catalyzed degradation. The DGGE fingerprints shows that bacterial community structure has a higher diversity in the treatment of 50 mg kg-1 and the high replication rate indeed reduce some bacterial in the soil.中文摘要..........................................I文摘要.........................................II錄............................................III目錄...........................................IV目錄...........................................VI、前言..........................................1、文獻回顧......................................2一) 農藥與環境...................................2二) 硫醯尿素類除草劑簡介.........................5三) 本研究相關生物技術簡介.......................9、研究目的.....................................16、材料與方法...................................17一) 硫醯尿素類除草劑於土壤中的降解試驗..........17二) 硫醯尿素類除草劑對於土壤細菌族群影響之分析..27、結果與討論...................................33一) 硫醯尿素類除草劑於土壤中的降解試驗..........33二) 硫醯尿素類除草劑對於土壤細菌族群影響之分析..42、結論.........................................56考文獻.........................................5
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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