391 research outputs found
Examining the Impact of COVID-19 On Cryptocurrency Enforcement In the United States
No full textThis chapter examines how COVID-19 has impacted cryptocurrency enforcement at the state level. This author employs a qualitative single case study method and investigates the cryptocurrency enforcement actions of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 2020. The data were collected from SEC cryptocurrency press releases and public statements. The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has brought 28 enforcement actions against companies and individuals in the crypto industry in 2020 regarding the three types of cryptocurrency enforcement actions and trading suspensions (trading suspension, litigation, and administrative proceeding). Among them, litigation is the most common type of cryptocurrency enforcement action taken by the SEC. This author concludes that the law enforcement agencies in the United States faced several challenges before and during the pandemic. Finally, the author suggests some measures that law enforcement agencies can take to address the above challenges
An Analysis of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in China's Grand Strategy: Perception, Means and Ends
No full textABSTRACT: This article examines the discourse on the role of artificial intelligence in China and how it fits into China’s grand strategy policies. In particular, this article will focus on three grand strategy components: leader’s perception, grand strategy means, and grand strategy ends. The author identifies that China’s evolving national interests and strategic ideas are the central concern for its grand strategy by analyzing original texts. Beijing has the most ambitious AI strategy of all nations and provides the most resources for AI development. Since 2017, AI development has become part of China’s grand strategy plans, setting out goals to build a domestic artificial intelligence industry. The AI sector has turned into a national priority included in President Xi Jinping’s grand vision for China. China’s goals are to make the country “the world’s premier artificial intelligence innovation center for AI” by 2030. Ultimately, AI will foster a new national leadership and establish the key fundamentals for great economic power. There are many AI applications in several grand strategy means, including military and economic policies. This article uses a qualitative content analysis method to examine the case. Data was collected from Chinese leaders’ speeches, government statements, official publications, and Chinese state media. This article concludes that AI has become one of the key components in China’s grand strategy means, including economic, military, and intelligence capabilities. By promoting AI technology, China’s grand strategy goals are maintaining national power, national face, and international reputations.
KEY WORDS: China’s grand strategy, Artificial intelligence, China drea
Global Politics in a Post-Truth Age
No full textThis book brings together ten chapters that reflect upon the state of global, regional and national politics in the twenty-first century within the context of post-truth. The Oxford Dictionary’s definition of post-truth describes it as circumstances in which facts are less influential in shaping public opinion and political action than emotion, belief and distortion. What unites the chapters in this book, other than their focus on the meaning and nature of post-truth, is that they also consider the (supposed) erosion of many of the norms and patterns of political and social behaviour established in the second half of the twentieth century. This is especially pertinent given the rise in social media and the internet, political polarisation, and new patterns of state rivalries that harness post-truth politics. Each chapter is styled to engage with academic themes and leading-edge research, yet also to present complex ideas accessibly where possible
Examining the Role of Deepfake Technology in Organized Fraud: Legal, Security, and Governance Challenges
No full textDeepfake technology has evolved astonishingly by applying artificial intelligence (AI) to inspire ultra-realistic audio and video content. Initially praised for its legitimate use cases in entertainment and education, deepfake technology has increasingly become a tool for organized fraud and other malicious purposes. This paper investigates the role of deepfake technology in enabling identity theft, financial fraud, and unlawful activities. By conducting a qualitative comparative analysis of three cases, this paper analyzes deepfakes' legal, security, and governance aspects, indicating that deepfakes have posed a massive threat at the national and global levels. Also, this research demonstrates how the current regulatory regimes cannot adequately mitigate these emerging threats. The results expose glaring deficiencies in accountability and enforcement, which are made even more glaring by the global character of the internet and the accelerative pace of technological innovation. This research provides implications of deepfake technology in organized fraud and offers policy recommendations to mitigate the threats and prevent misuse of deepfake technology in the future
Human Security and Gender: A Comparative Case Study of Human Trafficking in Southeast Asia
No full textABSTRACT: The Southeast Asian region has been facing non-traditional security threats, including water and food security, oil supply, climate change, energy, agriculture, organized crime, and migration. Among them, human trafficking in the region is a critical point. One issue-areas that international relations and security studies scholars often neglect is human trafficking in women and girls. With the globalized economic and political environment, the individual’s safety and security have become a major concern. In particular, the feminist perspective is important in human security because women and girls are often victims of violence, organized crime, refugees, interstate conflicts, and other cruel and degrading behaviors. Also, women and girls are often suffered from unequal access to resources, services, and opportunities. Therefore, this paper attempts to use a qualitative comparative research method to examine the human trafficking issue in Southeast Asia from the feminist human security perspective. The focuses are placed on both general conditions and individual conditions. The four countries selected are Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Laos due to their unique trafficking profiles. Data were collected from secondary sources for examining the theoretical arguments. From a feminist human security perspective, this paper concluded that it is undeniable that trafficking against women and girls is the focal point in the general condition. Each country has its unique situation at the state level. Therefore, there is a risk if the researchers and policymakers over-generalize the human trafficking development in the region.
KEYWORDS: Human trafficking, human security, feminist approach, Southeast Asi
Artificial Intelligence and China's Grand Strategy
No full textABSTRACT: This paper offers a preliminary study analyzing the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the People’s Republic of China’s grand strategy. This paper examines the discourse on the role of artificial intelligence in China and how it fits into China’s grand strategy policies. Particularly, this paper will focus on three grand strategy themes: leader’s perception, grand strategy means, and grand strategy ends. China’s evolving national interests and strategic ideas are the central concern for its grand strategy. Beijing has the most ambitious AI strategy of all nations and provides the most resources for AI development. Since 2017, the development of AI has become part of China’s grand strategy plans settings out goals to build a domestic artificial intelligence industry. The AI sector has turned into a national priority which was included in President Xi Jinping’s grand vision for China. China’s goals are to make the country “the world’s premier artificial intelligence innovation center for AI” by 2030. Ultimately, AI will foster a new national leadership and establish the key fundamentals for great economic power. There are many AI applications in several grand strategy means, including military and economic policies. This paper uses a qualitative content analysis method to examine the case. Data was collected from Chinese leaders’ speeches, government statements, official publications, and Chinese state media. This paper concludes that AI will become one of the key components in China’s grand strategy means, including economic, military, and intelligence capabilities. By promoting AI technology, China’s grand strategy ends are to maintain national power, national face, and international reputations.
KEYWORDS: China’s grand strategy, Artificial intelligence, China drea
Trafficking of Women in Bangladesh: An Analysis from a Feminist Human-Security Framework
No full text
Disciplining the Spectator: Subjectivity, the Body and Contemporary Spectatorship
No full textIn this thesis the author argues that although questions of the spectator’s corporeal engagement with film are much neglected by film theory, the body is nevertheless a central term within contemporary cinema, in its mode of address, as a locus of anxiety in media effects debate, and as site of disciplinary practices. And while the thesis begins by demonstrating both the socially and historically constructed nature of spectatorship, and the specific practices that work to create contemporary cinema’s corporeal address, the latter half of the dissertation devotes itself to revealing the regulatory implications of this physical address. That is, the author shows that cinema’s perceived capacity of affect the body of the spectator is a profound source of cultural anxiety. But more importantly, through an analysis of the films Funny Games, Irréversible, Wolf Creek, and the genre of ‘torture porn’ more generally, what is revealed in these final chapters is that the regulation of cinema in the contemporary era is less a question of the institutionalised censorship of texts, and more a question of regulating the ‘self’. In this respect, the author demonstrates the specific disciplinary practices that attempt to present the problem of violent, and sexually violent, imagery not as a textual issue per se, but a question of the formation of appropriate spectatorial relations. Moreover, this study begins the process of teasing out the ways in which the contemporary spectator is induced to see the problem of media violence as one that can be resolved through what
Foucault would term, techniques of the self
Phosphorylation events surrounding the DNA damage response in "Saccharomyces cerevisiae"
No full textProtein phosphorylation mediated by checkpoint kinases is crucial for the cellular
response to DNA damage. The sensor kinases Mec1 and Tel1 initiate the checkpoint
signaling cascade by directly activating the checkpoint effector kinase Rad53. This
checkpoint pathway, however, is responsive to normal endogenous replication as
well. As a result an S-phase specific threshold for Rad53 activation exists, which
allows cells to tolerate endogenous damage-like structures.
Here we show that Rad53 itself is phosphorylated in a cell-cycle dependent manner
independent of DNA damage signaling (Chapter 2). We propose that this is part of the
cell-cycle regulated sensitivity of Rad53 to activation. This phosphorylation occurs in
G2/M, persists until S phase onset and depends on both the polo-like kinase, Cdc5,
and the cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdc28. These cell-cycle dependent phosphorylation
events are located in the C-terminal part of Rad53. Serines 774 and 789 were shown
to be phosphorylated by mass spectrometry. Mutation of these sites eliminated the
cell-cycle dependent phosphorylation of Rad53 and partially impaired the activation
of Rad53 in response to minor amounts of DNA damage in G2/M. This led to more
rapid checkpoint adaptation in response to irreparable DNA damage. Thus, cell-cycle
dependent phosphorylation in the C-terminal part of Rad53 enhances Rad53
activation in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs).
Mec1 and Tel1 initiate a response to DNA damage independently of Rad53. The
phosphorylation of histone H2A at serine 129 (γH2A) at DSBs by Mec1 and Tel1 has
an important role in mediating DNA repair. This study shows that the occurrence of
γH2A is not limited to DSBs, but also occurs at stalled replication forks (Chapter 3).
Using chromatin immunoprecipitation high γH2A levels were monitored at
hydroxyurea-stalled replication forks and depended nearly exclusively upon Mec1
kinase activity. Furthermore our study showed that γH2A not only occurs at damaged
chromatin but in regions of normally replicating chromatin and near telomeres
(Chapter 4). High levels of γH2A could be monitored both in the rDNA of normally
growing yeast cells and at telomeres. Here γH2A depended mainly on Tel1 and
γH2A levels increased during S phase and during the elongation of critically short
telomeres. We also provide evidence that γH2A contributes to telomeric anchoring in
S phase yeast cells in addition to the yKu and Sir4 anchoring pathways
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