1,720,972 research outputs found
Cloning and characterization of focal adhesion kinases and their roles in zebrafish embryonic development
No full textFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) 為Tyrosine kinase family 之一員，調控細胞的生長和移動。為了了解FAK在胚胎發育中所扮演的角色，我們使用斑馬魚系統作為基因功能研究的動物模式生物。我們先將斑馬魚的FAK基因zfak1a (3159 bp)及zfak1b (3138 bp) 選殖出來，並送入哺乳類細胞（NIH3T3、FAK-/-）當中表現，觀察是否在cell biology、biochemistry、以及function上面也有相似性。我們藉由Morpholino (MO) knock down 內生的 zfak1a 或zfak1b 並探討FAK在斑馬魚發育中的角色。藉由氨基酸序列比對得知斑馬魚的FAK和雞、老鼠、及人類的序列相似度高達85%以上，顯示其是相當保守的一個蛋白。Fak1a/1b 表現在細胞的focal contacts上，並且Fak1a的表現會促進細胞生長、移動、以及能動性的上升。使用MO降低斑馬魚內生Fak1a的表現造成魚體原腸形成過程中的缺陷，藉由間歇性拍攝觀察得知這樣的缺陷是由於細胞移動的能力和方向性失調所造成的。除此之外，降低Fak1a表現的斑馬魚胚體尾部的eve1基因的表現量下降，顯示Fak1a可能參與在決定前後體軸發育的角色當中。斑馬魚 faks參與在原腸形成過程中調控細胞移動，正確的細胞移動被認為是中胚層正常形成的動力。Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a protein tyrosine kinase involved in cell migration, proliferation and cell adhesion. To investigate the role of FAK in embryonic development, we employed a well-established vertebrate model, zebrafish, to proceed genetic study of FAK in vivo. Here we isolated two zebrafish FAK genes, fak1a (3159 bp) and fak1b (3138) bp and expressed in FAK-/- and NIH3T3 mammalian cells to study the outcomes of cell biology, biochemistry and cellular functional level in comparison to those of mouse FAK. Zebrafish fak1a and fak1b showed more than 85% similarity in amino acid sequences to their homologs in chicken, mice and humans. The expression of fak1a could promote cell proliferation, migration, and motility. In addition, we used antisense morpholino oligos (MO) knocking down intrinsic fak1a and fak1b in zebrafish embryos to investigate the role of Fak1a/1b during development. Upon knocking down intrinsic fak1a and fak1b in zebrafish embryos, epiboly and convergence extension defects were prominent. By a means of time-lapse recording assay, we demonstrated that zebrafish fak governed convergent extension movements via regulating cell migration ability and polarization. Also, the expression of eve1 is down regulated upon knocking down fak1a, suggesting that Fak1a may play a role in anterior-posterior (A-P) axial patterning. Together, zebrafish Faks involved in regulating cell migration both in vitro and in vivo, it is been regarded as the driving force during gastrulation cell movement which contributes to normal mesoderm formation
[[alternative]]Practical Knowledge of Junior High School Physical Education Teacher in Basketball and Swimming Curriculum : A Case Study
No full text[[abstract]]Abstract
This study aimed at the practical knowledge of physical education teacher in junior high school. The participant was a ten-year-experienced female junior high school physical education teacher. This case study, through the basketball and swimming curriculum of her, was in analysis of connotations and structures of practical knowledge. From the teaching related life experience were sources and influence factors of practical knowledge searched. Further analysis was conducted to yield the characteristics of knowledge. Qualitative approach technique, observation, interview and document were used for data collection for eight months from November, 2003 to June, 2004. It was found that:
(1) The connotations of practical knowledge: The practical knowledge of the PE teacher is mainly divided into four aspects: self, teaching, class management and students.
The self image was “actress”, which contains “self requisition” and “reflection”, based on the predominant principle of “self improvement and teacher image building”.
The image “teaching” was “magician”, which contains curriculum arrangement, cognition guild, skills learning, affective cultivation and assessment, under the principle of emphasis on participation, learning by doing, peer learning and material transforming. The connotation varied with different curriculum contexts, such as sport events, activity environment, etc.
The image “class management” was “politician”, which contains primacy arrangement and impact management. The connotation varied with curriculum contexts. The main goal of class management was “keep class going”. The standard of management was different from the characteristic of students.
The image “students” was “friend”, which contains the manners in getting along with students and in understanding them, rested upon the principles of “caring about students” and “integrating with students”.
(2) The structures of practical knowledge:
Each category of practical knowledge, which was presented by way of images, principles and rules, had also reciprocal demand and interaction, especially intensive in “Self” dimension.
(3) The sources and influence factors of practical knowledge:
They were divided into prevalent teaching contexts: participation in school activities, inspiration from trainee teachers, interaction between colleagues, administrative resource, influence under the teaching environment, changes of students and individual factors: life experiences, individual characteristics, training of teachers, self-criticism in teaching, and the pursuit of further education).
(4) The characteristics of practical knowledge:
“individual”, “practical”, “useful”, “reflective”, “contexts-depended”, “reciprocal demand”, and “concealed in action” were eight characteristics derived..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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