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Milk, money, and gender: Exploring the link between women's decision‐making in dairy production and welfare investments in boys versus girls
Full text linkAbstract Greater women's bargaining power and decision‐making within a household have been shown to increase investments in human capital. This study links women's participation in decision‐making in dairy production with household investment in girls and boys in health, nutrition, and education. We survey households in the urbanizing region of Bangalore, India. We utilize a multinomial treatment effects model to analyze the individual and household factors that are associated with women's participation in sole or joint decision‐making. We then assess how the type of decision‐making influences a household's investments. The results first show that female decision‐making households are more disadvantaged on average than other types of decision‐making households. Second, we observe that female decision‐makers for dairy production are more likely to have more children and earn a higher income than their husbands. Third, the main findings show that households in which women engage in joint decision‐making have higher levels of investment across all categories for girls. Conversely, investments decrease in education and nutrition for both girls and boys when the wife is the sole decision‐maker. Lastly, investments are enhanced further for girls when households can sell milk at a higher price.Résumé Une plus grande capacité de négociation et de prise de décision des femmes au sein d'un ménage a été démontrée comme augmentant les investissements dans le capital humain. Cette étude établit un lien entre la participation des femmes à la prise de décision dans la production laitière et l'investissement du ménage dans la santé, la nutrition et l'éducation des filles et des garçons. Nous enquêtons sur les ménages dans la région en urbanisation de Bangalore, en Inde. Nous utilisons un modèle d'effets de traitement multinomial pour analyser les facteurs individuels et familiaux associés à la participation des femmes à la prise de décision seule ou conjointe. Nous évaluons ensuite comment le type de prise de décision influence les investissements du ménage. Les résultats montrent d'abord que les ménages où les femmes prennent les décisions sont en moyenne plus défavorisés que les autres types de ménages décisionnels. Deuxièmement, nous observons que les femmes décisionnaires pour la production laitière ont plus de chances d'avoir plus d'enfants et de gagner un revenu plus élevé que leurs maris. Troisièmement, les principales conclusions montrent que les ménages où les femmes participent à la prise de décision conjointe ont des niveaux d'investissement plus élevés dans toutes les catégories pour les filles. À l'inverse, les investissements diminuent dans l'éducation et la nutrition pour les filles et les garçons lorsque la femme est la seule décisionnaire. Enfin, les investissements sont encore plus élevés pour les filles lorsque les ménages peuvent vendre le lait à un prix plus élevé.Abstract Greater women's bargaining power and decision‐making within a household have been shown to increase investments in human capital. This study links women's participation in decision‐making in dairy production with household investment in girls and boys in health, nutrition, and education. We survey households in the urbanizing region of Bangalore, India. We utilize a multinomial treatment effects model to analyze the individual and household factors that are associated with women's participation in sole or joint decision‐making. We then assess how the type of decision‐making influences a household's investments. The results first show that female decision‐making households are more disadvantaged on average than other types of decision‐making households. Second, we observe that female decision‐makers for dairy production are more likely to have more children and earn a higher income than their husbands. Third, the main findings show that households in which women engage in joint decision‐making have higher levels of investment across all categories for girls. Conversely, investments decrease in education and nutrition for both girls and boys when the wife is the sole decision‐maker. Lastly, investments are enhanced further for girls when households can sell milk at a higher price.Résumé Une plus grande capacité de négociation et de prise de décision des femmes au sein d'un ménage a été démontrée comme augmentant les investissements dans le capital humain. Cette étude établit un lien entre la participation des femmes à la prise de décision dans la production laitière et l'investissement du ménage dans la santé, la nutrition et l'éducation des filles et des garçons. Nous enquêtons sur les ménages dans la région en urbanisation de Bangalore, en Inde. Nous utilisons un modèle d'effets de traitement multinomial pour analyser les facteurs individuels et familiaux associés à la participation des femmes à la prise de décision seule ou conjointe. Nous évaluons ensuite comment le type de prise de décision influence les investissements du ménage. Les résultats montrent d'abord que les ménages où les femmes prennent les décisions sont en moyenne plus défavorisés que les autres types de ménages décisionnels. Deuxièmement, nous observons que les femmes décisionnaires pour la production laitière ont plus de chances d'avoir plus d'enfants et de gagner un revenu plus élevé que leurs maris. Troisièmement, les principales conclusions montrent que les ménages où les femmes participent à la prise de décision conjointe ont des niveaux d'investissement plus élevés dans toutes les catégories pour les filles. À l'inverse, les investissements diminuent dans l'éducation et la nutrition pour les filles et les garçons lorsque la femme est la seule décisionnaire. Enfin, les investissements sont encore plus élevés pour les filles lorsque les ménages peuvent vendre le lait à un prix plus élevé
Revisiting the role of governance and institutions on agricultural production
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Opportunities and Challenges in the Ethiopian Bamboo Sector: A Market Analysis of the Bamboo-Based Value Web
No full textBamboo is one of the more important natural resources in Ethiopia and contributes to the bioeconomy as a potential source for high-value products. While the country is the largest producer of bamboo in Africa, the existing utilization of the bamboo sector in Ethiopia remains under-developed, with little value addition. This study identifies the current market challenges and opportunities for future developments of the northern Ethiopian bamboo sector, with a focus on the Injibara township. This research adopts the “value web” approach to assess the potentials of different product lines that create the bamboo biomass value web. We utilize qualitative data collection methods, in particular, semi-structured interviews and informal focus group discussions with key stakeholders. Our findings suggest that bamboo farmers in Injibara are constrained by a lack of local demand and market for bamboo products with high-value addition, leading to an absence of product diversification and innovation. Furthermore, there is an overreliance on foreign technology and methods that are poorly matched for local needs. We recommend that policymakers invest in targeted and effective training strategies on bamboo cultivation and processing. Furthermore, farmers can benefit from decreasing their reliance on middle men with cooperatives or contract arrangements
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The role of institutional quality on the performance in the export of coconut products
Full text linkThe literature that addresses the role of institutions in bilateral trade is extensive. However, research that links institutional quality to specific products and their different levels of value addition is lacking. In this study, we look into institutional quality, based on three indicators from the World Bank's world governance indicators, and its indicator-specific effects on bilateral coconut trade. In particular, we study coconut products with varying degrees of value addition. We use structural gravity models to measure how institutions affect the trade performance of the top 26 coconut producing countries to the top 15 importing economies over the years 1996-2016. Our results suggest that increased government effectiveness enhances trade of high-value products, whereas better voice and accountability scores decrease trade of coconut products with both levels of value addition. No clear trade effect is observed when two countries are more similar in each of the three indicators. We conclude that each indicator has different trade effects on each of the coconut product categories. We end by giving recommendations that will help to improve the coconut export performance in their respective countries and for future research
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