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The Linguistic Turn(s) in Modern China
No full text傳統社會中，價值秩序維持了長期的穩定，承載價值的語言，於是被等同於價值本身，被賦予本質性的意義。當社會各領域日益分化，價值領域的和諧一致逐漸散為碎片。作為建構、溝通價值的媒介，語言和意義之間聯繫的任意和分歧，也將為人們所察覺。這篇論文旨在討論在舊秩序崩毀的情況下，近代中國知識份子對於語言和價值問題之危機的思考。本文以清季民初時期，古典語文學、歷史語言學、現代語法學、現代文學等知識領域為對象，分析其方法論的預設和技術面的論戰中關於語言的想像，指出近代中國語文的變革不僅是表面上文體的更替、詞彙的輸入，以及其間新、舊兩派知識人文化取向的改變，而是兩種不同語言想像的變遷。詞與物在這時分離開來，語言成為獨立的知識客體，不復在古典語言秩序中與價值體系緊密結合。在對語言原初意義的歷史探索中，時間軸上各點的流變，取代了原初意義的權威；在對語言自身結構的考察裡，隱身在語言背後的說話者被察覺，說話者的個別意志取代了古典的和諧秩序；這使得語言不再擁有形而上的地位，與普遍性的意義相連，而是被不同的說話者運用與解釋，它不再為這個世界規範應有的秩序，而僅僅是歷史時間中的社會現象。整個近代中國語言想像的變遷，便是在穩固的古典語言秩序瓦解之後，知識份子不斷試圖重建詞與物的聯繫，卻又歸於失敗的過程。在古典秩序消逝之後，語言秩序（及其所承載的價值秩序）的分歧命運，為各種政治意識型態所競逐的處境，正如同韋伯所說的諸神之爭。可以說，這既是語言理解方式的典範轉移，也反映了當時知識份子對於傳統價值崩解危機的思考。In traditional society, the order of value remains stable for a long time. Accordingly, the language that carried value is equal to the value itself and given intrinsic meaning. When the regions of society differentiated, the consistency and harmonization of value region broke into pieces. The arbitrariness and divergence between language, as the vehicle to communicate and construct order of value, and meaning, will be aware of.
The purpose of this thesis is to probe into the thoughts about the problem and crisis between language and value by modern Chinese intellectuals in their disordered world. This thesis will investigate the philology, historical linguistics, grammar, modern literature in modern China, and analysis the imagination of language in their postulate of methodology and disputation of technical aspect. The transformation of modern Chinese language region is not only the variation of the style of writing, the importation of new words and concepts, and the differences between new style and old fashion intellectuals, but a transformation of imagination of language. In this time, the word and the thing separated, language was no longer a part of the system of value in classical linguistic order, but became an independent object of knowledge. In the historical studies of original meaning of word, the becoming and variation of meaning on the time axis, replaced the authority of original meaning. In the studies of structure and rules of language itself, the speaker behind language was aware of, and the harmonization of classical order superseded by the individual will of the speaker. Thus, language lost metaphysic status which connected to universal meaning, and will be controlled and defined by different speaking subjects. It is only a social phenomenon in historical time, and no longer given the norm to this world.
In short, the transformation of the imagination of language in modern China is a process in which intellectuals reconstructed the connection between the word and the thing incessantly, and finally failed. After the classical order went by, the order of language (and the order of value which carried) just like the “competition of gods” as Max Weber said, became object contended and explained by vary political forces. In this aspect, this is the paradigm shift of the way by which people comprehend language, and also refract the thoughts in which intellectuals think about the crisis about disorder of traditional value.前言……………………………………………………………………………………1
第一章 古典語言秩序的落日餘暉：章太炎，他的時代與他的語言世界………11
一、詞與物的斷裂：名實相離的時代
二、政治思想和語言哲學
三、歷史化的古典語言秩序及其失敗
四、文學定義的變遷
附錄、傅斯年的歷史語言學及其轉變
第二章 語言的想像和想像的語言：中國現代語言學的邊界 (1898-1964) ……49
一、白話文失敗的勝利
二、文法的誕生
三、語言形式與言說主體的分離
四、大眾的語言
五、語言的政治命運
第三章 虛構與真實之間的語言極限：魯迅的（不）沈默………………………83
一、語言的宰制與抵抗
二、原初語言的消逝與追憶：虛構的語言與荒蕪的真實
三、溢美與溢惡之間的真實
四、雙重否定修辭及其召喚之物
五、無詞言語的倫理
六、啟蒙的面具
結論…………………………………………………………………………………121
引用書目……………………………………………………………………………12
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Tunneling Induced Electroluminescence from Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structure on Silicon
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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