1,721,153 research outputs found
Latex Agglutination as a Rapid Screening Test and the Use of Recombinant LipL32 antigen- based Enzyme- linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Serodiagnosis of Human Leptospirosis
No full text鉤端螺旋體感染症是一種世界性分佈的人畜共通傳染疾病，此病無法單獨以臨床症狀作為診斷，必須以實驗室檢查加以輔助確認，目前採用的標準檢驗方法是顯微凝集試驗 (microscopic agglutination test，簡稱MAT)，其操作特點是以各種血清型的活菌作為抗原，除了耗時外，對實驗室操作人員而言，具有高度危險性的。本研究製備乳膠凝集試劑 (latex agglutination test，簡稱LAT)，其效力與MAT及兩種商品化套組LeptoTek Lateral Flow和LeptoTek Dri-Dot做比較。檢體來源為472個送檢之疑似鉤端螺旋體感染病患的血清，經由合約實驗室進行MAT及Lateral Flow和Dri-Dot的檢驗。以MAT為黃金標準分別評估Lateral- Flow、Dri-Dot 及LAT之敏感性及特異性，敏感性分別為44.4%、52.8%、86.1%，而特異性分別為95.2%、82.5%、78.8%。以Kappa value (κ)來評定這三種試驗與MAT的一致性，其中以LAT有較佳的一致性κ = 0.62，而Lateral-Flow與Dri-Dot的一致性較差，分別為0.44及0.37，故LAT應可用於臨床快速篩檢鉤端螺旋體感染症。由於多種鉤端螺旋體的外膜蛋白質已被選殖且大量表現，故提供具免疫原性的重組蛋白質抗原作為鉤端螺旋體感染症的抗體診斷有其必要性，本研究的另一部分是利用大腸桿菌株表現LipL32重組蛋白抗原，應用酵素結合免疫吸附法 (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay，簡稱ELISA)來偵測鉤端螺旋體感染症之IgG及IgM抗體。採用上述送檢之疑似鉤端螺旋體感染病患的血清及40個正常人血清樣本進行試驗，利用Two-graph Receiver-Operator Curve (TG-ROC)訂定Cutoff，結果在IgG-ELISA試驗之敏感性為97.1%，特異性為71.9%。在IgM-ELISA試驗之敏感性為80.3 %，特異性為63.0%。此次實驗再度證明LipL32蛋白質在鉤端螺旋體感染症的血清學診斷或閉O一個有用的抗原。Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease that affects all mammals indifferent parts of the world. Clinical recognition of leptospirosis is challenging, and the definitive serologic diagnosis assay, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is the reference test for diagnosis, but it is time-consuming and requires the maintenances of several leptospiral strains to be used as antigens, live organisms creating a risk of laboratory-acquired infections. We prepared a rapid latex agglutination test (LAT) reagent for the detection of Leptospira- specific antibodies in human serum samples. The efficacy of the LAT was compared with two commercial rapid serologic tests, the LeptoTek Lateral Flow and the LeptoTek Dri-Dot with MAT as gold standard. A total of 419 human serum samples were analyzed by MAT, LAT, Lateral Flow, and Dri-Dot. By Using MAT as gold standard, the sensitivities for detection of leptospiral antibodies were 44.4% by Lateral Flow, 52.8% by Dri-Dot and 86.1% by LAT; specificities were95.2% by Lateral Flow, 82.5% by Dri-Dot, and 78.8% by LAT, respectively. On our study, LAT showed the best agreement with MAT (κ=0.62) and the agreement of the Lateral Flow and Dri-Dot with MAT was low (κ=0.44 and 0.37, respectively). These characteristics make LAT ideal for rapid screening for leptospirosis suspicious patients. Because more leptospiral outer membrane protein genes has been cloned and expressed. It is essential to provide a antigen for antibodies detection. The recombinant LipL32 protein expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 is used as antigen for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to screen leptospirosis suspected patients and 40 normal control sera. Sensitivity and specificity are 97.1% and 71.9% in IgG-ELISA, 80.3 % and 63.0% in IgM-ELISA. These findings indicate that LipL32 may be an useful antigen for the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis.中文摘要 II
英文摘要 IV
目錄 V
表次 VIII
圖次 IX
第一章 緒言 1
第二章 文獻探討 3
第一節 鉤端螺旋體感染症歷史 4
第二節 鉤端螺旋體感染症之分類 6
第三節 鉤端螺旋體感染症之病原與抗原種類 7
第四節 鉤端螺旋體的致病與免疫機制 12
第五節 鉤端螺旋體感染症的傳播途徑與自然宿主 14
第六節 鉤端螺旋體感染症之臨床症狀 16
第七節 鉤端螺旋體感染症之實驗室診斷 18
第八節 鉤端螺旋體感染症之治療、預防與控制 27
第三章 利用乳膠凝集試驗快速篩檢鉤端螺旋體感染症 29
第一節 摘要 30
第二節 前言 31
第三節 材料與方法 33
3.1 血清樣本來源及相關測試 33
3.2 抗原與乳膠粒子的製備 37
3.3 乳膠凝集試驗理想試驗條件測試 39
3.4 乳膠凝集試驗檢測 40
3.5 統計分析 40
第四節 結果 41
第五節 討論 47
第四章 應用鉤端螺旋體LipL32重組蛋白質抗原於酵素結合免
疫吸附法偵測鈎端螺旋體感染症之IgG及IgM抗體 50
第一節 摘要 51
第二節 前言 52
第三節 材料與方法 54
3.1 鉤端螺旋體LipL32重組蛋白質抗原之表現與純化 54
3.2 LipL32重組蛋白質之電泳分析 56
3.3 LipL32重組蛋白質之定量分析 58
3.4 血清樣本來源 59
3.5 酵素結合免疫吸附法理想試驗條件測試 60
3.6 酵素結合免疫吸附法抗體檢測 61
3.7 統計分析 63
第四節 結果 64
第五節 討論 73
參考文獻 75
附錄 84
試藥之製備方法 84
血清樣本原始資料 8
Channel Morphological Evolution in Mud Rock Area of River Erhjen Upstream
No full text二仁溪流經臺灣西南部泥岩分布區，呈現惡地地形及曲流地形。本研究欲找出二仁溪中上游河道之變遷位置及類型，與河岸邊坡後退特徵；另一方面觀察一人工平台上之小型河道（紋溝）的地形地貌特徵，並觀察其在水力作用下的侵蝕或堆積現象，以歸納出其發育模式，藉以瞭解泥岩的紋溝與河道變遷特徵。
套疊分析第一、三、四版1/5000的像片基本圖，歸納出研究區河道變化類型包括：頸切斷、流槽切斷、向外擴張、河彎向下游移動與轉動，以及特殊的向內縮減現象。其中以曲流切斷現象最能顯現26年間的河道變化。頸切斷最大變化規模可達335 m，但研究區中多數頸切斷發生的原因極有可能是道路工程所致，或魚池開挖所影響。以坡腳侵蝕方式導致河岸邊坡逐漸後退之河道向外側擴張，其量最大可達30 m（26年期間），選取其中91個地點之平均值達18 m（26年），約等於平均每年向外側擴張0.7 m。曲流切斷之分布因曲流河段多分布在古亭坑層，尤其在古亭坑背斜的西翼支流崧子腳溪上游較密集分布，應與地層之高傾角有關。此外崧子腳溪上游之河道向外擴張方向與地層傾向一致，其他地方則關連性不大。
對於小型河道的觀測上，以現地觀察、野外降雨模擬試驗、沖水試驗，及沖蝕針剖面觀測進行。歸納出小型河道的發育模式可分為四階段：1.初始階段，主要受到降雨及漫地流之侵蝕，溝內物質由下游往上游呈團塊崩落，形成向源侵蝕的加長狀態。2.侵蝕營力以流水為主的小型河道。3.側蝕現象明顯的曲流河段。4.下游水量匯聚更多，面臨平台階地崖，高度急遽下落，坡度遽增，在下游處產生V形深谷。其中曲流河段的側蝕以坡腳侵蝕為主，與二仁溪河道現象上能互相印證。This study focuses on the understating of morphological characteristics and evolutionary model in the mud rock area, southern Taiwan. According to the archive map analysis, comparison of channel evolution is mapped. Rill erosion and deposition is also observed during field experiments. The channel evolution and development of rill of mud rock are studied. The main research area is at the upstream area of River Erhjen.
The results show that it is useful to identify channel evolution by using historical map. According to the photo maps of 1976, 1988 and 2002, there are several types of morphological changing, including neck cutoffs, chute cutoffs, migration and rotation. The biggest neck cutoff is about 335 m in length. However there are several neck cutoffs in the study area are caused by land use change by human activities.
From the field survey, field rainfall simulations and monitoring of erosion pins, this study demonstrates the way of channel erosion. The biggest of slope retreatment is about 30 m within 26 years studying periods.第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究動機與目的……………………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究區概述…………………………………………………………… 3
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………………16
第一節 河流作用與河道變遷的相關理論……………………………………16
第二節 泥岩惡地的特性……………………………………………………26
第三節 二仁溪地形的相關研究………………………………………………31
第三章 研究方法……………………………………………………35
第一節 研究架構與流程………………………………………………………35
第二節 室內作業—地圖分析…………………………………………………37
第三節 野外觀測………………………………………………………………42
第四章 研究結果與討論……………………………………………49
第一節 室內作業—地圖分析…………………………………………………49
第二節 野外觀測………………………………………………………………67
第五章 結論與建議…………………………………………………84
第一節 結論……………………………………………………………………84
第二節 後續研究………………………………………………………………86
參考文獻………………………………………………………………87
附錄……………………………………………………………………91
附錄一 本研究所採用之像片基本圖版次及年代……………………………91
附錄二 研究區各圖幅河道清繪成果…………………………………………9
“Entrepreneurial University” and High-Tech Regional Development: National Chiao Tung University in the Promotion of “Taiwan Knowledge-Based Economy Park”
No full text本研究關注企業型大學崛起成為一個主動的行動者，對於以成長為導向的高科技地域治理所造成的改變。由於專利權與研發能力的價值，增強了產學合作的大學從私部門得到的財務支持，但基於各地有不同的政經社會情況，各大學採取趨異的 (divergent) 路徑去達成其目標。在臺灣，昔日以新竹科學園區而聞名的新竹地區，近年來，其地方成長聯盟推動許多再發展計劃，企圖打造一個文化科技城，吸引許多國立大學相繼於此設立第二校區。其中，尤以交通大學最能展現企業型大學的特徵：在研究和教學之外，將改善區域或國家的經濟表現視為大學的財務利益，並強調產官學合作帶來的創新效能。交通大學利用他與科學園區廠商的關係網絡，積極與地方政府合作，參與大規模的土地開發計劃，承諾協助引入廠商投資。故本文擇取交大與新竹縣政府合作推動之「臺灣知識經濟旗艦園區」為研究個案，檢視來自地方化的變數或是國家 (中央級政府) 的政策決議如何增強或削弱「企業型大學」與高科技地域地方成長聯盟結盟的誘因，從而締造了「企業型大學」介入高科技地域發展的嶄新經驗。This research examines the rise of “entrepreneurial university” as an active agent for pro-growth high-tech regional governance and the resultant changes. Patent rights and value generation from R&D strengthen the financial support to assist collaboration between the private sector and the university. Due to dissimilar social, economic and political conditions in each setting, each university follows divergent paths to achieve such goals. The famous Hsinchu Science Park in the Hsinchu region recently observed the rise of multiple development projects pushed forward by its local growth coalition. The objective is to create a high-tech city with cultural attributes, thus attracting many universities to establish their second campuses on this site. National Chiao Tung University offers the best case of an “entrepreneurial university” here. Besides its mandate in teaching and research, the university regards economic gains from regional or national development as financial benefits of its own. Also, the university stresses much on innovation products developed from inter-collaborations between it, the governmental and industrial sectors. Capitalizing on network linkages with the Hsinchu Science Park industries, the university commits to solicit investments from them to large-scale land development projects it currently collaborates with the local government. Within this context, this research focuses on the case of “Taiwan Knowledge-Based Economy Park” of which National Chiao Tung University and Hsinchu county government are active agents. This research aims at examining variants of policy decisions from local or central governments which might strengthen or weaken incentives on collaboration between “entrepreneurial university” and the local growth coalition. The role that “entrepreneurial university” plays in high-tech regional development is an illuminating experience for all.口試委員會審定書 i辭 ii文摘要 iii文摘要 iv一章 緒論 1一節 研究動機與目的 1二節 文獻回顧 3三節 交通大學作為「企業型」大學的特徵與研究個案的特殊性 9四節 研究設計 12二章 新竹作為高科技地域的空間發展脈絡 17一節 高科技地域的發展與新竹科學城的想像 17二節 軸線翻轉？竹北的崛起與發展 20三節 不同資源的媒合：高科技大學城開發計劃 22三章 璞玉計劃的擬議與變遷 29一節 璞玉計劃的擬議 30二節 璞玉計劃的推動 42三節 一線生機？台灣知識經濟旗艦園區的浮現 49四章 檢視「企業化」大學介入高科技地域發展的新模式 59一節 新使命任務：區域發展與大學的財務自償 59二節 高科技地域產官學的互動關係 70三節 校內對於新校區開拓與產學合作認知上的歧異 75五章 結論與研究發現 79考文獻 8
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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