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Root Surface Split: Tooth Position, Clinical Characteristics, Predisposing Factors and Treatment Outcome
No full text牙根表面撕裂(root surface split)包括牙骨質撕裂(cemental tear)與牙骨質牙本質撕裂(cementodentinal tear)，臨床病例很罕見，因此在疾病的診斷及治療上往往仍停留在個別醫師之經驗法則。若從年齡增長所可能對牙周組織的成份及結構之影響來看，甚多學者均認為臨床實際的發生率可能遠高於目前的認知，造成臨床診斷率偏低最主要是因為牙根表面撕裂屬於一種特殊型態的牙根表面分裂，臨床上也會出現包括慢性牙周炎、瘻管或慢性根尖周圍炎等症狀而容易與牙周或根管方面的其他疾病混淆而誤診，因此在此動機下，希望透過有系統的收集牙根表面撕裂之相關資料後加以整理及分析，同時針對各種治療方法的預後進行評估，所得到的分析結果冀能增加臨床醫師對牙根表面撕裂的瞭解，進而提高診斷的正確率與治療的成功率。本回溯性報告是屬於多院區的臨床研究，自1987年起至2008年止分別自台大醫院牙髓病科、台北長庚紀念醫院牙科部、天主教耕莘醫院牙科部、彰化秀傳紀念醫院牙科部以及高雄長庚紀念醫院牙科部等院區收集樣本，共累計71例經直接檢視法或活體檢查法證實為牙根表面撕裂的分析樣本後，針對包括：性別、年齡、全身病史、牙位、主訴、臨床症狀、臨床檢查結果、放射線檢查結果、探測式手術檢查結果、活體檢查結果、以及治療的方法與預後等因子加以分析，以探討與牙根表面撕裂相關的各變項之影響程度。在單變項分析方面發現：牙周膿腫，牙周囊袋，牙周骨缺損，根尖骨缺損，斷片垂直位置，斷片形狀是顯著的臨床特性。而性別，年齡，牙位，咬耗是導致牙根表面撕裂的顯著致病因子。在全部分析樣本的相關性分析結果顯示：性別與斷片寬、性別與治療方法、年齡與咬耗、年齡與斷片位置(II)、年齡與竇管、牙位與斷片長、牙位與斷片位置(II)、牙位與正確診斷、斷片位置(II) 與斷片形狀、X光片上發現斷片與否與正確診斷共10組雙變項之間有顯著相關性存在。針對33例接受手術及非手術治療的研究樣本之羅吉斯迴歸分析的結果發現：(1) 斷片撕裂的垂直位置是預測治療結果的最重要因子，其次是治療方法；(2) 位在根尖1/3的的斷片治療結果成功率最低；(3) 手術治療的治療結果成功率比非手術治療高。在臨床的治療結果方面，當以改善臨床症狀及恢復牙齒功能視為臨床成功，則有93.9%的病例在治療後得到改善。因此，若能增加對牙根表面撕裂的瞭解，應可提高臨床診斷的正確率，使臨床醫師得以及早診斷出牙根表面撕裂並適時以手術治療介入，以提高牙齒保存的成功率。The differential diagnosis of root surface split was difficult even after an exhaustive history taking and comprehensive clinical and radiographic examinations. However, research which had empirically documented in etiology and clinical characteristics of root surface split was scant. Therefore, the objective of the NTU Root Surface Split Study project attempted to assess clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and treatment outcome of the tooth with root surface split. All of the 71 root surface split teeth, 10 were diagnosed by direct inspection on extracted tooth; 61 were diagnosed by histopathological examination. During which descriptive statistic, univariate analysis, bivariable analysis and logistic analysis were performed. Of the 71 teeth studied, 38 (53.5%) were extracted and were excluded. The remaining 33 teeth (46.5%) were examined for treatment outcome of healed, questioned or failed. Evidently, the results from univariate analysis revealed that thirteen variables of clinical characteristics were associated with the root surface split and ten variables of predisposing factors, which thus confirmed the variables, including swelling, periodontal bony destruction, periapical bony destruction, apicocoronal location, fragment shape, and separation mode, as the main clinical characteristics on the tooth with root surface split; as well as the variables, including gender, age, tooth type, and attrition, as the predominant predisposing factors on the tooth with root surface split. The results from bivariate analysis of the 71 study samples revealed statistically significant differences in gender, associated with separated fragment width, and treatment technique; in age, associated with sinus tract, attrition, and apicocoronal location; in tooth type, associated with separated fragment length, apicocoronal location, and initial diagnosis accuracy; in radiopaque image, associated with initial diagnosis accuracy; in apicocoronal location, associated with separated fragment shape. Additive bivariable analysis on the 33 examined subsamples of teeth revealed statistically significant differences in treatment outcome, associated with separated fragment length and apicocoronal location as significance level interpreted at the 0.05; besides, with treatment technique as significance level interpreted at the 0.1. Logistic regression analysis identified significant outcome predictors: (1) apicocoronal location of the separated fragment on apical 1/3 (odds ratio [OR], 0.083; confidence interval [CI], -5.227─0.257) and on middle 1/3 (OR, 1.333; CI, -1.752 – 2.328), and (2) treatment technique (OR, 0.2; CI, -3.41 – 0.192). Treatment outcome was better in tooth which separated root fragment was located on middle 1/3 than on apical 1/3. Although, treatment technique was suggested as an outcome predictor in tooth with root surface split, it should be required confirmation from randomized controlled trials. Consequently, for obtaining enormous amount of empirical evidence to allow assessment with better power, continuation of the project in cumulating data would be necessary
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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