1,721,077 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Engineering cytokinin-related genes to enhance cytokinin level and using RNA interference-based gene silencing of CASBENE SYNTHASE 1 for seed detoxification in Jatropha curcas L.
No full text由於痲瘋樹種子含油量高且為非食用作物，故近來成為熱門的能源作物，但痲瘋樹仍有些缺點阻礙其邁向生質柴油產業化發展，例如種子產量低以及全株有毒，使之榨油後的餅粕無法再利用製造動物飼料。前人研究指出透過外加細胞分裂素於痲瘋樹花序上能促進細胞分裂，使花朵數目增加進而使種子產量提升；也有研究指出細胞分裂素生合成的關鍵酵素—異戊烯基轉移酶 ( isopentenyltransferase，IPT)，以及將細胞分裂素降解之酵素—細胞分裂素氧化酶 (cytokinin oxidase，CKX) 為主要影響植物中細胞分裂素含量之酵素，並且影響植物之種子產量。由於利用外加細胞分裂素提升痲瘋樹產量會使生產成本過高，因此本研究目標為利用基因轉殖的方式提高痲瘋樹內生細胞分裂素含量，進而改善其產量。本研究首先施加人工生合成的細胞分裂素— 6-benzyladenine 於痲瘋樹花序上，證明細胞分裂素會影響痲瘋樹產量後，進一步去探討JcIPTs及JcCKXs在痲瘋樹各器官之表現情形，作為構築載體之基準。根據JcIPTs及JcCKXs表現量分析，構築了JcCKX5-RNAi和35S::JcIPT1兩種載體，利用農桿菌轉殖法送入痲瘋樹，並且突破了研究室先前轉殖株發根及馴化之瓶頸，目前35S::JcIPT1轉殖株系15之JcIPT1表現量高於轉殖空載體之痲瘋樹將近五倍，35S::JcIPT1轉殖不定芽之株系1內生細胞分裂素高於轉殖空載體之痲瘋樹近九倍，可知本研究構築之35S::JcIPT1載體轉殖入痲瘋樹後可在痲瘋樹中大量表現，提高細胞分裂素含量。另外為了去除痲瘋樹內生性毒素，使其榨油後之餅粕可再利用作為動物飼料，提升其經濟價植，本研究也探討痲瘋樹主要毒素佛波酯 (phorbol ester) 之生合成酵素蓖麻烯合成酶 (casbene synthase，CAS) 在營養器官及不同階段果實的基因表現情形，JcCAS1主要表現在根及萌發中種子表現，不會在葉片中表現，並且隨著果實成熟，JcCAS1表現量隨之提升，進而構築JcCAS1-RNAi之載體進行轉殖，期望能得到無毒之痲瘋樹轉殖品系，目前已有兩株轉殖株，生長狀態良好。Jatropha curcas L. is one of the best candidates for biodiesel production owing to high oil content of seeds. However, there are several disadvantages, such as low seed yields and phorbol esters toxicity of seed cake for feedstuff use. Previous studies indicated that cytokinin spraying was able to promote cell division, repressed apical dominance and led to increase seed yield of J. curcas. Our preliminary study revealed that exogenous application of 6-benzyladenine on inflorescence caused phenotypical changes of numerous flowers and higher seed yield. Previous studies have shown that ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE and CYTOKININ OXIDASE were two genes playing the major roles in controlling endogenous cytokinin level and seed yield in plants. In order to increase endogenous cytokinin level in J. curcas, we have constructed CKX5-RNAi and 35S::JcIPT1 vectors based on the spatial expression profile of JcIPTs and JcCKXs and transformed to J. curcas mediated by A. tumefaciens. Data revealed the JcIPT1 expression level in 35S::JcIPT1 transgenic line 15 is much higher than empty-vector transformed J. curcas. The 35S::JcIPT1 transgenic line 1 has higher cytokinin level than empty-vector transformed J. curcas. In parallel, the seed detoxification by engineering JcCAS1-RNAi is in progress. Casbene synthases (CASs) catalyze the first step of phorbol ester (PE) biosynthesis. PEs are the main toxic compounds in J. curcas. Our spatial expression profile of JcCAS1 indicated that JcCAS1 had higher expression level in roots and germination seeds but did not express in leaves. The expression level of JcCAS1 increased towards fruit maturity. Thus far two transgenic lines were obtained.口試委員審定書………………………………………………………………………....i
誌謝……………………………………………………………………………………...ii
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………..iii
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………….……iv
檢索表………………………………………………………………………………….v
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………...1
圖表目錄………………………………………………………………………………3
附圖表目錄……………………………………………………………………………4
第一章 前言
第一節 痲瘋樹生物特性介紹…………………………………………………….5
第二節 生質能源之開發與潛力……………………………………………….6
第三節 痲瘋樹之基因轉殖……………………………………………………….8
第四節 細胞分裂素 (Cytokinins) 之生合成調控機制………………………...11
第五節 痲瘋樹中主要毒素佛波酯……………….……………………………..13
第六節 本論文研究方向……………………………………………….…...14
第二章 材料與方法
第一節 痲瘋樹處理BA (6-benzyladenine)……………………………………...16
第二節 載體的構築…………….......……………………………………………16
第三節 痲瘋樹再生系統效率之提升……………………..……………………27
第四節 轉殖系統流程…………………………………………………………...29
第五節 轉殖株鑑定及基因表現量分析………………….…………….……...31
第六節 痲瘋樹內生性細胞分裂素含量檢測…………...………………………38
第七節 痲瘋樹佛波酯之含量分析…………………………………………...…40
第三章 結果
第一部分 分析細胞分裂素影響痲瘋樹影響產量之調控機制
第一節 外加細胞分裂素對於痲瘋樹產量之影響……………….…………..…42
第二節 細胞分裂素相關基因在痲瘋樹不同器官表現情形..…..….……….….43
第三節 含細胞分裂素相關基因之載體的構築………………………….…...44
第四節 提升痲瘋樹轉殖系統之效率…………………….....……………….….45
第五節 提升痲瘋樹轉殖株再生之效率…………………………….…………..46
第六節 痲瘋樹轉植株之馴化與定植…………………………………………...48
第七節 痲瘋樹轉殖不定芽及轉殖株初步鑑定…………….………………...48
第八節 痲瘋樹轉殖不定芽細胞分裂素含量.…………………………………..49
第二部分 移除痲瘋樹內生性之毒素佛波酯
第九節 種子中佛波酯含量……………………………………………………...50
第十節 佛波酯生合成基因在痲瘋樹器官之表現情形……………………….. 50
第十一節 構築降低蓖麻烯合成酶基因表現之載體及鑑定…….…….....…..51
第十二節 痲瘋樹轉殖現況……………………………………………………...51
第四章 討論
第一節 載體中啟動子之選擇………………………………………………...52
第二節 痲瘋樹轉殖株發根測試…………………………..………...………...52
第三節 痲瘋樹中佛波酯之生合成…………...…………………………………55
第四節 未來展望………………………………………………………………...56
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………….…57
圖表…………………………………………………………………………………….63
附圖表………………………………………………………………………………….84
圖表目錄
圖一、施加BA後痲瘋樹生殖生長之形態……………….…...……..…………63
圖二、痲瘋樹不同器官中JcIPTs基因表現量分析.……………………………….64
圖三、阿拉伯芥AtIPT1及痲瘋樹JcIPT1胺基酸編碼比對………………………...65
圖四、痲瘋樹不同器官中JcCKXs基因表現量分析……….....………..….……….66
圖五、痲瘋樹四種JcCKX基因 (1、3、4及5) 之核苷酸編碼比對………………..67
圖六、35S::JcIPT1載體構築示意圖………………………………………………….68
圖七、JcCKX5-RNAi載體構築示意圖………………………..…….…………….69
圖八、痲瘋樹子葉經轉殖後在抗生素培養基中不同篩選時間的比較…….……70
圖九、痲瘋樹再生組織培養流程圖………...…………………………………………71
圖十、痲瘋樹轉植株根系外觀……………………………….…………………….....72
圖十一、痲瘋樹轉殖不定芽之鑑定………………………………………..………….73
圖十二、35S::JcIPT1痲瘋樹轉殖株之鑑定及基因表現量分析……………………..74
圖十三、痲瘋樹轉殖不定芽之細胞分裂素含量的濃度分析………………………..75
圖十四、痲瘋樹營養器官中蓖麻烯合成酶基因表現量分析……………………......76
圖十五、痲瘋樹不同階段果實中蓖麻烯合成酶基因表現量分析………………..77
圖十六、痲瘋樹五種JcCAS基因 (1-5) 之核苷酸編碼比對…….……………….78
圖十七、JcCAS1-RNAi載體構築示意圖…………………………………………….79
圖十八、JcCAS1-RNAi痲瘋樹轉殖株之鑑定…………..…………………………80
表一、不同比例賀爾蒙誘導根之能力……………………………………………….81
表二、不同誘導發根培養基之發根率及誘導時間…………………………………..82
表三、不同品種痲瘋樹種仁之佛波酯含量………………………………………….83
附圖表目錄
附圖一、痲瘋樹外觀…………………………………………………………………84
附圖二、植物體內細胞分裂素生合成途徑………………………………………….85
附圖三、植物體內雙萜類生合成途徑……………………………………………….86
附圖四、植物體內佛波酯生合成途徑………………………………………………..87
附圖五、痲瘋樹之基因轉殖流程示意圖……………………………………………..88
附圖六、pCR™8/GW/TOPOR 載體………………………………………………...89
附圖七、pK7GWIWG (I) 載體……………………………………………….……....90
附圖八、pCAMBIA 2300 載體………………………………………………………..91
附表一、不同比例賀爾蒙誘導子葉癒傷組織、不定芽及莖延長之能力…………..92
附表二、再生系統與轉殖系統所使用之培養基統整…………………...………..…..93
附表三、痲瘋樹有毒品種及無毒品種中有毒物質含量比較………………………..94
附表四、本研究所使用之引子序列總整理…………………………………………9
Computer-aided Quantitative Assessment of Knee Articular Cartilage Using Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
No full text膝蓋退化性關節炎是年長者中最常見的關節炎疾病，會造成膝蓋疼痛、腫脹以及大大的降低病人的活動範圍。臨床診斷上，膝蓋軟骨的變異時常是退化性關節炎的主要因素。目前雖然X光是最常用來診斷退化性關節炎的工具，但其中也存在了許多限制以及X光診斷無法獲得足夠有關於膝軟骨的資訊。但是超音波卻可以輕易地對膝軟骨的厚度做量化計算，並透過評估軟骨附近的軟組織來判斷是否有發炎狀態，發炎可以視為是膝蓋退化性關節炎的前期徵兆。因此，這篇論文提出了一套應用於骨骼肌肉超音波並可自動偵測膝關節軟骨厚度的電腦輔助量化評估系統，此系統包含了對膝軟骨區域的全自動切割、更完善地找出膝軟骨上下邊界的處理，以及在膝軟骨區域的上下邊界間做精準的厚度量測，以協助骨科醫師評估病患膝軟骨的完善程度以及膝蓋退化性關節炎的嚴重程度。在量化評估系統的精確度及可靠度驗證中，共使用了67張影像進行測試與驗證，分別來自11個男性及6個女性病患。測試方法通過驗證比較系統自動產出的量化結果及骨科醫師所量測的正確結果，得知系統在厚度上的量測可達到83.69%的準確率，在量測點上的定位僅有0.842mm的誤差。因此，根據實驗結果，此系統對骨骼肌肉超音波之膝關節軟骨提供了可靠及穩定的軟骨厚度量測結果，並可如預期地克服了一些X光及超音波先天上的限制。Knee osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis in the elderly, which causes knee pain, swelling, joint movement restriction to patients. Cartilage abnormalities are primary features of osteoarthritis. Although X-ray is the most common radiological examination for diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis, the radiographic diagnosis has limitations and few information of cartilage condition. Musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) is a useful technique to quantify the cartilage thickness and detect inflammation in the knee joint by evaluating the cartilage periarticular soft tissue, and inflammation was considered contribute to the progression of knee osteoarthritis. In this study, we proposed an automatic computer-aided quantitative assessment system for thickness measurement of knee cartilage in the US image. In the proposed system, cartilage area segmentation was presented to extract the cartilage area, and the boundary delineation was used to automatically detect and refine the upper and lower boundaries of knee cartilage. Then, thickness measurement was performed to measure the distance between the upper and lower boundaries of the cartilage area. In the experiment, the proposed assessment system was tested with a dataset of 67 cases, and the overall accuracy of thickness measurement achieved 83.69%. Also, the target position located by the proposed system had the overall mean difference of 0.842 mm by comparing to the ground truth measured by orthopedist. In conclusion, based on the experiment result, our system has ability to provide a confident and reliable thickness measurement of knee cartilage in musculoskeletal US, and to overcome the limitations of X-ray and ultrasound
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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