1,720,960 research outputs found
Hybrid Modeling of the Reversed‐Phase Chromatographic Purification of an Oligonucleotide: Few‐Shot Learning From Differentiable Physics Solver‐in‐the‐Loop
Full text linkHybrid models integrate mechanistic and data-driven components, effectively addressing the challenges of limited process understanding and data availability typical of biopharmaceutical processes. In this study, we applied a hybrid modeling framework named differentiable physics solver-in-the-loop (DP-SOL) to describe the reversed-phase chromatographic purification of an oligonucleotide, overcoming the mentioned limitations of purely mechanistic and data-driven models. The framework establishes a connection between neural networks (NNs) and mechanistic models through differentiable physical operators and their gradients. We first collected a data set comprising six linear gradient elution experiments at different resin loadings and gradient slopes, split in three experiments each for training and testing, for few-shot learning. The hyperparameters were determined through a grid search, resulting in a NN with two hidden layers and 14 nodes. Compared to a calibrated mechanistic model used for initialization of NN, the DP-SOL hybrid model showed significant performance improvement on both training and testing sets, with (Formula presented.) 0.97 for the former. The good predictivity of DP-SOL is attributed to the combination of mechanistic models and NNs at the solver level. As a novel and versatile hybrid modeling paradigm, DP-SOL has the potential to significantly impact modeling approaches in the downstream processing field and the broader biopharmaceutical sector
Molecular insight into protein binding orientations and interaction modes on hydrophobic charge-induction resin
No full textHydrophobic charge-induction chromatography (HCIC) with 4-mercaptoethyl-pyridine (MEP) as the functional ligand has been developed as a new technology for antibody purification. In the present work, molecular simulation methods were developed to investigate the interactions between the Fc fragment of IgG and a MEP ligand net. The MM/PBSA method was used to evaluate the binding energy for the MEP ligand net at different densities. It was found that ligand density had significant influence on the binding of Fc. Potential binding conformations were further analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation. It was found that the interaction between Fc and MEP ligand net is driven by self-adaptive conformation adjustment and multiple-site binding. Hydrophobic forces dominate the binding interaction, which appeared as the results of synergistic actions of binding sites located on CH2, CH3, and the consensus binding site (CBS) of the Fc fragment. At acidic pH, the electrostatic repulsion between the basic residues and the protonated pyridine ring group on MEP ligands is the main driving force for the detachment of the Fc fragment from the MEP net
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Underground space utilisation and new town development: Experiences, lessons and implications
No full textIn the urbanisation process of the past few decades, the use of urban underground space (UUS) has contributed to new town developments in many cities in the world. This offers an opportunity to map out and systematically describe the potential contributions of UUS for transport, land use, economic, environmental and social development in new towns for planners, designers and policy-makers to consider. This review synthesises key papers on UUS utilisation and new town development. It indicates that the requirements of intensive use of land resources, accessibility reasons, avoidance of urban problems experienced in old cities, cultural and modernity considerations, and the goal of building smart, low-carbon and sustainable cities drive UUS utilisation in new developments. Underground spaces have been developed in new towns in various forms, with subway, underground parking facilities and underground utility infrastructure being the more prevalent forms of UUS utilisation, and UUS utilisation in new towns varying in scale. UUS utilisation for new developments may confront many challenges related to various issues: relationships between new towns and old city centres; compact and high-density urban forms; transit accessibility; awareness of the significance of UUS; balance between market forces and government intervention; coordination of development; full utilisation of UUS resources; and decision-making support. Existing practices used in UUS development provide lessons from which to learn.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Geo-engineerin
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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