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Isolation and Strain Techniques for SiGe Power Amplifiers
No full text在本論文中，我們將介紹幾種用於雙功率放大器間的隔離技術，再者將介紹經由外加雙軸機械應力而造成矽鍺異質接面電晶體電路的遷移率增加效應還有外加應力時所使用的設備及機構，最後我們將使用可調整式的匹配電路來解決因為外加應力時由於直流電流增加所造成的阻抗偏移效應。對於雙功率放大器隔離度設計而言，其第一次的雷射切割後等效的耦合效應量為-27.2 dB、第二次雷射切割後為-29.25 dB、其只開啟上部功率放大器、上下部同時開啟及下部功率放大器大於上部10dBm時的第一次的雷射切割後EVM分別為：11.4 dBm、8.9 dBm、及7.8 dBm，而第二次的雷射切割後EVM分別為：15 dBm、13.9 dBm及9.8 dBm。其只開啟上半部功率放大器時，18.6 dB的線性增益、25.3 dBm的1dB壓縮點功率及16.7 ％的壓縮點增加效益。在外加機械應力設計方面雖然在量測結果方面沒有很理想，但是阻抗偏移效應也提供了將來設計方面的一些方向，最後希望利用可調整式匹配電路架構用以解決阻抗偏移效應。In this thesis, we will introduce several isolation technologies for dual power amplifiers, then we will introduce the mobility increase effect by applying external biaxial mechanical strained HBT power amplifier circuit and the strain mechanism and setup. Finally we use the tunable matching network to solve the impedance shift effect due to the increase dc current. For the isolation of dual power amplifiers, the amount of equivalent coupling effect at 2.45GHz before laser cut is -24.7dB, first laser cut is -27.2dB and second laser cut is -29.25dB. The EVM at 3% criterion after first laser cut of standalone condition is 11.4 dBm, equal power is 8.9 dBm and 10dB interference from down-PA is 7.8 dBm. After second laser cut of standalone is 15 dBm, equal power is 13.9 dBm and 10dB interference from down-PA is 9.8 dBm. The small signal gain, P1dB, and PAE at P1dB are 18.6dB, 25.3dBm and 16.7%, respectively.Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Motivation 3
1.3 Thises Outline 4
Chapter 2 Isolation Techniques and Improvement of Gain Expansion for Dual Power Amplifiers
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Design of the 802.11n Power Amplifier 7
2.2.1 Circuit Design 7
2.2.2 Bias Circuit with Temperature Compensation 8
2.2.3 Matching Network Design 9
2.2.4 λ/4 Transmission Line 11
2.2.5 Circuit Layout and Isolation Technology 12
2.2.6 Wire Bonding Diagram and complete photo of PA Module15
2.2.7 Improvement of Gain Expansion 16
2.3 Measurement Results 18
2.3.1 CW Measurement Results of a single PA 18
2.3.2 Small Signal Coupling Effects on S-parameter 21
2.3.3 Large Signal coupling on EVM 25
2.3.4 Conclusion 27
References 29
Chapter 3 2.45GHz WLAN SiGe Power Amplifier With Strained Technology and Temperature Compensation
3.1 Introduction 30
3.2 Design of the Power Amplifier 31
3.2.1 Circuit Design Flow 32
3.2.2 Diagram of Circuit Layout 33
3.3 Mechanically Strained of SiGe HBT 34
3.3.1 Theory of Strained SiGe HBTs 36
3.4 Simulation for Strained SiGe Power Amplifier 39
3.5 Measurement Method and Measurement results 42
3.5.1 Measurement Consideration 43
3.5.2 Measurement Results 43
3.6 Conclusion 48
Reference 49
Chapter 4 2.45GHz WLAN SiGe Power Amplifier with Strained Technology and Tunable Matching Network with Varactor
4.1 Introduction 50
4.2 Circuit Design 50
4.2.1 Design of the Power Amplifier 50
4.2.2 Design of the Varactor 53
4.2.3 Diagram of Circuit Layout 54
4.3 Simulation Results 55
4.4 Measurement Method and Measurement Results 59
4.5 Conclusion 60
Chapter 5 Summary and Future Work
5.1 Summary 61
5.2 Future Work 6
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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