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Multi-period Inventory Model of Substitutable Maintenance Spares Parts
No full text隨著近年來消費者意識抬頭與顧客滿意度要求提升，企業面臨的競爭壓力也隨之攀升，使得傳統由製造端到消費端單向的正向物流服務、產品價格競爭等競爭策略已經無法滿足消費者的需求，亦無法成為廠商的競爭優勢。相對的，消費者對於產品售後服務日益重視，促使良好的產品售後服務成為企業在激烈競爭中勝出的另一關鍵。 在眾多的售後服務契約裡，業界中常見的是提供消費者保固維修契約，這些保固維修契約往往是顧客決定是否購買產品的主要因素，另外，在許多產業中，其產品間某種程度上具有可相互替代之特性，因此，若企業能在提供保固維修服務時，納入產品間可相互替代之考量，不僅可減少維修備品缺貨的情況，縮短顧客等待時間，企業亦可提供成本更低的維修服務。 基此，本研究參考學者對於保固維修服務契約與需求替代之相關研究，結合台灣個人電腦產業商業模式與保固維修服務運作系統，以維修商成本極小化的觀點，建立一成本極小化之多期可替代維修備品存貨線性規劃模型，利用系統化的方式決定各維修備品間的替代組合與替代數量，並分析在面對不同的維修備品需求型態與品牌商供應限制型態之情境下，維修商採用維修備品替代方式可獲得之利益，以及維修商在替代模式下之總成本、替代數量與替代成本的變動。此外，考量到市場具有不確定性，本研究亦建構一滾動規劃下最佳訂購時機決策模型，說明維修商如何在滾動規劃排程下，決定最佳訂購時機。 根據實驗分析結果，維修備品間之替代確實可替維修商節省總成本與待補訂單成本，且在波動型需求與緊縮型供應型態之情境下，維修商採用備品替代可節省最多的總成本。而在需求波動較小且供應限制型態較寬鬆時，維修商在替代模式下之總成本、替代數量與替代成本為最低。After sales services is getting more and more important. Companies would face more competitive pressure as customer have started to value not only products itself but also after sales service, which also implies that after sales service have became a key factor to help companies get out of competition. This made companies cannot simply use traditional strategy like price competitive strategy to satisfy customer’s needs and further to form a competitive advantage. Therefore, companies have to make effort in finding out new ways to satisfy customer’s needs with competitive cost structure. Among all after sales contracts, the most common contract type in business world is the warranty and maintenance contracts which play a important role when customers choosing products. There is a way for maintenance service provider to cut down on the inventory costs and to reduce stock-out rate, which is exerting the product substitution on providing maintenance service. Thus, my study referred to not only related research of product substitution and warranty service contracts but also the maintenance practice of personal computer industry in Taiwan, to build a multi-period inventory model of substitutable maintenance spares parts, which minimize total costs of maintenance service providers. The study shows that how this model can benefit maintenance service providers by systematically deciding which type of maintenance spares parts can be substituted and the volumes of substitution. Besides, experiment analysis is used in the study to know how a demand pattern of spare parts and a limit purchase amount that maintenance service providers faced will affect substitution volume, the best substitutable spare parts bundle and the total cost of maintenance service providers. The study also builds a rolling schedule model based on the above-mentioned model to deal with market uncertainty issue. According to the analysis result, using downward substitution to spare parts can really save total cost and backorder cost, in particular under the circumstances that demand pattern of spare parts has higher variation and maintenance service providers have a limited purchase amount in warranty contract.目錄詞 i文摘要 iiibstract iv錄 vi目錄 ix目錄 ix一章 緒論 1.1 研究背景與動機 1.2 研究目的 3.3 研究範圍與限制 4.4 研究架構 4.5 論文架構 6二章 文獻回顧與探討 8.1 保固契約 8.2 存貨理論 10.2.1 存貨的目的與功能 10.2.2 存貨類型 12.2.3 存貨成本 12.2.4 維修備品存貨 13.3 滾動規劃 15.4 需求替代 17.5 小結 19三章 專業維修商維修備品存貨模型之建立 21.1 產業商業模型介紹 21.1.1 個人電腦產業保固維修模式 21.1.2 個人電腦產業保固維修服務介紹 22.1.3 運用備品替換的維修管理模式 24.2 多期可替代維修備品存貨線性規劃模型建立 26.2.1 模型假設 26.2.2 參數註解 26.2.3 輸入參數說明 26.2.4 決策變數說明 27.2.5 模型說明 27.2.6 單一規劃期間內替代存貨模型 28.3 滾動規劃下之最佳訂購時機決策模型建立 30.3.1 模型假設 30.3.2 參數註解 30.3.3 輸入參數說明 30.3.4 決策變數說明 31.3.5 模型目標式與概念說明 31.2.6 滾動規劃下之最佳訂購時機決策模型 33四章 模型分析 35.1 實驗設計說明 35.1.1 一般參數設計 35.1.2 情境參數設計 36.2 實驗設計結果分析 39.2.1 替代與非替代模式之成本差異分析 39.2.2 替代模式之情境分析 43.3 滾動規劃下最佳訂購時機決策模型範例 46.4 小結 49五章 結論與未來研究方向 50.1 研究結論 50.1.1 本研究結論 50.1.2 研究貢獻 51.2 研究限制 51.3 未來研究方向 51考文獻 5
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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