1,721,108 research outputs found
Analysis of T-wave morphology from the 12-lead electrocardiogram for prediction of long-term prognosis in patients initiating haemodialysis
No full textFactors Affect Attitude toward Child Neglect Identification among Social Workers
No full text近年來，台灣對於兒童保護工作發展已有一定的規模，然而在兒童不當對待的類型中，兒童疏忽的成案量卻遠不及於兒童其他的虐待事件比例（例如身體或精神虐待類型）；而兒童疏忽事件的比例與英美兩國相比較，數據分布的落差相距甚大。台灣的社工對於兒童疏忽事件的判定依據的是何種指標？什麼樣的因素會影響社工對兒童疏忽事件的判定？本研究採用量化研究的典範，調查各縣市政府社會工作員有關於兒童疏忽事件判定的參考架構，探討影響這些社工員在判斷兒童疏忽照顧的相關因素。首先，本研究徵求各縣市政府社會局社會工作科同意提供接受訪談社工員的名單，總人數為397人，再針對這些社工員進行郵寄問卷的調查，最後共獲得232份的有效問卷，回覆率為58.4%。研究的兒童疏忽照顧態度方面，採用的是研究者翻譯自Polansky等人（1978）所設計之兒童照顧水準量表（Childhood Level of Living Scale，簡稱CLL）作為測量工具。本研究發現，這些受訪的社工員中，有育兒經驗者、有婚姻經驗者、工作單位為家防中心者，對於兒童疏忽照顧的態度要求較高，對於兒童疏忽之虞的擔心較高。當控制了社工員的育兒經驗與婚姻經驗之後，社工員的服務單位與督導支持滿意度皆能夠預測社工員兒童疏忽照顧態度的傾向，即家防中心的社工員、督導支持的滿意度較高者對於兒童疏忽照顧態度的要求較高，對於有兒童疏忽之虞的擔心也較高。本研究的發現意涵大致有三：（一）兒童疏忽照顧的態度是可以測量的，也可以作為訓練社工員對於兒童疏忽的照顧事件的敏感度；（二）社工員的督導支持滿意度有助於敏感兒童疏忽照顧事件的判定；（三）兒童疏忽事件的實際介入應加強兒童保護資源的提升，例如增加社工人力與工作資源。In response to a recently increase in child abuse incidence, the child protection services (CPS) has been well developed. However, among the child maltreatment incidences, reported cases of child neglect were far less than physical and emotional abuse cases. When compared to the reporting incidences in the USA and UK, the reporting rate of child neglect incidences was quite marginalized in child maltreatment reports. This study examined what concept of child neglect social workers were based on and what factors predicted the identification of the reporting incidences. Using a quantitative approach, a total of 397 social workers from local governments were sampled to inquire about their attitudes toward child neglect identification, measured by Childhood Level of Living Scale (CLL), developed by Polansky (1978). Finally, 2hundred and thirty-two valid responses were collected, with a response rate of 58.4% Results indicated that social workers with child-rearing and marriage experience, and engaged in CPS work had better sense of childhood level of living and higher awareness of child neglect identification. After controlling for child-rearing and marriage experiences, social workers engaged in CPS work and with higher satisfaction with supervisor’ support had better sense of childhood level of living and higher awareness of child neglect identification. Suggestions were included. (a) Since the concept of child neglect could be measured, it would be feasible to enhance social workers’ sensitivity toward child neglect identification. (b) Since the level of supervisor’s support satisfaction could predict awareness of child neglect identification, it would be feasible to promote supervisor’s support for social workers engaged in CPS. (c) Since lacking of resources was associated with the reluctance to identify child neglect incidence, it would be helpful in increasing the identification of child neglect by increasing social worker manpower and working resources.口試委員會審定書 i 誌 ii一章 緒論 1一節 問題背景 1二節 研究動機與目的 3二章 文獻回顧 6二節 台灣的兒童保護制度 6二節 兒童疏忽之概念 12三節 兒童疏忽的評估方式 18四節 影響社工判斷兒童疏忽的因素 23三章 研究方法 28一節 研究典範的選取 28二節 研究設計 30三節 變項操作定義與測量 32四節 研究對象與抽樣設計 37五節 資料蒐集與分析處理 38六節 研究倫理 41四章 研究結果分析 42一節 受訪者的個人特質與工作環境資料分析 42二節 兒童疏忽照顧態度及兒童疏忽議題調查分析 48三節 影響兒童疏忽照顧態度相關因素之分析 51四節 個人特質、職場經驗和兒童疏忽照顧態度之分析 54五章 結論與建議 56一節 研究發現與討論 56二節 研究限制 59三節 研究建議 60四節 研究方向建議 62考書目 63錄一 兒童生活照顧態度量表各題回答百分比分配 67錄二 研究問卷 7
Analysis of T-wave Morphology for Prediction of Long-term Prognosis in Patients Initiating Hemodialysis
No full text背景­心電圖的T波代表了心室再偏極化的過程，由於心室再偏極化與心律不整是息息相關的，因此在此之前,有許多方法已被用來偵測 T-wave的型態.。T-wave alternans 已被顯示是個有效評估心臟衰竭病人的非侵襲性危險因子評估的工具，但需要運動測試；QT interval dispersion (QTd)被認為是一個評估心電圖心室再極化的多樣性的簡單指標，雖然初期有不錯的結果，但最新的證據顯示QTd缺乏可預測性。近年來，Acar等人已發展一個新的方法去計量心室再極化空間與時間變異，這個方法是基於一個名為單一值分解(singular value decomposition)的數學技術，導程心電圖的八個獨立電極(I, II, V1 to V6)被分解成三個導程的子空間且計算數個新的T波型態的新描述符號，這個新的測量方法中的一些描述符號在最近也被證實可以用來預測心肌梗塞後病人存活的預測指標.。 此外，根據同樣的數學方法，Malik從剩下的五個導程發展出一個名為T-wave residuum(TWR)的參數，且它的預測性更強。這個新的測量方法在最近也被證實可以用來預測嚴重心臟衰竭病人發生致命心室心律不整，因此用這些非侵襲性的方法來評估病人是否有心因猝死的危險是很有臨床意義的。 末期腎衰竭的病人有一半死於心臟血管疾病，但是心電圖的T波型態分析於末期腎衰竭病人臨床意義在文獻中從未被提及, 本研究是一個回溯性追蹤研究，目的在了解剛進入血液透析病人的十二導程心電圖其中的T波波形在做了新的T波型態分析後，其描述符號對這群病人之後的總死亡、心血管死亡與心律不整死亡率的相關性。
方法與結果­本研究收集了於1998年至2005年於恩主公醫院開始血液透析的末期腎衰竭病人，追蹤至2006年9月；總共有336個病人被納入研究，其心電圖中T波用新的T波分析方法來分析。在336位病人當中有159（47.3%）位於追蹤過程中死亡，其平均追蹤時間是25.47+21.5個月。在直接比較心血管死亡與非新血管死亡的病人後發現新的T波描述符號中的relative T-wave residium能預測心血管死亡(0.20+0.20% versus 0.25+0.21%, P=0.003)。在Cox regression模型中，relative T-wave residium是心血管死亡(relative risk [RR]=1.999; P =0.005)與心律不整死亡(RR=2.238; P =0.006)的獨立影響因子。
結論-本研究發現了在心電圖代表了心肌細胞再極化過程中的變異性的Relative T-wave residuum這個描述符號，對於血液透析的末期腎衰竭病人的心血管死亡與心律不整死亡是個獨立的預測因子。Background—Cardiovascular disease remains the most common cause of death in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Different attempts have been made to use the 12-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) for risk stratification of patients prone to cardiac mortality, in particular sudden cardiac death. Recently, novel descriptors of T-wave morphology have been suggested as measures of repolarization heterogeneity and adverse prognosis in nonuremic populations. However, whether these T-wave descriptors provide prognostic information in uremic populations has not been examined. The present study aimed to determine the prognostic value of novel T-wave morphology variables in predicting total, cardiovascular, and arrhythmia-related mortality in ESRD patients initiating hemodialysis.
Methods and Results—The study was a retrospective cohort of adult ESRD patients starting hemodialysis between 1998 and 2005; follow-up was until Sep. 2006. A total of 336 patients were studied. Novel ECG variables characterizing repolarization and the T-wave loop were analyzed. Of 336 patients with technically analyzable data, 159 (47.3%) died after a mean follow-up of 25.47+21.5 months. Direct comparison between cardiovascular death and non-cardiovascular death patients showed that the so-called relative T-wave residium (the relative amount of nondipolar contents within the T wave) predicted cardiovascular mortality (0.20+0.20% versus 0.25+0.21%, P=0.003). In Cox modeling, relative T-wave residium was an independent predictor of cardiovascular (relative risk [RR]=1.999; P =0.005) and arrhythmia-related mortality (RR=2.238; P =0.006).
Conclusions—The heterogeneity of myocardial repolarization, measured by the so-called relative T-wave residuum in the ECG, appears to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular and arrhythmia-related mortality in patients initiating hemodialysis.口試委員會審定書..........................................1
中文摘要……………………………………………………………2
英文摘要…………………………………………….………………..4
目錄………………………………….…………..…………….…..6
圖目錄.…………………………………………………….………....34
圖1說明………………………………………………………………….34
圖1A……………..…………….…………..………………………….35
圖1B………...……………….………………..………………….…35
表目錄..…………………………………………………………………27
表 1......................................................27
表 2......................................................28
表 3......................................................30
表 4......................................................32
引言……..……………...……………….….……..……..........8
研究工具與方法……..………………….……………………........9
病人…..……………………………………………………...……...9
基本資料收集………..…………………………...…………………10
病人的結果………………………………………...…..……………11
QT間隔與QT變異的心電圖分析………….…………………..……12
分析新的T波型態的描述符號.…….……………..…….……………13
統計分析方法…..………………………………………………..15
結果….……………………………………………………….…………15
病人的統計學與追蹤資料………………….………...……..……16
T波分析資料………...…………..…………………………..……17
T波型態傳統，再極化指標與臨床變項的相關性…...………………17
生存分析： Kaplan-Meier 估計法與Cox回歸………………………18
討論…………………………………………………………………..…19
心室再極化非侵襲性的評估與它在預測風險的角色……..…………20
其他T波變相與危險預測……..…………………………….…………23
研究含意與未來方向………….……………………………………..25
研究限制……………………………………..…………………………25
致謝………………………………………………………….…………26
參考文獻..………………………………………………………....3
Study on Surface Treatment of Filter by Nano Structure of ZnO
No full text奈米氧化鋅為一光觸媒且在材料領域上已發展出許多製備技術，而本研究利用已發展成熟之化學氣相沉積法和溶膠凝膠法於濾材上製備不同型態之奈米氧化鋅結構，分別探討氮氣流量、氧氣流量、成長溫度以及燒結時間、燒結溫度、鍍液濃度對於奈米氧化鋅結構的影響。此外，利用經過表面處理後之濾材以紫外光/氧化鋅程序處理氣相丙酮以及大腸桿菌，並評估其最佳之操作條件以及處理效率探討。
根據實驗結果，以化學氣相沉積法在氮氧比6：1、成長溫度在600℃時能產生較理想的六角柱狀氧化鋅，而氮氧比3：1、成長溫度為800℃時能製備出四腳針狀氧化鋅。利用溶膠凝膠法則以濃度0.45M的鍍液配合700℃的燒結溫度和1小時的燒結時間下可製備出圓球形氧化鋅結構，兩者處理丙酮效率以越低濃度、低流速下的處理效率越高，而因圓球形氧化鋅比表面積大於六角柱狀氧化鋅，故整體效率以圓球形氧化鋅高於六角柱狀氧化鋅。大腸桿菌殺菌實驗中，兩者均以越低流速下的處理效率越高，因六角柱狀氧化鋅經激發後產生的電子電洞對多於圓球形氧化鋅，故整體殺菌效率則以六角柱狀氧化鋅優於圓球形氧化鋅。Nano ZnO is one of common used photocatalyst so that there are many manufacturing methods developed in material science and industrial field. In this study, chemical vapor deposition and sol-gel methods were applied to produce different types of nano structure of ZnO to investigate the effect of different factors with the structure characteristics of ZnO, such as growth temperature, flow rate of carrier gas, flow rate of oxygen gas, sintering temperature, concentration of coating solution and sintering time. These surface treatment techniques were applied on stainless steel meshes to manufacture photocatalyst gas filters coated with nano structure of ZnO. A series of UV/ZnO experiments applying these photocatalyst gas filters were executed to evaluate the decomposing capability to acetone and disinfection ability to E. coli. The influence of operating factors on the treatment efficiencies and the optimum operating parameters were also investigated.
According to the results of chemical vapor deposition method in this study, the hexagonal-shaped ZnO crystal will form under the condition of N2/O2 ratio 6：1, growth temperature 600℃, and whiskers will form under the N2/O2 ratio 3：1, growth temperature 800℃. By sol-gel method, circular-shaped ZnO can be grown under the initial Zinc Acetate dihydrate concentration 0.45 M, sintering temperature 700℃, sintering time one hour. The photocatalyst decomposition efficiency of acetone was elevated with lower flow rate and lower initial concentration of acetone by both these two kinds of nano structure of ZnO. The higher BET surface area of circular-shaped ZnO than that of hexagonal-shaped ZnO can be explained to higher overall efficiency of circular-shaped ZnO.Results in disinfection effects to E.coli showed that lower flow rate can obtain more ascended efficiency for both type of ZnO. But disinfection efficiency of hexagonal-shaped ZnO is better than circular-shaped ZnO because of more electron-hole pairs formed from hexagonal-shaped ZnO than circular-shaped ZnO
The Perceptions of Information Security Management in The University Environment
No full text本研究意圖瞭解組織實施資訊安全管理時，其內部不同族群、角色成員之間的認知差異情況為何，並且探討此差異情況對於組織的資訊安全管理會造成哪些影響。本研究採用了科技框架理論概念和質性研究之訪談方法，以國內某所大學做為研究對象，探討組織內部不同族群之成員在面對資訊安全管理導入與建置的過程中，因受到不同認知框架的影響產生了理解與溝通上的隔閡而發生了阻礙的現象，並且進一步地找出其影響因素為何。
研究結果發現，組織內部不同族群之間在對於組織導入資訊安全管理的認知上具有差異，並且實際影響了組織實作資訊安全管理的成效。本研究對於各族群成員的認知框架形成原因進行探討，根據自身在組織資訊環境中的角色認知將其歸納為使用者、執行者與溝通者等三種角色，並分析角色間認知差異對於組織資訊安全管理與溝通層面造成的諸多不良的影響。在研究結論的部分提供了理論面與實際面的研究貢獻，做為資訊安全管理領域文獻以及校園組織資訊安全管理導入與建置的參考。The aim of this research is to understand the perceptions of actors in different groups, and the influence of the incongruent perceptions on the information security management. This research adopts the concept of technological frames, and carries out a qualitative case study in a local university in Taiwan.
The empirical results indicate that there exist different perceptions associated with information security management among various groups and the incongruence of frames have a consequent impact on the efficiency during the implementation process. We further analyze the underlying social and institutional context that might be relevant to the development of the frames incongruence. We conclude with the theoretical implications on the areas of information security management literature, and practical implications on how university can more effectively manage the implementation of information security management practices
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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