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The Social Organization and Reproductive Strategies of Stray Dogs in Yangmingshan National Park
No full text流浪犬在台灣對民眾及野生動物造成困擾與衝擊。為了蒐集流浪犬的社會結構與生殖生態資料以供管理上之參考並且探討其重回野外後之適應能力，本研究以陽明山國家公園龍鳳谷中流浪犬為對象，自1999年7月至2000年11月進行野外觀察，每月完成3個24小時觀察日週期。每小時沿固定步道巡察約7.5公頃之樣區，以觀察及錄影方式紀錄流浪犬之行為。17個月研究期間共辨識出157隻流浪犬，族群密度月平均為每公頃9.9±0.26隻（±S.E.）。共發現5個長期且具領域性的Packs，但成員彼此間不一定具有親緣關係。少數未形成Packs犬隻以結盟或孤犬形式存在，但無領域性。各Pack之成員數月平均從7隻至20隻不等。成員包括核心成員與短期留存的雌雄犬隻，以及雌犬所產子代。Pack內會形成性別參雜之線性優勢階級，最高位階者為一隻α-male，且階級關係可持續17個月以上。各Pack之活動範圍月平均從0.33至1.63公頃不等，且Packs 間具顯著差異；然而核心區域面積在0.13至0.17公頃之間，Packs 間未有顯著差異。雌犬平均8.2±0.21個月發情1次（n=20），無特定之發情季且無同時發情。Pack內可有多隻雌犬懷孕產仔，Packs間可以相互交配。其交配制度採雜交制，發情雌犬四處游走，會超出該Pack活動範圍，並吸引Pack內外雄犬加入發情群，雌雄犬間無固定配偶。幼犬出生時所使用的生殖洞穴為期3至5個月，之後會與其他Pack成員一同休息。幼犬於1月齡時已接觸過85%以上的Pack成員，至3個月齡後則接觸過所有成員。每窩平均3.1±0.33隻幼犬（n=25），留存至4個月齡者有57.1%，能留存至12月齡以上者僅有20.4%。Juveniles以及成犬會有播遷現象。Stray dogs have caused disturbance on people and wildlife in Taiwan. In order to collect the basic information on the social organization and reproductive ecology for management as well as for the information on the adaptation from domesticated animals back to the nature, stray dogs were observed at Lungfengku in Yangmingshan National Park, Taiwan. From July 1999 to November 2000, I surveyed stray dogs along a routine route within a 7.5 ha study area, and observed or video taped their behaviors. This route was surveyed once per hour and three 24-hr cycles were executed each month. In total, 157 stray dogs have been identified and the mean population density each month was9.9±0.26 (S.E.) dogs/ha. Five packs were identified and pack members may not share common kinship. Besides, two dogs formed a coalition, and some lone dogs did not have territory. The monthly averages of the number of dogs in each pack ranged from 7 to 20 dogs. Packs were composed by core members with their offspring and short-term members. A liner hierarchy with mixed gender was formed in each pack, and an目 錄
壹.前言 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
貳.材料及方法 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
一.研究地點--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
二.名詞定義--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
三.取樣方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
四.資料分析-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
參. 結果 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
一.社會結構-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
1.結群動態--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
2.優勢階級--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
3.活動範圍--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
二.生殖生態-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
1.交配制度--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
2.育幼------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
3.子代留存率------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
肆.討論 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
一.社會結構-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
二.生殖策略-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40
三. 播遷----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------49
伍.結論-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------52
陸.管理建議-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------54
柒.參考文獻 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55
表.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60
圖.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75
附錄一、各Pack成員動態--------------------------------------------------------------------------90
附錄二、各Pack位階矩陣--------------------------------------------------------------------------97
附錄三、各Pack活動範圍、核心區域、重疊區域月變化表---------------------------------------------107
附錄四、發情雌犬游走範圍面積表-----------------------------------------------------------------108
附錄五、發情雌犬吸引雄犬數，以及所吸引雄犬中屬Pack外之雄犬比例-----109
附錄六、各Pack犬隻生活照-----------------------------------------------------------------------110
附錄七、敵對行為照片---------------------------------------------------------------------------112
表 目 錄
表一、1999年7月至2000年11月間各Pack之成員結構與月平均隻數--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60
表二、1999年7月至2000年11月間各Pack之Subgroups隻數----------------------------------------------60
表三a、Pack A成員於1999年7月至2000年11月間位階變化----------------------------------------------61
表三b、Pack B成員於1999年7月至2000年11月間位階變化----------------------------------------------62
表三c、Pack C成員於1999年7月至2000年11月間位階變化----------------------------------------------63
表三d、Pack D與E成員於2000年1月至2000年11月間位階變化-------------------------------------------63
表四、各Pack月活動範圍之面積與結構--------------------------------------------------------------64
表五、各Pack內雌雄成犬與雌雄Juveniles成員之月活動範圍佔其Pack月活動範圍比值------------------------------------------------------------------------------65
表六、1999年春季至2000年秋季始終留存之雌犬其發情月份與季節分佈-----66
表七、發情雌犬游走範圍之總面積，以及其游走範圍中超出所屬Pack月活動範圍的面積之百分比--------------------------------------------------------------------67
表八、各Pack之發情雌犬吸引雄犬數，以及其非Pack成員之雄犬百分比---------------------------------68
表九、發情雌犬對於各Pack雄犬之吸引率------------------------------------------------------------69
表十、發情群內雄犬敵對行為致勝率與Pack內位階、Pack間體型之關係---------------------------------69
表十一、交配時產生交配栓之雄犬身份與位階以及當時發情群之結構-----------------------------------70
表十二、生殖洞穴特徵以及使用月數----------------------------------------------------------------71
表十三、各月齡Pups活動區域佔其Pack活動範圍之面積百分比，及其所接觸Pack成員佔總成員數之百分比--------------------------------------------------------------71
表十四、Pups與Pack外犬隻在生殖洞穴附近相遇時雙方之敵對行為發生率、敵對行為概述，以及較勁結果--------------------------------------------------------------72
表十五、產仔雌犬之位階分佈----------------------------------------------------------------------73
表十六、1999年4月至2000年11月間龍鳳谷內出生犬隻之留存月數---------------------------------------74
圖 目 錄
圖一、陽明山國家公園龍鳳谷流浪犬研究區域與觀察路線----------------------------------------------75
圖二a、Subgroup的判定方式-----------------------------------------------------------------------76
圖二b、月Group的判定流程------------------------------------------------------------------------76
圖三a、犬類之臣服行為---------------------------------------------------------------------------77
圖三b、犬類之交配成功定義-----------------------------------------------------------------------77
圖四、各Pack成員數之月變化----------------------------------------------------------------------78
圖五、結盟犬結群狀態比例------------------------------------------------------------------------78
圖六、孤犬在各月份雄犬佔總數比例----------------------------------------------------------------79
圖七、Pack A、B成員於1999年7月至2000年11月等三個半年間位階序位與體型之相關分佈----------------------------------------------------------------------------80
圖八、1999年7月至2000年2月每兩月為單位之各Pack活動範圍------------------------------------------81
圖九a、1999年7月至2000年11月間各Pack月活動範圍面積變化------------------------------------------82
圖九b、1999年7月至2000年11月間Pack A、B與C之活動範圍面積與成員數之相關性----------------------------------------------------------------------------------82
圖九c、1999年7月至2000年11月間Pack A、B與C之活動範圍面積與成員數的變動關係--------------------------------------------------------------------------------83
圖十、領域敵對結果之致勝程度與發起者之Subgroup隻數佔兩敵對Subgroup總數比例之關係--------------------------------------------------------------------------84
圖十一、雌犬連續8小時所吸引之雄犬總數與發情雌犬所屬Pack內雄性成犬數之相關性--------------------------------------------------------------------------------85
圖十二、連續8小時所吸引的Pack外雄犬所佔百分比與發情雌犬游走範圍中超出Pack 月活動範圍的面積之百分比間的相關性-----------------------------------------------85
圖十三、自觀察時刻起發情群內與發情雌犬相同Pack之雄犬、不同Pack之雄犬、結盟犬，以及孤犬等所持續留存之時間--------------------------------------------------86
圖十四、生殖洞穴類型----------------------------------------------------------------------------86
圖十五、1999年4月至2000年11月間第一次被發現之幼犬其月齡之分佈-----------------------------------87
圖十六、留存至Juveniles之幼犬比例與其出生季節之關係---------------------------------------------87
圖十七、留存至Juveniles之幼犬比例與其出生Group之關係--------------------------------------------88
圖十八、留存至Juveniles之幼犬比例與其生產雌犬體型之關係-----------------------------------------88
圖十九、留存至成犬之比例與其出生Group之關係-----------------------------------------------------8
Study of the Re-nucleated Phase of Cu-Al-Be Shape Memory Alloy
No full text本論文以真空石英膠囊熔配三種鋁含量在共析成份附近之Cu-Al-Be形狀記憶合金，藉由添加不同之鈹含量，以探討鈹含量對合金共析溫度、序化結構轉變溫度之影響。並進行由固溶溫度直接淬火於序化結構轉變溫度區間內之短時間時效，以分析母相再成核相之晶體結構及顯微組織。最後對時效處理後之試片熱循環後，觀察其形狀回復率變化，以評估經細化麻田散體熱處理後之合金實用性。
實驗結果顯示，鈹含量可有效降低Cu-Al亞共析合金之共析溫度，擴大β單相區；而鈹含量對序化結構轉變溫度並無明顯影響。自β單相區直接鹽浴淬火於序化結構轉變溫度區間進行短時間之時效，可觀察到再成核相生成。再成核相於TEM觀察中，發現再成核相位置中未逆變態回母相之麻田散體為18R結構；而已逆變態之再成核相位置則為D03母相結構，顯示再成核相為D03母相結構。然再成核相其化學成份和D03母相略有差異，可由SEM之背向散射影像觀察出兩者具有不同之對比。在序化結構轉變溫度區間進行短時間時效即會析出α相，α相對形狀記憶效應有不良的影響。經細化麻田散體熱處理及熱循環後之Cu-Al-Be形狀記憶合金，其形狀回復率仍隨熱循環次數增加而下降，顯示其實用價值不高。In this thesis, three kinds of Cu-Al-Be shape memory alloys (SMAs) with Al content near the eutectoid composition were melted down and homogenized in evacuated quartz capsules. The effects of Be content on eutectoid temperature and on order-disorder transition temperature were be discussed. And proceed salt-bath quenching from the solution treatment temperature to the order-disorder transition range and short time aging, to analyze the crystal structure and microstructure of the re-nucleated parent phase. Finally, observing the shape memory recovery change after aging and thermal cycling to evaluate the Cu-Al-Be SMA within fine martensite workability.
The results show that Be addition can effectively lower the eutectoid temperature of the hypoeutectoid Cu-Al alloy, but has no effect for the order-disorder transition. The re-nucleated parent phase can be observed by TEM after heat treatment. The martensite, which doesn’t reversely transform to parent phase, at the re-nucleated phase site has the 18R crystal structure; but the parent phase at the re-nucleated phase site has the D03 crystal structure. However, the chemical composition of re-nucleated phase is slightly different from D03 phase which can be observed by SEM back scattering electron image. Short time aging at order-disorder transition temperature will precipitate α phase, which isn’t favored to shape memory effect (SME). After 250 thermal cycles, the shape recovery of Cu-Al-Be SMA within fine martensite is deteriorative gradually which implies that it cannot be applied practically.目錄
第一章 緒論..................................................... 1
第二章 文獻回顧................................................. 6
2-1 形狀記憶效應.............................................. 6
2-2 熱彈性麻田散體............................................ 7
2-3 銅基形狀記憶合金相圖及各相之結構.......................... 9
2-3-1 母相β(A2)、β2(B2)、β1(DO3和L21) .................... 10
2-3-2 麻田散體α’(3R)、β1’(9R或18R)、γ1’(2H) ............... 11
2-3-3 母相與麻田散體間之轉換................................ 12
2-3-4 M18R與N18R結構判別方式............................. 13
2-3-5 麻田散體內部缺陷...................................... 14
2-3-6 析出相................................................ 14
2-4 序化結構轉變溫度.......................................... 15
2-5 Cu-Al基合金之熱穩定性質................................... 16
2-6 序化程度的判斷............................................ 17
2-7 Cu-Al-Be形狀記憶合金...................................... 18
第三章 實驗方法................................................. 29
3-1 合金熔配.................................................. 29
3-2 試片準備.................................................. 30
3-3 合金成份分析.............................................. 30
3-4 示差掃描量熱儀(DSC)量測................................... 31
3-5 熱膨脹儀(Dilatometer)量測................................... 31
3-6 固溶處理及時效處理........................................ 32
3-7 熱循環測試及形狀回復率測試................................ 32
3-8 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察................................ 33
3-9 X光繞射分析.............................................. 33
3-10 穿透式子顯微鏡(TEM)觀察................................. 33
第四章 結果與討論............................................... 38
4-1 合金設計與成份分析........................................ 38
4-2 DSC量測.................................................. 39
4-3 熱膨脹儀量測.............................................. 41
4-4 冷卻速率對序化結構轉變溫度之影響.......................... 43
4-5 再成核相之顯微組織分析.................................... 44
4-6 時效溫度對再成核相顯微組織之影響.......................... 46
4-6-1 055Be合金475-10試片顯微組織觀察...................... 46
4-6-2 055Be合金520-10試片顯微組織觀察...................... 47
4-6-3 055Be合金535-10試片顯微組織觀察...................... 48
4-6-4 055Be合金560-10試片顯微組織觀察...................... 48
4-7 時效時間對再成核相顯微組織之影響.......................... 49
4-8 熱循環對再成核相顯微組織之影響............................ 50
4-9 熱循環對形狀回復率之影響.................................. 51
第五章 結論..................................................... 84
參考文獻......................................................... 86
表目錄
[表1.1] 鐵系形狀記憶合金特性比較[4-7]............................. 3
[表1.2] 非鐵系形狀記憶合金特性比較[8]............................ 4
[表 1.3] 常見的三類SMAs比較[9-11]................................. 4
[表 1.4] 實際應用(Actual,A)與具有潛力(Potential,P)之工業用
銅基形狀記憶合金[14]..................................... 5
[表2.1] 熱彈性型與非熱彈性型麻彈散體變態的特性.................. 19
[表4.1] 各合金之成份分析表...................................... 53
[表4.2] 氧氮含量分析表.......................................... 53
[表4.3] 序化結構轉變溫度區間(℃)及膨脹量(%)...................... 53
[表4.4] 冷卻速率對序化結構轉變溫度區間(℃)之影響................. 53
[表4.5] 043合金505-10試片經熱循環之變態溫度量測(℃)............ 53
圖目錄
[圖2.1] 形狀記憶效應機制示意圖[17]................................ 20
[圖2.2] Schmid Factor示意圖[18]................................... 20
[圖2.3] 熱彈性麻田散體兄弟晶的四種自我調適變形方式[23]............ 21
[圖2.4] Cu-Al二元相圖[33]......................................... 21
[圖2.5] Cu-Al二元相圖於共析成份之局部放大[34]..................... 22
[圖2.6] B2母相結構示意圖........................................ 22
[圖2.7] DO3母相結構示意圖....................................... 22
[圖2.8] 銅基形狀記憶合金之各種母相結構[34].......................... 23
[圖2.9] 各種麻田散體之堆疊順序................................... 23
[圖2.10] 由母相{110}所得之六個麻田散體最密堆積面................. 24
[圖2.11] 18R麻田散體堆疊示意圖.................................. 24
[圖2.12] FCC與BCC晶體結構之方位匹配性[56]...................... 25
[圖2.13] In-situ XRD顯示B2、DO3隨溫度變化的情形[70].............. 25
[圖2.14] 加熱速率對Cu-Al基合金相轉變的影響[70]
(a) 50 ℃/min, (b) 40 ℃/min, (c) 30 ℃/min,
(d) 20 ℃/min, (e) 10 ℃/min............................... 26
[圖2.15] DSC概略圖模擬加熱過程中Cu-Al基合金的相轉變[70].......... 27
[圖2.16] 擬Cu-Al-Be相圖[15]....................................... 28
[圖3.1] 實驗流程圖.............................................. 35
[圖3.2] 石英封管之規格圖........................................ 36
[圖3.3] 熱膨脹儀之示意圖........................................ 36
[圖3.4] 時效處理流程圖.......................................... 37
[圖3.5] 形狀回復率測試示意圖.................................... 37
[圖4.1] DSC熱分析量測(20 ℃/min升溫速率)
：(a)037Be合金，(b)055Be合金............................ 54
[圖4.2] DSC熱分析量測(30 ℃/min升溫速率)
：(a)037Be合金，(b)055Be合金............................ 55
[圖4.3] 熱膨脹儀量測：(a)037Be合金，(b)055Be合金................. 56
[圖4.4] 037Be合金不同冷速淬火後熱膨脹儀量測：(a)油淬，(b)空冷..... 57
[圖4.5] 055Be合金不同冷速淬火後熱膨脹儀量測：(a)油淬，(b)空冷..... 58
[圖4.6] 055Be合金520-10試片再成核相TEM觀察................... 59
[圖4.7] 055Be合金520-10試片於破洞處之再成核相TEM觀察：
(a)明視野像，(b)暗視野像，(c)SADP........................ 59
[圖4.8] 055Be合金520-10試片於破洞處之再成核相TEM觀察：
(a)明視野像，(b)暗視野像，(c)SADP........................ 60
[圖4.9] 055Be合金520-10試片再成核相之反相晶界觀察：
(a)明視野像，(b)暗視野像................................. 60
[圖4.10] 再成核相之TEM-EDX分析[16].............................. 61
[圖4.11] 055Be合金520-10試片SEM觀察：(a)拋光後以背向散射電子觀察，
(b)腐蝕後以二次電子觀察................................ 62
[圖4.12] 055Be合金475-10試片之SEM顯微組織觀察................ 63
[圖4.13] 055Be合金475-10試片之XRD分析........................ 63
[圖4.14] 055Be合金475-10試片麻田散體TEM觀察：
(a)明視野像，(b)暗視野像，(c)SADP...................... 64
[圖4.15] 055Be合金475-10試片大範圍麻田散體TEM觀察............ 65
[圖4.16] 055Be合金475-10試片不同形貌麻田散體之界面觀察：
(a)明視野像，(b)暗視野像............................... 65
[圖4.17] 055Be合金520-10試片之SEM顯微組織觀察：
(a)α相和麻田散體，(b)叢聚麻田散體與母相............... 66
[圖4.18] 055Be合金520-10試片之XRD分析...................... 66
[圖4.19] 055Be合金535-10試片之SEM顯微組織觀察............... 67
[圖4.20] 055Be合金535-10試片之XRD分析....................... 67
[圖4.21] 055Be合金535-10試片母相TEM觀察：
(a)明視野像，(b)暗視野像，(c)SADP...................... 68
[圖4.22] 055Be合金535-10試片母相TEM觀察：
(a)明視野像，(b)暗視野像，(c)SADP...................... 68
[圖4.23] 055Be合金535-10試片之SEM顯微組織觀察：(a)麻田散體
由晶界成核成長，(b);麻田散體與α相.................... 69
[圖4.24] 055Be合金560-10試片之XRD分析........................ 69
[圖4.25] 055Be合金560-10試片TEM顯微組織觀察.................. 70
[圖4.26] 055Be合金560-10試片母相TEM觀察：
(a)明視野像，(b)暗視野像，(c)SADP..................... 70
[圖4.27] 055Be合金520-03試片之SEM顯微組織觀察：(a)大範圍觀察，
(b)麻田散體與α相，(c)再成核相，(d)EDX分析........... 71
[圖4.28] 055Be合金520-03試片之XRD分析........................ 72
[圖4.29] 055Be合金520-20試片之SEM顯微組織觀察：(a)大範圍觀察，
(b)母相及麻田散體與再成核相之關係.................... 73
[圖4.30] 055Be合金520-20試片之XRD分析........................ 73
[圖4.31] 055Be合金520-03試片大範圍再成核相TEM觀察............ 74
[圖4.32] 055Be合金520-10試片大範圍再成核相TEM觀察............ 75
[圖4.33] 055Be合金520-20試片大範圍再成核相TEM觀察............ 76
[圖4.34] 055Be合金520 ℃不同時間時效之平均直徑及數目分率........ 77
[圖4.35] 055Be合金固溶淬火後之DSC量測.......................... 77
[圖4.36] 055Be合金520-10試片經250次熱循環之XRD分析........... 78
[圖4.37] 055Be合520-10試片250次熱循環後TEM觀察............... 78
[圖4.38] 055Be合金520-10試片250次熱循環麻田散體TEM觀察：
(a)明視野像，(b)暗視野像，(c)SADP.................... 79
[圖4.39] 055Be合金520-10試片250次熱循環母相TEM觀察：
(a)明視野像，(b)暗視野像，(c)SADP.................... 79
[圖4.40] 055Be合金520-10試片經熱循環後之熱膨脹儀分析：
(a)1次循環，(b)50次循環，(c)250次循環............... 80
[圖4.41] 043Be合金505-10試片經熱循環之XRD分析：
(a)1次，(b)50次，(c)250次........................... 82
[圖4.42] 043Be合金505-10試片經熱循環之變態溫度量測。
圖中以顏色區分不同次數之熱循環..................... 83
[圖4.43] 043Be合金505-10試片經熱循環之形狀回復率量測............ 8
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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