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A Potential Subalternist? Reading Spivak Reading Foucault
No full text本論文旨在探討佳雅特里•史畢娃克(Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak)對於傅柯(Michel Foucault)批判的態度流變，以及傅柯理論與庶民研究的相關性。經由回應史畢娃克對傅柯的批判，本論文評估傅柯做為一個庶民主義者的可能性。本論文分為四個章節。第一章討論庶民及庶民性的內涵，追蹤庶民學派的發展過程及史畢娃克的後結構轉向，並統整史畢娃克在<庶民能否發言？> (""Can the Subaltern Speak?"")中對傅柯的各項批判。第二章對上述批判逐一做出回應，包含傅柯對殖民主義的缺乏意識、傅柯對東方不切實際的想像、傅柯和西方整體利益的勾連、傅柯對中立而不需檢驗的發言位置的渴求、傅柯和庶民研究的相關性、以及傅柯對(新)庶民利益可能做出的貢獻。透過上述的檢驗，本論文主張傅柯的西方考古學和庶民的利益可以是一致的。第三章研究<庶民能否發言？>以降，包含收錄在後殖民理性批判<歷史>章中對此文的修訂及其他更晚近的作品中，史畢娃克對傅柯態度的流變；將新國際勞力分工、外籍家庭幫傭以及新庶民等後起的概念也納入考量，爬梳史畢娃克的思辯過程。第四章總結此論文並試圖再論：我們是否可以、如何能夠將傅柯視為一個庶民主義者？無論是史畢娃克對傅柯的解讀或是探究傅柯理論對庶民的可能貢獻，都能幫助我們正視當代台灣正面臨的庶民議題。This thesis investigates Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak''s shifting critical positions on Michel Foucault and the applicability of Foucauldian theories to notions of the subaltern in an effort to respond to Spivak''s critiques of Foucault and to assess Foucault as a potential subalternist. Chapter One discusses definitions of the subaltern and subalternity, tracks the development of Subaltern Studies critical projects including Spivak''s post-structural turn, and provides a summary of Spivak''s critique of Foucault in ""Can the Subaltern Speak?"" Chapter Two responses to Spivak''s insights about Foucault''s ignorance of colonialism and his wishful Orientalism, her evaluation of Foucault''s complicity with Western interests and of his desire to be neutral or transparent, and her estimation of Foucault in relation to the (new) subaltern interests. Through those assessments, this thesis contends that what can be called Foucault''s archaeology of the West implicitly aligns with subaltern interests. Chapter Three investigates Spivak''s more recent positions on Foucault after ""Can the Subaltern Speak?""—including the revised version of ""Can the Subaltern Speak?"" as it appears in the ""History"" chapter of A Critique of Postcolonial Reason—to address issues including the new international division of labor, foreign domestic workers, and the new subaltern. Chapter Four concludes this thesis and asks: can Foucault be viewed as a subalternist? If so, how? With the help of both Spivak''s readings of Foucault and Foucault''s possible reading of the subaltern, this thesis argues for the relevance of subaltern studies in contemporary Taiwan
Structural determination of glycolipids extracted from novel thermophilic, radiation resistant, indigenous strain, NTU-1233.
No full text根據先前的研究指出，醣脂質為嗜熱性微生物之細胞表面的主要成分，但是造成此現象的分子機制至今仍舊沒有完整的定論。由於嗜熱性微生物本身的棲息環境溫度較高，造就了其細胞表面醣脂質之化學結構的特異性與多樣性，因此嗜熱性微生物的醣脂質長久以來都是被研究的目標。本研究主要針對由台灣一嗜熱抗輻射本土菌株 NTU-1233 所萃取出來之細胞表面醣脂質做結構之解析。實驗首先將以下五株本土菌株 NTU-484、NTU-1233、NTU-1085、NTU-1089、NTU-407及兩株標準菌株 Truepera radiovitrix、Deinococcus murrayi 共七株菌株的醣脂質粗萃物對小鼠巨噬細胞進行刺激以分泌腫瘤壞死因子 TNF-α，發現其中 NTU-1233 的醣脂質粗萃物對小鼠巨噬細胞有著較強的刺激性。NTU-1233 的醣脂質粗萃物經純化後得到三個物質以化學分析、薄膜層析 (TLC)、核磁共振分析 (氫譜、碳譜、TOCSY、HSQC、HMBC)、質譜分析（氣相層析質譜、電噴灑游離質譜、基質輔助雷射脫附游離質譜）後得以判讀出以下三個醣脂質之化學結構，分別為兩個硫脂質，sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG)、2’-O-acyl-sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (ASQD)；一個神經鞘脂 α-N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-(1-3)- β galactosyl-(1-1’)-dihydroceramid (GlcNAcα3GalβCer)。根據氫譜，此三個醣脂質之脂肪酸上的長碳鏈皆為飽和鍵。在本研究中，提出了兩個第一次的發現，分別是第一次發現非光合生物中存在有 ASQD 以及發現新物質 GlcNAcα3GalβCer。According to previous studies, glycolipids are the major components present in the cell surface of thermophilic bacteria. The high proportion of glycolipids in the cell membranes could possibly to contribute to the ability of the bacteria to grow at high temperature, however, the molecular basis of this phenomenon is still unclear. The structure of glycolipid of thermophilic bacteria has long been a topic and has been proved to exhibit great structural diversity due to its high temperature growth condition. This study focuses on the structural analyses of glycolipids isolated from this new indigenous of Taiwan, NTU-1233. Lipid crude extracts from two type strains, Truepera radiovitrix and Deinococcus murrayi; and five indigenous strains, NTU-484, NTU-1233, NTU-1085, NTU-1089, NTU-407 were subjected to TNF-α induction assay and found that lipid crude extracts of NTU-1233 exhibits stronger immunostimulation activity. The structures of three major glycolipids purified from lipid crude extracts of NTU-1233 were determined using TLC, NMR spectroscopy (TOCSY, COSY, HSQC, HMBC), GC-MS, MALDI-MS and ESI-MS, and chemical analyses. According to the spectroscopic and chemical analyses, the structures of three glycolipids are elucidated to be two sulfolipids sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol [SQDG] and its acylated derivative, 2’-O-acyl-sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol [ASQD], and a novel sphingolipid, glucosaminyl(1-3)-β-galactosyl-(1-1’)-dihydroceramide [GlcNAcα3Galβ- Cer]. The acyl chain of fatty acid moiety of these three glycolipids are saturated according NMR analysis. It is the first time for ASQD to be found in nonphotosynthetic organism, and for GlcNAcα3GalβCer, it is a novel compound that has never been reported before.中文摘要 IVbstract Vbbreviations VIIist of Tables and Figures VIIIntroduction 1. Thermophilic bacterium 1. Glycolipids from thermophilic bacteria 1. Radiation resistant bacteria 3. Glycolipids from radiation resistant bacteria 4. New indigenous strain, NTU-1233 5. Specific aim 6aterial and Methods 7. Materials 7.1. Bacterial strains and cell line 7.2. Medium 7.2.1. Medium for bacteria 7.2.2. Medium for Cell line J774A.1 8.3. Chemicals, solvents and reagents 8.4. Instruments 8. Methods 9.1. Flow chart 9.2. Strains and growth condition 9.3. Lipid extraction 10.4. Purification of polar lipids 10.5. Sugar composition analysis by GC-MS 11.5.1. Sample preparation and analysis 11.5.2. Oven temperature settings for GC-MS 12.6. Molecular weight determination by ESI-MS and MALDI-MS 13.7. NMR analysis 13.8. Macrophage stimulation assay 14.8.1. Cell culture 14.8.2. ELISA for cytokine TNF-α secretion 14esults 15. TNF-α induction assay 15. 1D and 2D TLC analysis 15. Structural analyses of purified samples 16.1. Analysis of SQDG 16.1.1. Carbohydrate composition analysis by GC-MS 16.1.2. NMR analysis 16.1.3. ESI-MS analysis 19.2. Analysis of ASQD 19.2.1. ESI-MS analysis 21.2.2. Glycolipid isolated from Truepera radiovitrix verified the assignments of ASQD from NTU-1233 21.3. Analysis of GlcNAcα3GalβCer 22.3.1. Carbohydrate composition analysis by GC-MS 22.3.2. NMR analysis 22.3.2.1. GlcNAcα3GalβCer 22.3.2.2. Peracetylated GlcNAcα3GalβCer 23.3.3. MALDI-MS analysis 26iscussion 28eferences 32ables and Figures 40ppendix 6
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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