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A Study of Parents' Working-Time and Their Flexible Demands for After-School Child Care
No full text在本文的第一章，研究者就實際所觀察到的社會現象：有些家長必須在週末或是夜間工作時，這些家長如何解決照顧學童的問題做為本文的研究動機，並探討國內外工作時間彈性化與學童課後托育需求彈性化之相關性。第二節的文獻回顧則探討工作時間彈性化、婦女就業、學童課後托育之相關文獻。在第三節研究者提出研究分析架構：即以學童家長的家庭支持系統及家長職業與工作時間彈性化這兩個角度出發，來了解家長對於托育時間彈性化和托育服務多元化的需求。第四節為研究方法，研究者除了使用文獻分析法，同時也使用深度訪談法來訪問二十位家長。本文第五節則是簡單的章節安排說明。
在第二章的內容部份，第一節主要討論勞動市場與工作時間彈性化的全球性發展，第二節主要探討婦女就業趨勢，將對學童課後托育需求有何影響。由於企業追求彈性積累，因此在人力使用上追求以最小成本達到最大效益，企業最常見的彈性化用人策略為內部數量彈性化，例如：延長員工下班時間，以責任制名義來要求員工把當日的工作完成，因此影響到家長無法準時下班去安親班接孩子下課。隨著女性受高等教育人數的增加，也帶動婦女勞動參與的提升，進而影響到對安親班的需求增加，就婦女從事的行業來看，以從事服務業的比例最高，而服務業的工作時間又更具多樣化，因此，有些婦女在週末或是夜間必須要工作時，就無法親自照顧學童，在這種情況之下，婦女必須有賴於配偶或是其他家庭支持。但是，當這樣的支持系統不穩定時，家長對安親班開放時間彈性化、服務多元化的需求則會增加。
在第三章第一節裡，研究者主要討論國外學童課後托育機構種類及方案，研究者蒐集了美國、日本及英國這三個國家的課後托育方案資料。在美國方面，「二十一世紀社區學習中心」方案鼓勵社區人士參與學童課後照顧工作，結合社區與學校資源，讓更多學童得到更完善的照顧，除此之外，根據美國教育部對此方案所做的評估報告也指出，此方案實施後，對於提高學童母親就業以及學童的心理安全感有相當正向的幫助。在日本方面，日本強調兒童保育應以遊戲為活動內容主軸，強調透過遊戲來增加學童的學習興趣，以及學習與人互動。在英國方面，其托育服務的特色在於在市場機制的驅策下，由民間業者提供多樣化的托育時段及托育內容，例如：臨時性托育、假日娛樂方案、早餐俱樂部及課後俱樂部。在本文第二節，研究者先探討我國課後托育之興起原因，並針對目前台灣所遇到的課後托育問題做一檢討，研究者歸納出三點問題，包括：收托時間與家長工作時間無法充分配合、家長需求與法規限制的衝突、強調市場機制而忽略弱勢學童的托育需求，研究者並針對這三項問題，提供可能的解決方式。
在本文的第四章，研究者整理了週間工作組與週末及夜間工作組家長，對於課後托育有何彈性化需求。第一節與第二節分別整理訪談週間工作組和週末工作組家長的簡要逐字稿資料，包括：家長基本資料、影響工作時間延長的因素、家長對安親班的期待、家長讓孩子週末去安親班的意願及期待服務內容、以及家長週末時間可能的時間安排、家中照顧學童的支持系統、家長需要的臨托時段及期待服務內容。最後在第三節依家長工作時間及家長月收入做需求比較分析，研究者發現：無論是週間工作組或是週末或夜間工作組的分家長，對於安親班最大的期待，就是希望安親班可以協助家長輔導孩子把學校的功課完成；在週末托育需求方面，這兩組樣本的家長，約有八成的家長表示對於週六時段有托育需求，其中家長最希望在週六提供多元化的才藝課程；在期待安親班延長時段需求方面，大約有四成的家長表示，希望安親班可以開放至晚上九點。
本文的第五章是論文摘要與研究結果，最後研究者再針對研究結果，給予課後托育業者及政府相關建議。第一章 緒論 6
第一節 研究動機及目的 6
第二節 文獻探討 10
一、勞動市場及婦女就業變化趨勢 10
二、學童課後托育相關文獻 16
第三節 研究架構 22
第四節 研究方法 24
第五節 本文章節安排 25
第二章 家長工作時間彈性化與學童課後托育需求 26
第一節 勞動市場與工作時間彈性化的全球性發展 26
一、企業使用勞動彈性化策略類型 26
二、彈性工作的多元形式 29
三、工作時間彈性化的發展 32
第二節 國內外婦女就業狀況及趨勢 35
一、影響婦女勞動參與之因素 35
二、我國女性人力資源概況 37
三、從家庭生命周期理論來看有偶婦女勞動參與率 38
四、國外婦女就業狀況 40
第三章 國內外學童課後托育需求彈性化狀況 45
第一節 國外學童課後托育機構種類及方案 45
一、美國二十一世紀社區學習中心方案 45
二、日本以學童為本位的課後托育 51
三、英國多樣化的課後托育服務 53
第二節 台灣學童課後托育服務之興起與問題 56
一、課後托育服務興起原因 56
二、台灣學童課後托育服務問題之探討 57
第四章 訪談家長工作時間與學童課後托育需求彈性化之關係
第一節 週間工作組家長對課後托育的需求 64
第二節 週末或夜間工作組家長對課後托育需求 73
第三節 比較分析 81
一、依家長工作時間做需求比較分析 81
二、依家長月收入做需求比較分析 89
第五章 結論與建議 92
第一節 論文摘要及研究發現 92
第二節 建議與未來展望 99
參考文獻 102
附錄一 109
附錄二 11
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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