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The research of anti-administrative monopoly in Mainland China
No full text摘 要謂行政壟斷？行政壟斷是一種由國家公權力所形成的壟斷形式，也是當前大陸地區最嚴重的一種壟斷形式。其行為主體為政府以及其所屬的行政機關；其主觀違法要件為行政權力的濫用；其行為手段為呈現多樣，但主要表現在排除、支配和妨礙三項；其客觀結果要件為在一定交易領域內的限制競爭。因此，行政壟斷一個較精確的定義為：政府或其所屬部門濫用行政權力所實施限制在一定交易領域內限制競爭的行為或手段。且行政壟斷是經濟轉型國家中所展現的特殊現象，它是因為國家公權力濫用所形成的壟斷類型，故具有不同於其他壟斷的特殊性，這樣的特殊性表現在：行為主體、行為手段、腐敗結果、成因複雜和類型多樣等五項。另外，在行政壟斷之形成上，行政壟斷可謂是計畫經濟下所遺留的產物，經濟體制轉型的不完全造成了一個「制度缺位」的陣痛期，經濟法制的不健全、行政法規的不完整、政府在經濟市場中機能的失調都提供了政府機關實行行政壟斷的誘因。有了這樣的環境，行政壟斷便容易產生，並隨著每個國家不同的國情形成不同的類型。一旦行政壟斷形成後，便會造成經濟體制在許多方面遭受損害，其損害主要集中在競爭法制、政府職能、市場機能和消費者權利等四項上。這樣的損害和經濟壟斷相比可以說是有過之而無不及的，除了導致消費者的權益受損、市場機能的失調、競爭法制的傷害等弊病外，行政壟斷還引起了政府人員嚴重的貪污，造成了國家經濟為此付出龐大的代價。行政壟斷如此的危害不但提供了轉型中國家反對行政壟斷最根本的基礎，也使得吾人容易根據這些危害制定相關的因應策略。最後，在處理行政壟斷問題時，最大的矛盾就是違法行政壟斷和合法行政干預兩者的界限模糊。因為在經濟轉型的國家中（特別是目前的中國大陸地區），行政壟斷往往遁入其它合法的壟斷類型的，使得行政壟斷和其它壟斷形式相結合，也使社會各界產生了其它合法的壟斷形式亦須反對的錯誤見解。這不但點出反行政壟斷法制全面建立的重要性，也可以得知繼續深化行政壟斷理論的重要性。 透過上述簡單介紹行政壟斷之相關概念後，可以清楚瞭解行政壟斷問題背後所涉及領域的複雜性。因此，筆者認為任何單一角度的觀察，均不足以一窺行政壟斷之全貌。正因為行政壟斷所涉及的領域多元，所以反行政壟斷是一個科際整合的問題，單一的解決模式 絕對無法有效處理或解決行政壟斷問題。故本文計畫透過一個多元的觀點重新剖析行政壟斷與其相關領域間之關係，希望藉由法律制度、政治制度和世界貿易組織架構等三個面向，架構出大陸地區在反行政壟斷之現實與因應。目次一章 緒論………………………………………………………… 1一節 研究動機與問題界定……………………………………… 1一項 研究動機…………………………………………………… 1 第二項 問題界定………………………………………… 1二節 研究目的與重要性………………………………………… 9 第一項 研究目的………………………………………… 9 第二項 重要性…………………………………………… 11三節 文獻分析與探討…………………………………………… 12 第一項 研究理論方面…………………………………… 12 第二項 研究方法方面…………………………………… 12 第三項 研究內容方面…………………………………… 12四節 研究途徑與研究架構……………………………………… 13 第一項 研究途徑………………………………………… 13 第二項 研究流程與研究架構……………………… 15 五節 研究方法…………………………………………………… 16六節 研究範圍與研究限制……………………………………… 16 第一項 理論方面之限制………………………………… 16 第二項 方法上面之限制………………………………… 17七節 論文結構說明……………………………………………… 17二章 行政壟斷之理論…………………………………………… 19一節 行政壟斷之意涵…………………………………………… 19 第一項 行政壟斷之定義………………………………… 19 第二項 行政壟斷之要件………………………………… 22 第三項 行政壟斷之特性………………………………… 24 第四項 行政壟斷與其他概念之比較…………………… 26二節 行政壟斷之形成…………………………………………… 33 第一項 行政壟斷之形成背景………………………… 34 第二項 行政壟斷之存在原因…………………………… 36 第三項 行政壟斷之類型………………………………… 37 第四項 行政壟斷之危害………………………………… 39 第五項 處理行政壟斷問題之界限……………………… 41 第三節 小結…………………………………………………… 43三章 中國大陸行政壟斷之實務與反行政壟斷之實踐………… 45一節 中國大陸行政壟斷之案例研究…………………………… 45 第一項 電信業…………………………………………… 46 第二項 電力業…………………………………………… 48 第三項 民航業…………………………………………… 49四項 鐵路業…………………………………………………… 51五項 小結……………………………………………………… 52二節 中國大陸關於反行政壟斷之規範………………………… 53一項 《中華人民共和國反不正當競爭法》之規範…………… 53第二項 其他針對反行政壟斷之規範………………… 57 第三節 小結………………………………………………… 63 四章 中國大陸反行政壟斷之阻礙…………………………… 65一節 與法制規範有關之阻礙………………………………… 65一項 中國大陸在經濟立法上缺乏前瞻性和整合性………… 65 第二項 反壟斷法在立法上存有爭議………… 67 第三項 行政法制不健全……………………… 70二節 與政治因素有關之阻礙………………………………… 72 第一項 政府在市場經濟活動中角色之混淆… 72 第二項 地方性之行政壟斷嚴重……………… 73 第三項 政治部門反對反壟斷立法…………… 75三節 世界貿易組織（WTO ）規範對於行政壟斷之衝擊… 76 第一項 世界貿易組織（WTO）規範之精神與原則 76 第二項 世界貿易組織（WTO）規範與行政壟斷間之矛盾 77 第四節 小結………………………………………… 79五章 中國大陸對於行政壟斷之因應策略…………… 80一節 法律制度之完善………………………………… 80 第一項 行政法制之健全……………………… 80 第二項 反壟斷法草案之檢討………………… 84 第三項 其他立法之修改……………………… 91二節 國家角色之轉變………………………………… 91 第一項 政府職能之轉變……………………… 93 第二項 中央與地方之分權…………………… 94 第三項 政府與企業之分離…………………… 95三節 世界貿易組織（WTO）規範對於行政壟斷法制之影響…… 95 第一項 世界貿易組織（WTO）規範和反行政壟斷法制間之關係 96 第二項 世界貿易組織（WTO）規範和反行政壟斷法制間之協調 97 第四節 小結………………………………………… 98六章 結論……………………………………………… 100 第一節 主要研究成果…………………………………… 100 第二節 主要研究發現…………………………………… 103考文獻及相關書目…………………………………………… 105錄一…………………………………………………………… 112錄二…………………………………………………………… 11
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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