14 research outputs found
Hamiltonian simulation with optimal sample complexity
No full text© 2017 Author(s). We investigate the sample complexity of Hamiltonian simulation: how many copies of an unknown quantum state are required to simulate a Hamiltonian encoded by the density matrix of that state? We show that the procedure proposed by Lloyd, Mohseni, and Rebentrost [Nat. Phys., 10(9):631-633, 2014] is optimal for this task. We further extend their method to the case of multiple input states, showing how to simulate any Hermitian polynomial of the states provided. As applications, we derive optimal algorithms for commutator simulation and orthogonality testing, and we give a protocol for creating a coherent superposition of pure states, when given sample access to those states. We also show that this sample-based Hamiltonian simulation can be used as the basis of a universal model of quantum computation that requires only partial swap operations and simple single-qubit states
Differential roles of serotonin receptor subtypes in regulation of neurotrophin receptor expression and intestinal hypernociception
No full textObjectives. Aberrant serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) metabolism and neurite outgrowth were associated with abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We previously demonstrated that 5-HT receptor subtype 7 (5-HT7) was involved in visceral hypersensitivity of IBS-like mouse models. The aim was to compare the analgesic effects of a novel 5-HT7 antagonist to reference standards in mouse models and investigate the mechanisms of 5-HT7-dependent neuroplasticity.
Methods. Two mouse models, including Giardia post-infection combined with water avoidance stress (GW) and post-resolution of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis (PT) were used. Mice were orally administered CYY1005 (CYY, a novel 5-HT7 antagonist), alosetron (ALN, a 5-HT3 antagonist), and loperamide (LPM, an opioid receptor agonist) prior to measurement of visceromotor responses (VMR). Levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin receptors (NTRs) were assessed.
Results. Peroral CYY was more potent than ALN or LPM in reducing VMR values in GW and PT mice. Increased mucosal 5-HT7-expressing nerve fibers were associated with elevated Gap43 levels in the mouse colon. We observed higher colonic Ntrk2 and Ngfr expression in GW mice, and increased Bdnf expression in PT mice compared with control mice. Human SH-SY5Y cells stimulated with mouse colonic supernatant or exogenous serotonin exhibited longer nerve fibers, which CYY dose-dependently inhibited. Serotonin increased Ntrk1 and Ngfr expression via 5-HT7 but not 5-HT3 or 5-HT4, while Ntrk2 upregulation was dependent on all three 5-HT receptor subtypes.
Conclusions. Stronger analgesic effects by peroral CYY were observed compared with reference standards in two IBS-like mouse models. The 5-HT7-dependent NTR upregulation and neurite elongation may be involved in intestinal hypernociceptio
Simplified analytic formulae for magneto-optical Kerr effects in ultrathin magnetic films
No full textExpressions are presented for various magneto-optical Kerr effects in the ultrathin film limit with arbitrary magnetization direction by considering the multiple reflections within an optically thin film. The Kerr effect of p- and s-polarization consists of products of two factors: the prefactor, dependent only on the optical parameters of the system, and the main factor of the polar Kerr effect for normal incidence in the ultrathin limit. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.This work was supported by the Creative Research Initiatives of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea, and
one author (CYY) wishes to acknowledge the financial support of the Korea Research Foundation made in program
Year 1997, and the hospitality of Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne was supported by the US Department of
Energy, BES-Material Science, under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Adipofascial Flap (PIPJAF) Resurfacing Improves the Active Motion of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint after Contracture Release
No full textAnalysis of Chlorogenic Acid in Sweet Potato Leaf Extracts
No full textSweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide, with leaves of different varieties showing purple, green and yellow, and these leaves provide a dietary source of nutrients and various bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to identify the active constituents of chlorogenic acids (CGAs) in different methanolic extract of leaves of three varieties of sweet potato (purple CYY 98-59, green Taoyuan 2, and yellow CN 1927-16) using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Genotype-specific metabolite variations were observed; CGAs and three isomeric peaks were detected in sweet potato leaf extracts (SPLEs). Among them, the yellow SPLE contained the highest contents of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-di-CQA) and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4-di-CQA), followed by the green SPLE, whereas the purple SPLE retained lower 3,5-di-CQA content compared to yellow and green SPLEs. All three SPLEs contained lower 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4,5-di-CQA) and CGA contents compared to 3,5-di-CQA and 3,4-di-CQA, although CGA constituents were not significantly different in genotypes, whereas purple SPLE contained higher 4,5-di-CQA content compared to yellow and green SPLEs. This study indicates that SPLs marketed in Taiwan vary widely in their biological potentials and may impart different health benefits to consumers
Integrated mRNA and microRNA transcriptome sequencing characterizes sequence variants and mRNA – microRNA regulatory network in nasopharyngeal carcinoma model systems
No full textNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent malignancy in Southeast Asia among the Chinese population. Aberrant regulation of transcripts has been implicated in many types of cancers including NPC. Herein, we characterized mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes by RNA sequencing (RNASeq) of NPC model systems. Matched total mRNA and small RNA of undifferentiated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive NPC xenograft X666 and its derived cell line C666, well-differentiated NPC cell line HK1, and the immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP460 were sequenced by Solexa technology. We found 2812 genes and 149 miRNAs (human and EBV) to be differentially expressed in NP460, HK1, C666 and X666 with RNASeq; 533 miRNA-mRNA target pairs were inversely regulated in the three NPC cell lines compared to NP460. Integrated mRNA/miRNA expression profiling and pathway analysis show extracellular matrix organization, Beta-1 integrin cell surface interactions, and the PI3K/AKT, EGFR, ErbB, and Wnt pathways were potentially deregulated in NPC. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed on selected mRNA/miRNAs in order to validate their expression. Transcript sequence variants such as short insertions and deletions (INDEL), single nucleotide variant (SNV), and isomiRs were characterized in the NPC model systems. A novel TP53 transcript variant was identified in NP460, HK1, and C666. Detection of three previously reported novel EBV-encoded BART miRNAs and their isomiRs were also observed. Meta-analysis of a model system to a clinical system aids the choice of different cell lines in NPC studies. This comprehensive characterization of mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes in NPC cell lines and the xenograft provides insights on miRNA regulation of mRNA and valuable resources on transcript variation and regulation in NPC, which are potentially useful for mechanistic and preclinical studies. © 2014 The Authors.published_or_final_versio
Image Stabilization System on a Camera Module with Image Composition
No full text隨著現今數位相機以及手機相機的畫素數量大幅提昇、以及相機體積大幅的縮小，越多越多的新科技是希望能提升相片的品質。在這些技術當中，防手震技術是為了減少或是避免因為手震所產生的模糊影像。現今主要有兩類的防手震方式，分別是光學式、以及數位式防手震。
在這篇論文裡面，我們提出從四張影像合成出一張沒有手震影像的系統。利用影像合成的技術以及從實驗上的比較，證明我們能夠重建出一張亮度正常且為銳利的影像。With the boosting of number of image sensor’s pixels and the compacter working volume of today’s digital still camera or camera phone, the need for better image quality has soared and drives more newly designed image processing techniques. Image stabilization, one of these newly techniques, plays an essential role in today’s camera design. As its words suggest, image stabilization is a system designed to reduce the amount of image blur due to human’s handshake or even preventing the chances of a blur. Currently, image stabilization can be carried out by optical lens solution or by digital image processing technique.
In this thesis, we propose a digital image stabilization algorithm based on an image composition technique using four source images. By using image processing techniques, we are able to reduce the amount of image blur and compose a sharper image from four source images.Chapter 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................1
1.1 Causes of blurred image...................................................................................2
1.2 Formation of blurred image .............................................................................3
1.3 Gradient Magnitudes........................................................................................5
1.3.1 Sobel Edge Detector .............................................................................6
1.3.2 Other Edge Detectors............................................................................7
Chapter 2 Optical Image Stabilization ...........................................................................8
2.1 Image Stabilization by Prisms .........................................................................8
2.2 Image Stabilization by Moving Lens.............................................................10
2.3 Image Stabilization by Moving CCD ............................................................12
Chapter 3 Digital Image Stabilization ..........................................................................13
3.1 Digital Image Stabilization by Moving Window...........................................13
3.2 Digital Image Stabilization by Higher ISO Speed.........................................14
3.3 Digital Image Stabilization on Camera Phone...............................................14
Chapter 4 Image Stabilization with Super Resolution Reconstruction ........................17
4.1 Concept ..........................................................................................................17
4.2 Feature Detection ...........................................................................................19
4.2.1 Harris Corner Detector........................................................................19
4.2.2 Analyzing Eigenvalues .......................................................................20
4.2.3 Corner Response .................................................................................21
4.3 Feature Matching ...........................................................................................24
4.4 Image Combination........................................................................................27
4.5 Experimental Results .....................................................................................28
4.6 Conclusion .....................................................................................................29
Chapter 5 Image Stabilization with Image Composition .............................................31
5.1 Feature Detection Using SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) ............32
5.1.1 Scale-Space Extrema Detection..........................................................32
5.1.2 Keypoint Localization.........................................................................35
5.1.3 Orientation Assignment ......................................................................36
5.1.4 Keypoint Descriptor............................................................................37
5.1.5 SIFT Result .........................................................................................38
5.2 Feature Matching ...........................................................................................40
5.3 Pre-Rotation ...................................................................................................42
5.4 Binary Tree Image Composition....................................................................45
5.5 Flowchart of Our Algorithm ..........................................................................47
5.6 Experimental Results .....................................................................................48
Chapter 6 Conclusion and Future Work .......................................................................56
6.1 Dark Image Feature Detection .......................................................................56
6.2 Speed up Feature Matching ...........................................................................56
6.3 Image Composition........................................................................................5
Enhanced water permeability in nanofiltration membranes using 3D accordion-like MXene particles with random orientation of 2D nanochannels
No full textIncorporating 2D nanochannels of stacked nanosheets into a polyamide membrane has great potential to improve membrane permeability. However, reported 2D nanochannels are usually perpendicularly aligned to the water transport path direction, which results in an extremely tortuous water flow path and limits membrane performance. Herein, we demonstrated that the 2D nanochannels in 3D accordion-like MXene (AMXene) particles could be facilely incorporated in a polyamide matrix in a random orientation by continuous vacuum assisted assembly and interfacial polymerization on a porous substrate. The incorporation of the AMXene particles can significantly increase the effective area for water collection below the PA layer. In addition, the 2D nanochannel orientation endowed the membrane with much straighter water transport paths. These effects contribute to an ultra-higher membrane water permeance of 24.1 L m(-2) h(-1) bar(-1), which was 210% that of the control membrane without AMXene, and maintaining a higher Na2SO4 rejection of 97.1%. This study provided new insights into rationally engineering nanochannels in polyamide membranes for water treatment.</p
Forecasting, uncertainty, and public project appraisal
No full textUncertainty in project planning and appraisal is still topical in the World Bank and other lending and development agencies although it is certainly not a new issue. It is appropriate to reconsider the issue now because more than a decade of active research on risk analysis has transpired without, however, the seeming emergence of agreed procedures and practice. In particular, the implications for what information price forecasters should provide for risky project appraisers have yet to be clarified. In Section 2, theoretical arguments about the proper role of uncertainty in appraisal are reviewed, and this section is closed by discussion of the various'practical'methods that have been proposed, in and outside the World Bank. Further procedures for quantifying uncertainty in both forecasting and appraisal are considered in Section 3. Section 4 presents a set of procedures that seem workable and retain some theoretical defensibility. These are illustrated through an example. Finally, conclusions and implications are drawn out in Section 5.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Economics&Finance,Statistical&Mathematical Sciences,Insurance&Risk Mitigation
AlexeyAB/darknet: Yolo v3 optimal
No full textFeatures:
fusion blocks: FPN, PAN, ASFF, BiFPN
network modules: ResNet, CPS, SPP, RFB
network architecture search: CSPResNext50, CSPDarknet53, SpineNet49, EfficientNetB0, MixNet-M
activations: SWISH, MISH
other features: weighted-[shortcut], Sigmoid scaling (Scale-sensitivity), Label smoothing, Optimal hyper parameters, Dynamic mini batch size for random shapes, Squeeze-and-excitation, Grouped convolution, MixConv (grouped [route]), Elastic-module
data augmentation: MixUp, CutMix, Mosaic
losses: MSE, GIoU, CIoU, DIoU
detection layers: [yolo] (fixed iou_thresh), [Gaussian_yolo]
detection on video (sequence of frames) - layers: [crnn] (convolutional-RNN), [conv_lstm] (Convolutional LSTM
