1,720,981 research outputs found
Set-up of Z-scan Technique and Its Application in Two-photon Absorption of Heterometallic Complexes with Intensive Luminescence
No full textz-scan量測技術(Chapter 1)主要是將一道雷射光沿著樣品移動方向(z軸)聚焦並同時偵測光強度的改變，通常光強度的變化會是樣品在z軸位置的函數。假設如果在偵測器前面加上一個窄孔(我們通常稱呼為閉孔式裝置)，此時所偵測到的光強度變化會與光強度所造成的物質折射率改變相關，而物質折射率改變的會導致雷射光在焦點附近重新自聚焦或是自發散，這種現象主要是由三階非線性效應所引起。相對地，若偵測器前未加任何的孔並將所有的光都收集起來(我們通常稱呼為開孔式裝置)，此時所偵測到穿透光的強度變化會反應因光強度變化所造成的物質雙光子吸收。由以上的實驗裝置，我們可以簡單、快速且精準地測量物質本身的三階非線性效應及其物理量。 在本論文中，我主要是研究一系列金(I)-銅(I)、金(I)-銀(I)與銀(I)-銅(I)之異種金屬錯合物的光物理性質，並且利用自己所架設的z-scan量測技術測量其雙光子吸收特性(Chapter 3-7)。這些異種金屬錯合物主要都是經由自組裝結合而成，其光物理性質主要是具有很強的磷光放光性質，原因主要是因為metal-to-ligand charge transfer包含了中心的重金屬原子(如金、銀與銅)用以增強spin-orbit coupling，並造成強的磷光放光。更重要的是在有氧的情形下，這些磷光不具有oxygen quenching的效應，主要原因是在外圍的取代基太過於龐大，可以有效的保護電子在三重激發態時，不會被氧氣經由碰撞的形式代謝掉能量。同時間，我們也量測這些錯合物的雙光子吸收，結果顯示這些樣品不但具有強的磷光同時也具有較大的雙光子吸收係數(與一般的染料比較)。結合磷光與雙光子吸收這兩種性質，可提供這些樣品應用於時間解析影像與雙光子顯微技術的機會。The z-scan technique involves moving a sample along the path of a focused laser beam and measuring the light intensity at the detector as a function of its position along this z-axis (Chapter 1). If the detector has a narrow aperture (as in the so called “closed-aperture” setup), then the output is sensitive to intensity-dependent changes in the refractive index (as a result of third-order nonlinear polarizability or thermal effects) which lead to self-focusing or defocusing of the beam. Alternatively, if the detector collects all the light from the sample (“open-aperture” setup), then the output only reflects the intensity-dependent transmission, and can be used to measure two-photon absorption cross-sections. In this thesis, we studied the photophysical property and two-photon absorption cross-section for a series of AuI-CuI, AuI-AgI and AgI-CuI heterometallic alkynyl-diphosphine (diphosphine = PPh2-(C6H4)n-PPh2, n = 1, 2, 3) clusters (Chapter 3-7), which display a very intriguing structural pattern based on the heterometallic [AuxMy(C2Ph)2x]y-x fragments “wrapped” by the [Au3(diphosphine)3]3+ “belts”. As results, these complexes exhibit large two-photon absorption cross-sections and intense phosphores due to the transition involving metal-ligand charge transfer such that the heavy metal (Au) enhances spin-orbit coupling. More importantly, owing to fully protected chromophore by the bulky ancillary and bridging ligands, the phosphorescence is nearly inert to oxygen quenching. In combination the intensive phosphorescence intensity, minor O2 quenching property and the two-photon absorption property demonstrate these compounds with promising potential in two-photon emission imaging as well as phosphorescence dyes in time-resolved imaging.口試委員會審定書 I謝 II要 IIIBSTRACT IVIGURE CAPTIONS ACHEME CAPTIONS IABLE CAPTIONS JHAPTER 1. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP OF OPEN-APERTURE Z-SCAN TECHNIQUE 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Experimental Setup and Automation of Open-Aperture Z-scan Technique 3.2.1 Experimental Setup of Open-Aperture Z-scan Technique 3.2.2 Automation of Open-Aperture Z-scan Technique by LabVIEW 4.3 Analysis of Z-scan for a Thin Nonlinear Medium 9.4 Experimental Results and Discussion 14.5 Conclusion 16.6 References 17HAPTER 2. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION AND INSTRUMENTATION 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Steady-State Spectroscopy 18.2.1 Absorption of UV-visible Light and the Beer-Lambert Law 18.2.2 Emission Spectra 24.2.3 Excitation Spectra 31.3 Measurement of emission quantum yields 32.4 Time-correlated single photon counting 36.5 Two-photon induced emission (TPIE) method. 43.6 References 47HAPTER 3. INTENSELY LUMINESCENT ALKYNYL- PHOSPHINE GOLD(I)-COPPER(I) COMPLEXES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, PHOTOPHYSICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES 49.1 Abstract 49.2 Introduction 50.3 Experimental Section 52.3.1 General comments 52.3.2 General procedure for the preparation of heterometallic Au-Cu complexes. 53.3.3 Photophysical measurements 53.3.4 Computational details 54.4 Results and Discussion 55.4.1 Synthesis and characterization 55.4.2 Photophysical properties 63.4.3 Computational results 68.5 Conclusion 74.6 References 75HAPTER 4. STUDIES OF TWO-PHOTON PROPERTY OF INTENSELY LUMINESCENT ALKYNYL- PHOSPHINE GOLD(I)-COPPER(I) COMPLEXES 79.1 Abstract 79.2 Introduction 80.3 Experimental Section 83.3.1 Materials 83.3.2 Steady-state measurements. 84.3.3 Two-photon induced emission (TPIE) method. 84.3.4 Open-aperture Z-scan method. 86.4 Results and discussion 89.4.1 Steady-State Spectra 89.4.2 TPIE measurements 92.4.3 Z-scan measurements 96.4.4 Discussions 97.5 Conclusion 101.6 References 102HAPTER 5. INTENSELY, OXYGEN INDEPENDENT PHOSPHORESCENT GOLD(I)-SILVER(I) COMPLEX: “TRAPPING” AN AU8AG10 OLIGOMER BY TWO GOLD-ALKYNYL-DIPHOSPHINE MOLECULES 108.1 Abstract 108.2 Introduction 109.3 Experimental Section 109.3.1 General comments 109.3.2 General procedure for the preparation of heterometallic Au-Ag complexes 110.3.3 Photophysical measurements 112.3.4 Computational details 113.4 Results and discussion 114.4.1 Synthesis and characterization 114.4.2 Photophysical properties 120.4.3 Computational results 124.4.4 Two-photon absorption properties 127.5 Conclusion 129.6 References 130HAPTER 6. A LUMINESCENT AU(I)–AG(I) ALKYNYL- DIPHOSPHINE AGGREGATE: A REDUCTIVE FUSION OF TWO HETEROMETALLIC CLUSTERS 134.1 Abstract 134.2 Introduction 134.3 Experimental Section 135.3.1 Photophysical measurements 135.3.2 Computational details 136.4 Results and discussion 137.4.1 Synthesis and characterization 137.4.2 Photophysical properties 140.4.3 Computational results 142.4.4 Two-photon absorption properties 144.5 Conclusion 146.6 References 147HAPTER 7. SYNTHESIS, PHOTOPHYSICAL AND THEORETICAL STUDIES OF LUMINESCENT SILVER(I)−COPPER(I) ALKYNYL-DIPHOSPHINE COMPLEXES 151.1 Abstract 151.2 Introduction 152.3 Experimental Section 154.3.1 General comments 154.3.2 General procedure for the preparation of heterometallic Ag-Cu complexes 154.3.3 Photophysical measurements 157.3.4 Computational details 158.4 Results and discussion 158.4.1 Synthesis and characterization 158.4.2 Photophysical properties 167.4.3 Computational results 173.5 Conclusion 178.6 References 17
Study on the model of Applying Balanced Scorecard to Establish Cardiac Catheterization center in Community Hospital
No full text隨著國人飲食習慣西化、不良的生活習慣、及現代生活壓力因素、以及老化社會對健康的影響，讓心血管疾病對健康的威脅與衝擊越來越普遍，而連帶心導管檢查的需求越來越頻繁。
在心臟內科之侵襲式檢查與治療中，以心導管檢查及手術為主。其對冠狀動脈心臟病的診斷與治療，效果已為心臟醫學界所證實，特別是其微小創傷(less invasive)的特性，降低病患手術後復原復建之時間及成本， 且對特定族群之病患具有臨床上顯著之效益，且縮小病患回復社會勞動參予所須之時間。尤其近年來在影像及治療耗材科技的研發大幅進展下， 其對心血管疾病治療之重要性已提升為優先之等級，因此近年為各醫院所大力投資發展。
近年來，醫療機構面臨環境的快速變遷，以及健保的「總額支付」，「論件計酬」與 價量調查等制度的實施，加上老年人口及慢性疾病的持續成長帶動醫療支出的上升，但保險支付之成長率僅為3-3.5%，加以醫院主要利潤來源之藥價差，亦受到藥價調整之劇烈衝擊，利潤緊縮與醫院間的競爭，均造成醫療產業的不穩定性與複雜性，迫使醫院必須採取創新與集團化的經營策略，創造差異化與營運經濟規模，以因應競爭並保持長期持續獲利之核心能力。
而在目前國內的醫院評鑑分級中，以地區醫院所面對的衝擊較大型的院所來得大，原因包括: (1)醫療相關資源及專科醫師來源受限，(2)大型醫學中心集團化，及(3)高價先進設備的採購設置，造成營運資金之負擔，但無適當之先進設備投資將造成醫療品質之下降。是故，地區醫院如何透過特色經營與管理，深耕社區醫學以取得醫療照護便利性之優勢，吸引在地的老年患者前來就醫並加強疾病管理的全人照護模式，走出一條創新及顯著差異化的路，是當前維持永續經營的重要的方向。
本研究旨在引用台灣北部某地區教學醫院為案例，研究該案例醫院為因應醫療環境變遷及慢性疾病之趨勢，心血管治療需求增加，欲尋求醫院創新營運模式，由門診藥品收入及基礎檢查為主要營收之模式，轉型為以心血管疾病之整合式管理之急重症醫院, 經由投資新設心導管治療中心，帶動醫院之轉型，並引用平衡計分卡作為導入之策略工具之案例分析。
進而運用此實際之案例分析，應用平衡計分卡做為策略工具建立可行之模式，以供地區醫院發展心導管中心之參考
Studies of Two-Photon Property of Intensely Luminescent Alkynyl-Phosphine Gold(I)-Copper(I) Complexes
No full text
An intensely and oxygen independent phosphorescent gold(I)–silver(I) complex: trapping an Au8Ag10 oligomer by two gold-alkynyl-diphosphine molecules
No full textEmissive Pt(II) complexes bearing both cyclometalated ligand and 2-pyridyl hexafluoropropoxide ancillary chelate
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
