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The Development of the Taiwanese Version of the Manual Ability Measure for Burns
No full text 背景：以適當的評估工具評估手部燒燙傷病患之手功能是極為重要的。然而，當今用於評估手部燒燙傷病患之數種評估工具心理計量上及臨床實用性上皆有其不適切之處，也並沒有專門適用於燒燙傷病患之評估工具；可能因而導致遺漏了重要的資訊，而影響手功能評估的準確性及後續的臨床治療。自覺徒手功能評量乃用於評估個案的自覺手功能狀況，可協助了解個案主觀最欲改善的問題，且在臨床之使用亦較便利，但其心理計量等相關特性並未在燒燙傷族群中經過驗證。
目的：本研究乃以自覺徒手功能評量(MAM-36)為基礎，欲針對手部燒燙傷病患發展出「燒燙傷用台灣版自覺徒手功能評量」(T-MAM for Burns)並驗證其心理計量特性，用以評估燒燙傷病患之自覺手功能。
方法：原始版 MAM-36問卷先進行翻譯並作文化上之調整，隨後加入針對燒燙傷設計之題項形成初始版「燒燙傷用台灣版自覺徒手功能評量」問卷。將初始版問卷於45名有復健需求之手部燒燙傷病患，並追蹤三個月。正式版問卷之題項乃依據心裡計量分析結果自初始版篩選出，且同時分析其心理計量特質(如信效度)及其於第一個月與第三個月追蹤時之反應性。
結果：最後被選入正式版「燒燙傷用台灣版自覺徒手功能評量」問卷者共20題，並附加三題用作臨床參考(不列入計分)。本問卷具有良好之內部一致性與再測信度(Cronbach’s α = 0.947; ICC = 0.987)。同時效度結果顯示「燒燙傷用台灣版自覺徒手功能評量」之分數與QuickDASH高度相關(r = -0.786)，並與傑布森─泰勒手功能測驗(JTHFT)及握╱指力中度相關(r值分別為-0.487、0.660及0.631)。第一個月及第三個月追蹤之效果值分別為0.24及0.44，顯示本評量具有小至中等之反應性。區辨效度部份，以燒燙傷面積(TBSA) 25%切分為兩組之總分並無顯著差異，但「燒燙傷用台灣版自覺徒手功能評量」高分組及低分組則具顯著差異。
結論：「燒燙傷用台灣版自覺徒手功能評量」為一具信效度、針對燒燙傷族群使用的自覺徒手功能評估工具，且可反應出燒燙傷患者不同時間點時的徒手功能改變情形，可用作燒燙傷復健之結果評估。 Background: To evaluate hand function of hand-burn patients with adequate tools is essential. However, it seems that no burn-specific hand function measurement tools are available, while common-used tools lack validation in burn population. The quality of hand function evaluation and the following rehabilitation intervention might therefore be jeopardized. The Manual Ability Measure (MAM-36) is a questionnaire evaluates self-perceived manual ability. It can help to recognize clients’ subjective first-priority problems and is clinically more convenient to administer, but has not been validated in burn population.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate Taiwanese Version of the Manual Ability Measure for Burns (T-MAM for Burns), an evaluation tool adapted from the MAM-36, to assess self-perceived manual ability of burn patients.
Methods: The original MAM-36 was translated and cultural-adapted first and burn-specific items were added, forming a preliminary version of the T-MAM for Burns. The preliminary T-MAM for Burns was field-tested in a consecutive sample of 45 hand-burn patients with rehabilitation needs, and a three-month follow-up was done. Items of the final T-MAM for Burns were selected based on the results of psychometric analysis. Psychometric properties such as reliability and validity of the T-MAM for Burns were investigated, as well as its responsiveness at the first and third month follow-ups.
Results: Twenty items were selected into the final T-MAM for Burns, with three additional items as clinical reference (not to be counted into the total score). The T-MAM for Burns was found to have excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.947; ICC = 0.987). Concurrent validity results showed that the T-MAM for Burns score was highly correlated to the short form Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) (r = -0.786) and moderately correlated to the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (r = -0.487) and grip/pinch power (r = 0.660 and 0.631, respectively). The effect sizes at the first and third month follow-ups were 0.24 and 0.44, respectively, showing a small to moderate responsiveness. Regarding the discriminant validity, no significant difference in total score was found between two groups divided by TBSA = 25%, but the scoring was significantly different between the high and low T-MAM for Burns score groups.
Conclusions: The T-MAM for Burns is a valid and reliable tool to assess the perceived manual ability among burn patients. It can reflect the changes of manual ability over time, and can be used as an outcome measure in burns rehabilitation
Interpretation and the Implied Author: A Descriptive Project
No full textThe utterance model is a popular basis for theories of interpretation in the contemporary analytic philosophy of literature. This model suggests that interpretation should be constrained by a work’s identity-relevant factors in its context of production because a work, like an utterance, acquires its identity and content in part from its relations with that context. From a descriptive point of view, I argue that the implied author account of interpretation best describes critical practice following the current positions based on the utterance model. That is, people who interpret in accordance with these positions end up interpreting an implied author
The development and preliminary validation of the Taiwanese Manual Ability Measure for Burns
No full textObjective: To develop and validate the Taiwanese Manual Ability Measure for Burns (T-MAM for Burns), a task-oriented functional evaluation tool to assess self-reported manual ability in burn patients. ;Design: A longitudinal study. ;Participants: A sample of 45 burn patients from burn rehabilitation centers with varying degrees of hand involvement. ;Methods: The preliminary testing version was formed by adding burn specific items to the Taiwanese version of the Manual Ability Measure. A field test was then conducted for item reduction and psychometric properties testing. ;Results: Out of 55 initial items, 20 were selected into the final version of the T-MAM for Burns. Psychometric analyses indicated that it was reliable (test-retest ICC = .99), with adequate concurrent validity with various other hand function tests (r = -.79 with the short form Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, or, the QuickDASH) and discriminative validity (significant difference (t = 2.99, P = .005) between groups with unilateral vs. bilateral hand burns), and responsive (ES = .24 and .44 at one- and 3-month evaluations). ;Conclusion: This study shows that the T-MAM for Burns has great potential to be a functional outcome measure for burn rehabilitation. Additional research with a larger sample should be conducted to further confirm its validity and reliability. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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