1,721,005 research outputs found
An Application of Health Belief Model for Nurses’Pevention Behaviors about Needle-Stick Injury, lood and Body Fluid Exposure
No full text本研究目的係在了解護理人員對防治針扎及血液體液暴觸的健康信念及行為，並探討影響其防治行為的相關因素。研究對象為台北市某區域教學醫院5家綜合院區的臨床護理人員，以自擬式問卷進行調查，發出1,350份問卷，共回收1,090份，其中有效問卷為774份，有效回收率約57%。究結果顯示：受訪者以女性居多、未婚、多數具有專科或大學學歷、工作總年資約1-5年，多數曾有針扎或血液體液暴觸經驗，並具有B型肝炎抗體。以健康信念而言，有以下結論：1. 認為若發生針扎或血液體液暴觸事件，因此感染血液傳染病的機會高；2.若因此患病，對自己及家人皆會有影響；3. 認為使用防護具及採取防護措施行為是有助益的；4. 並不認為使用防護具或採取防護措施所面臨的障礙會使其不採取防護措施行為；5. 同意若防治針扎及血液體液暴觸行為的訊息來源多，會促使其願意使用防護具及採取防護措施行為。統計方法結果，有以下變項在防治針扎及血液體液暴觸行為具統計的顯著差異：1. 社會人口學變項：「性別」、「年齡」、「有血液體液暴觸經驗」；2. 健康信念變項：「自覺嚴重性認知」、「自覺利益性認知」、「自覺障礙性認知」、及「行動線索」。其中，以「自覺利益性認知」、及「自覺障礙性認知」可做為護理人員使用防護具及採取防護措施行為的預測指標，聯合解釋變異量為10%，以「自覺障礙性認知」最具預測力。續相關研究建議可加入「自我效能」變項以增強整體預測力，及「介入措施」以評估其行為改變之成效。本研究僅呈現該區域教學醫院綜合院區護理人員針扎及血液體液暴觸的防治行為現況，無法外推至國內其他醫院之臨床護理人員，但可做為臨床護理人員預防針扎及血液體液暴觸在職教育課程設計與推廣使用防護具及採取防護措施策略之參考。The aim of the study was to explore the registered nurses’ health belief about the prevention behaviors of needle-stick injury, blood and body fluid exposure. We used the questionnaires and surveyed nurses working in the five branches of Taipei City Hospital. There were 774 effective questionnaires return, and the response rate was about 57%. he results showed: they were most female nurses, single, got the college or baccalaureate degrees, working about 1-5 years in the hospital, had experienced the needle-stick injuries, blood and body fluid injuries, and had the hepatitis B antibodies. They agreed they would tend to get the blood-borne diseases if they got the needle-stick injuries or blood and body fluid exposures, as well as hurt their beloved families badly. They thought it was good to wear protection equipments and to take protective actions. Besides, they disagreed that time-consuming or less efficient were barriers in wearing the protection equipments. If there were more cues to action, it would push them to take the protective actions. he demographic factors such as gender, age, blood and body fluid exposure experience, and health beliefs,”perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to action”, were statistically significant in protective behaviors. The predict factors were “perceived benefits”, and “perceived barriers”, however, they only explained 10% of the variance of the preventive behavior. ”Perceived barriers” is the most influential predictor. It is suggested that further studies examine self-efficacy factor, other than health belief. It is also suggested that intervention strategy to strengthen the preventive behavior. The study was not generalizable to nurses working in other hospitals in Taiwan, but it was useful to provide information in designing the nurses’ training programs about the prevention behaviors of the needle-stick injury, blood and body fluid exposure.誌謝...................................................I文摘要..............................................II文摘要.............................................III錄..................................................IV表目錄.............................................VII一章 緒論一節 研究動機及其重要性........1 二節 研究目的..................2 二章 文獻探討一節 職業性針扎與血液體液暴觸的相關概念..............2二節 健康信念模式簡介................................6三節 運用健康信念於針扎或血液體液暴觸防護行為 之相關研究.....................................10三章 研究方法一節 研究概念架構...................................12二節 研究假設.......................................12三節 名詞定義.......................................13四節 研究對象.......................................15五節 研究工具及資料收集流程.........................16四章 研究結果一節 護理人員之基本屬性..............................20二節 健康信念量表得分分佈............................28三節 實際採取防護措施行為情形........................34四節 社會人口學變項對護理人員預防針扎及血液體液暴觸之健 康信念及實際採取防護措施行為的相關因素..........38五節 健康信念變項對護理人員預防針扎及血液體液暴觸實際採 取防護措施行為相關因素..........................50六節 護理人員實際採取防護措施行為的預測指標..........52五章 研究討論一節 研究對象的現況描述..............................56二節 影響護理人員使用防護具及採取防護措施行為相關因素.59六章 研究結論、限制、與建議一節 研究結論……………………………………………………61二節 研究限制……………………………………………………61三節 研究建議……………………………………………………62七章 參考文獻文部份................................................64文部份................................................65件一、開放式問卷及統計結果............................68件二、正式問卷........................................73件三、專家名冊........................................80件四、人體試驗委員會審核同意回覆函....................81件五、基本資料交叉分析表..............................8
Specific Gene Expression of Nitroreductase in Zebrafish Primordial Germ Cells for the Inhibition of Gonadal Development
No full text過去數十年，全球基於增加水產養殖效率及生產量之目的，已將基因轉殖技術廣泛運用於各種經濟魚類，然而至今基因轉殖魚的商品化行銷除基因轉殖觀賞魚外仍受限制，主要原因是全球關注基因轉殖魚若流放到自然環境中可能會造成基因流佈或野生種的滅絕的議題。有鑑於此，基因轉殖魚的不孕控制成為解決此問題的重要技術。傳統魚類不孕控制技術如三倍體技術或用antisense RNA將生殖相關賀爾蒙剔除等方式均無法達成百分之百不孕之效果，此外若這些方法成功，則轉基因魚也無法維持保種，因此不孕平台的開發則須為誘導性。始基生殖細胞在魚類生殖上是卵巢或精巢之前驅細胞，本研究以斑馬魚為模式建立誘導性不孕控制平台技術，以始基生殖細胞專一性之nanos與kop啟動子分別表現NTR及螢光之融合蛋白，並分別建立Tg(Nanos:CFP-NTR)及Tg(Kop:NTR-GFP)基因轉殖魚，從大腸桿菌選殖而來之nitroreductase (NTR) 酵素能夠將無毒性的基質Mtz轉變為細胞毒素，導致細胞死亡，結果發現在一個細胞時期之胚胎及20天之幼魚時期開始持續不斷浸泡在5 mM Mtz會造成基因轉殖魚性腺發育有缺陷且生殖能力明顯下降，NTR/Mtz的系統會調控幼魚時期類卵母細胞的構造發生細胞凋亡而導致類卵母細胞的退化並發育成有缺陷的精巢，本結果提供作一模式平台，作為誘導性控制基因轉殖魚之不孕，並期望本模式平台未來在水產養殖上可提供經濟效益並應用於水產優質種苗的保種應用。In the past decades, the transgenic fish of various species are being actively investigated worldwide for increasing efficiency of aquaculture production. However, the commercialization of genetically modified fish is restricted beside of transgenic ornamental fish. The global concern about ecological issue is genetically modified (GM) fish which may cause gene-flow and the threat of extinction of natural stock. In view of this issue, sterility control technology becomes important technology to solve this problem. Traditional sterility techniques such as polyploidy technology and knockdown of reproductive hormone by antisense RNA are not totally reliable. Furthermore, even through these sterile course are totally sterility, the fish stock can’t be inherited for maintenance; hence inducible sterile technology must be needed to develop for maintaining the fish stock. Nitroreductase (NTR), which is an enzyme with the ability to converse metronidazole substrate into cytotoxin and leading to cell death. In the present study, a 3 kb nanos promoter and a 5 kb askopos (kop) promoter were cloned and used to trigger NTR expression specifically in primordial germ cells (PGCs) which are germ cells give rise to gametes involved in reproduction. Through the consecutive immersion of 5 mM Mtz at early stage and juvenile gonad stage, the reproductive capacity of transgenic fish is reduced comparing to those without Mtz treatment. Our results also demonstrated that apoptosis of juvenile ovary mediated by NTR/Mtz system causes degeneration of juvenile ovary and lead to development of defective testis structure in all male fish. These results can provide as a model for inducible control the sterility of GM fish and we expected this model can offer economic benefits for maintenance of superior breeds in aquaculture purpose.Contentscknowledgement………………………………………………………ⅰhinese Abstract…………………………………………………ⅱnglish Abstract………………………………………………ⅲontents…………………………………………………………ⅴable contents………………………………………………………ⅶigure contents………………………………………………………ⅷppendix………………………………………………………………ⅹ. Introduction……………………………………………………1 A. GMO concern in aquatic animals B.Traditional approaches for sterile control of aquatic organism C. Zebrafish reproductive system D. PGCs-specific promoter E. Cells ablation methods in zebrafish. Rationale and Objective…………………………………10. Materials and Methods……………………………………11. Results………………………………………………………17 A. Construction of plasmids for injection B. Establishment of Tg(Kop:NTR-GFP) and g(Nanos:CFP-NTR) C. NTR was PGCs-specific expression in transgenic line D. Determination of optimal Mtz concentration for PGCs ablation E. NTR/Mtz mediated specific PGCs ablation F. Sex determination and evaluation of reproductive capacity G. NTR/Mtz mediated degeneration of juvenile ovary via apoptosis H. Degeneration of juvenile ovary lead to male phenotype and defect in testes . Discussion………………………………………………………25. References………………………………………………28able contentsable 1. Primers designed for construction and RT-PCR……32igure contentsig. 1. Construction of expression plasmids…………33ig. 2. Detection of integrated efficiency of transponase mediated-injected constructs by transient embryo excision assay (TEEA)…………………..34ig. 3. Fluorescence expression in PGCs of F2 Tg (Kop:GFP), Tg (Kop:NTR- GFP) and Tg (Nanos:CFP-NTR) were observed under fluorescent microscope using bright field, FITC filter and merge…………………………………35ig. 4. Detection of NTR-GFP or CFP-NTR expression in transgenic line by RT-PCR…………………………………36ig. 5. Detection of PGCs at 3 dpf zebrafish by whole-mount in situ using vasa and ntr probe…………………………37ig. 6. Wild type zebrafish embryos were continuous immersed with different Mtz concentration (0~20 mM)…38ig. 7. The mortality and survival rate of zebrafish embryos after consecutive immersions in different Mtz concentration………………………………39ig. 8. Tg (Kop:GFP ) with Mtz treatment…………………40ig. 9. Ablation of PGCs in Tg (Kop:NTR-GFP ) by Mtz treatment…41ig. 10. Ablation of PGCs in Tg (Nanos:NTR-GFP) by Mtz treatment…………42ig. 11. Sex determination and evaluation of reproductive capacity by mortality rate of laid eggs……………………43ig. 12. Juvenile ovary at 30 dpf of Tg (Nanos:CFP-NTR) was observed under florescent microscope by HE staining……44ig. 13. Juvenile ovary at 30 dpf of Tg (Nanos:CFP-NTR) was observed under florescent microscope by TUNEL assay……45ig. 14. All Tg (Nanos:CFP-NTR) turn into male fish after 30 days post-immersion of 5 mM Mtz…………………………46ig. 15. Testis tissue of Tg (Nanos:CFP-NTR) at 50 dpf was observed under florescent microscope by HE staining……47ig. 16. Testis tissue of Tg (Nanos:CFP-NTR) at 50 dpf was observed under florescent microscope by HE staining……48ig. 17. Reproductive capacity was evaluated by mortality rate of laying eggs…49ppendixpp. 1 Germ cells develop in zebrafish……………50pp. 2 The mechanism of NTR to induce apoptosis by converting the non-toxic prodrug Mtz into a cytotoxic metabolite…………………………………5
Functional Roles of PARP7 Oral Cancer Cells
No full text根據民國95 年行政院衛生署統計，口腔癌已成為台灣男性十大癌症發生率的第五位，且是年增率第一高的癌症死因，而嚼食檳榔已被證實為導致口腔癌發生最主要的危險因子。檳榔鹼 arecoline是檳榔中最主要的興奮成分，在唾液中的濃度可達140 g/ml。過去研究發現它對多種細胞具有細胞毒性以及基因毒性，這些傷害可能造成細胞生長停滯或細胞凋亡，但目前對檳榔是否誘發口腔細胞凋亡及其調控機制瞭解不多。Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) 是存在於多數真核細胞當中一類多功能蛋白質轉譯後修飾酶，由資料庫搜尋，已經找出至少有18種不同的基因產物具有PARP族群的特質。PARP廣泛的參與細胞內多種生理活動, 例如DNA損傷修復與細胞凋亡等。而近期的研究當中，也發現PARP的活性會影響癌症的進程，進而開始研發利用PARP抑制劑作為治療癌症的新方法。在本研究當中，我們利用RT-PCR觀察口腔上皮細胞在經過arecoline處理之後PARPs受到調控的情形。我們首先發現SAS口腔上皮細胞在經過arecoline處理之後,會誘發PARP家族中的一個成員 – PARP7 – 的的表現。我們進一步利用免疫共沉澱的技術發現，PARP7的表現集中在細胞核的位置。接著，經由PARP activity assay，我們發現PARP7確實有poly ADP-ribosylation的活性，但是，與其他PARP家族成員不同的是，他將只會在目標蛋白質上面加上一個或少於六個的ADP-ribose。最後，經由質譜儀的技術我們分析到Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (NBS1)，一種參與在DNA雙股斷裂修復 (DNA double strain break) 過程中的蛋白質，會和PARP7有交互作用。總結而言，我們確定了人類新穎基因 – PARP7 – 確實有ADP-ribosylation的活性，另一方面，他可能會經由與NBS1的交互作用，參與在DNA雙股斷裂修復的機制當中。我們希望這些針對口腔癌細胞和PARP7的研究，可以作為將來針對口腔癌治療藥物研發的參考。There are approximately 2 million habitual chewers in Taiwan. According to various studies, it has been considered that betel quid chewing to be an independent risk factor in the development of oral cancers . As a result, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has evaluated Areca nut (AN), the main component in various forms of betel preparations, as a carcinogen to human in 2003. However, the definite pathogenesis and multifactorial mechanisms implicated by AN chewing are still not fully understood.recoline is the main alkaloid of AN with a soluble feature in water and alcohol. This compound is mutagenic and increases the risk of chromosome instability. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) comprise a protein family involved in a number of cellular processes including DNA repair and programmed cell death. Its functions have been correlated to cancer formation from several aspects and recently the use of PARP inhibitors as anti-cancer therapy becomes longstanding approach from different laboratories in last decades. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of PARPs in arecoline induced SAS oral cancer cells. We found that PARP7, as a member of PARPs, is up-regulated in in this condition in both mRNA and protein level. Using immuno-fluorescence staining, we found that exogenous PARP7 locate at the cell nucleus. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the product of PARP7 catalytic domain has ADP-ribosylation activity. Our data reveal that PARP7 is not a conventional PARP, which add long chain of ADP-ribose moieties to acceptor proteins. In contrast, it adds one or less than 6 ADP-ribose to histones. Finally, we analyzed that PARP7 associates with NBS1, one of the key members participating in homologous recombination by protein mass spectrometry. Together, our results indicate that PARP7 may be involved in DNA repair which is induced by arecoline treatment. We anticipate that our results can provide a reference for future drug development for oral cancer therapy.1 INTRODUCTION 6.1 HEAD AND NECK CANCER 7.2 ORAL CANCER 7.3 ORAL CANCER IN TAIWAN 8.4 BETEL NUT 9.5 ARECOLINE 9.6 PARP 10.6.1 DNA repair 11.6.2 Apoptosis/Necrosis (Cell Death) 12.6.3 Transcription 12.7 PARP7/TIPARP 13.8 PURPOSE OF STUDY 15 MATERIALS AND METHODS 16.1 CHEMICALS 17.2 CELL CULTURE, AN TREATMENT 17.3 WESTERN BLOT 17.4 MRNA EXPRESSION ANALYSIS 18.5 CONSTRUCT FLAG-PARP7 FUSION GENE 18.6 IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE 18.7 IMMUNOPRECIPITATION 19.8 PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION 20.9 PARP ACTIVITY ASSAY 21 RESULTS 22.1 PARP7 IS UP-REGULATED IN SAS AFTER TREATED WITH ARECOLIN 23.2 EXOGENOUS PARP7 LOCATE AT THE CELL NUCLEUS 24.3 PARP7 ASSOCIATES WITH NBS1, AND MAY BE PARTICIPATED IN DNA REPAIR 24.4 THE PRODUCT OF PARP7 CATALYTIC DOMAIN IS WITH ADP-RIBOSYLATION ACTIVITY THAT ADDS LESS THAN 6 ADP-RIBOSE TO HISTONES 25 DISCUSSION 28 FIGURES 32ig. 1 Molecular (genetic and epigenetic) progression model of multistep oral carcinogenesis. 33ig. 2 The PARP superfamily. 35ig. 3 Genomic localization and structure of PARP7 on human chromosome 3q25.1. 36ig. 4 Domain structure of PARP7. PARP7 contains 3 functional domains. 37ig. 5 Expression profile of PARP family proteins after treatment with arecoline. 37ig. 6 The construction of mammalian-express vector for FLAG-tagged recombinant PARP7. 38ig. 7 The localization of exogenous PARP7 in SAS cells. 38ig. 8 Isolation of PARP7 complex from SDS-PAGE. 39ig. 9 The result of NBS1 hit by mass spectrometry in PARP7 complex after immunopricipitation. 39ig. 10 Poly ADP-ribosylation activity of PARP7. 40ig. 11 Poly ADP-ribosylation activity of PARP7 was detected by Liquid scintillation assay. 40ig. 12 NBS1 is involved in the DNA double strand break repair response. 41ig. 13 The results of full length PARP7 construct compared with NCBI database. 44ig. 14 The coding sequence, amino acid sequence and SNP of PARP7. 47 REFERENCE 4
A Research on Cigarette Demand and Regulation Policy of Cigarette
No full text台灣為因應歐美國家要求我國菸品市場開放，在1987年開放國內菸品市場並且結束菸酒專賣制度。雖然國內菸草種植面積開始逐年下降，消費量卻呈現增加趨勢。由於吸菸不但對人體具有很大危害，每年治療因吸菸所導致疾病之健保醫療支出，亦為全民健保的沉重負擔。因此，政府為有效降低國人吸菸率，1997年開始實施菸害防制法、2002年推行菸酒新稅制，加徵菸品健康福利捐。
本研究利用1971年至2009年之紙菸消費量及零售價格等時間序列資料，並考量台灣紙菸開放進口、菸盒警示標語、菸害防制法、吸菸健康風險訊息，以及菸品健康福利捐等因素，建構台灣紙菸需求模型，全面性的探討渠等對國人菸品需求的影響，以提供菸品管理政策後續修正之參卓。
實證結果指出，在1971年至2009年，國產紙菸及進口紙菸之價格彈性分別為-0.88及-0.47，所得彈性則分別為0.06及0.18；國產紙菸對進口紙菸之交叉彈性為0.40，進口紙菸對國產紙菸之交叉彈性為0.63。此外，吸菸健康風險訊息、菸盒警告標語，以及菸品健康福利捐、對國內紙菸需求具有負面影響，菸品開放進口對國產紙菸消費具負面影響，但對進口紙菸消費具正面影響。最後，菸害防制法對國產紙菸需求具負面影響，但對進口菸品需求的影響並不明顯。
政府以抑制吸菸率為目標之菸害防制法等措施，雖具有抑制紙菸消費的效果；然而，抑菸政策對於進口紙菸的影響效果卻不如國產紙菸顯著，推測原因可能為，進口紙菸的類型較為多樣化，且部分高價進口紙菸予人較高級的質感，故在價格彈性及替代性上，較不如國產紙菸般易受影響。此外，與先進國家相比，我國紙菸價格仍有漲價空間，基於本研究結果，以價制量為有效之政策方法，故政府應繼續提高菸品健康福利捐之稅賦，並將菸品健康福利捐，改為從價計稅，以增加對進口紙菸銷售量的影響。In order to response the requests from western countries, Taiwan Government continually practiced import liberation of foreign cigarettes and terminated tobaccos and wines monopoly in 1987. Furthermore, smoking not only increases the risk of getting disease but also augments the cost of medical treatment of national health insurance. In order to lower the smoking rate and subsidize the National Health Insurance, Taiwan Government continually carried out the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act in 1997,change of the Tobacco and Alcohol Tax Law in 2002, and the Tobacco Health and Welfare Tax.
This paper aims to analysis the comprehensive influence Tobacco Hazards Prevention and of Tobacco Health and Welfare Tax on demand for cigarette in Taiwan. Annual time series data through 1971 to 2009 from Taiwan tare used to estimate the demand for cigarettes, in consideration of the import liberation of foreign cigarettes, of anti-smoking campaigns on cigarette case, of the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act, of smoking-related health information, and of the Tobacco Health and Welfare Tax. Moreover, this paper hopes to provide government with suggestion about the amendment of cigarette management policy.
The results indicate that the price elasticities for domestic and imported cigarettes are -0.88and -0.47, respectively. The income elasticities are 0.06 for domestic and 0.18 for imported cigarettes and the cross-price elasticities are 0.40 for domestic and 0.63 for imported cigarettes through 1971 to 2009. Besides, the spread of cigarette health information, anti-smoking campaigns on cigarette case, and the Tobacco Health and Welfare Tax have had a significantly negative effect on domestic and imported cigarette consumption. In addition, opening the markets to imported cigarettes has had a significantly negative effect on domestic cigarette consumption, but had a significantly positive effect on imported cigarette consumption. Finally, Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act has a significantly negative effect on domestic cigarette consumption, but had an insignificantly effect on imported cigarette consumption.
Although Taiwan cigarette management policies are significant, their effects on domestic cigarettes are more significant than on imported cigarettes. We presume that imported cigarettes have a variety of categories, and some of them have high qualities. Therefore, imported cigarettes’ absolute value of price elasticity and income elasticity are smaller than domestic cigarettes’. Furthermore, the prices of cigarettes in Taiwan are still too low and raising the prices is an effective method for reducing the consumption on cigarette. For these reasons, in order to increase the influence on consumption of imported cigarettes, Taiwan Government should increase the amount of the Tobacco Health and Welfare Tax, and transform it from unit tax into ad valorem tax
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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