1,720,957 research outputs found
Preparation of porous microcrystalline cellulose and its properties
No full text研究顯示，鈉攝取量與發生高血壓以及心臟病的風險呈正相關性。美國心臟協會在2010年提出減少食品中鈉含量10-40%的建議，足見發展減鹽食品是市場的趨勢。本研究可分為兩部分，第一部分利用酵素進行水解，製造具較大比表面積的多孔性纖維素，第二部份將多孔性纖維素與幾丁聚醣結合，並以其做為氯化鈉的載體，期望藉由纖維素的多孔性結構及與幾丁聚醣結合後產生的功能特性，達到延長氯化鈉溶解釋放的時間，當味覺較持久即可望減少食鹽的攝取量。由實驗結果發現，在酵素與基質重量比例為0.025的條件下進行水解4小時可使大部份纖維素表面出現多孔性結構，其比表面積、孔體積與保水力分別增加為原料的2.6、3.4及1.4倍。當纖維素懸浮液與0.3 %幾丁聚醣溶液以1:1 (V/ V)比例於160 rpm混合6小時，每克纖維素原料可結合的幾丁聚醣達最大值4.88毫克 (mg chitosan/ g cellulose)。經酵素處理3、4、5小時的纖維素與幾丁聚醣結合的能力則分別提昇為5.5、6.1、6.0 (mg chitosan/ g cellulose)。其中，水解4小時的纖維素結合幾丁聚醣，界面電位由-16 mV上昇為31.43 mV，代表幾丁聚醣可包覆在纖維素表面並改變其介面電位特性。以RC_Chi (纖維素-幾丁聚醣複合物)及HC_Chi (水解4小時纖維素-幾丁聚醣複合物)做為氯化鈉的載體，於添加3%食鹽水組可分別使NaCl達釋放終點時間延長為對照組(等量的氯化鈉直接在水中溶解釋放的組別)的1.4與8.1倍；於添加31.28%食鹽水組則分別延長為對照組的1.3與6.5倍。顯示俱多孔性結構的HC_Chi比RC_Chi更可顯著降低NaCl於水中溶解釋放的速度。According to the study daily sodium intake has a positive correlation with risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In 2010, American Heart Association suggested the food producer to reduce 10-40% sodium content of their products. Obviously, development of salt reduction products is a current trend. This study was divided into two parts. In the first part, the preparation of porous cellulosic materials was employed by enzymatic hydrolysis. In the other part, combination of porous cellulosic material and chitosan was tested to create a complex material to be a carrier of sodium chloride for the purpose of prolongation of sodium chloride dissolution. The longer the salty taste is maintained, the less intake of salt is approached. The result denoted that the porous cellulosic material was successfully prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis for 4 hours and E/S 0.025. Their specific surface area, pore volume and water holding capacity, in comparison to the raw cellulose, were improved to be 2.6, 3.4 and 1.4 times, respectively. The maximum binding capacity of raw cellulose to chitosan was 4.88 (mg chitosan/g cellulose) in the mixture (1:1 V/V) of cello-dispersion and 0.3% chitosan solution with 6 hours and 160 rpm agitation. Cellulose hydrolyzed 3, 4 and 5 hours can be respective promoted their binding ability to chitosan to 5.5, 6.1 and 6.0 (mg chitosan/g cellulose). The binding of chitosan onto porous cellulosic material varied the zeta potential of the cellulose from -16 mV to 31.43 mV, which changed the charge property of cellulose interfaces. The steady state duration of the NaCl dissolution could be postponed to 1.4 and 8.1 times for the samples of RC_Chi (raw cellulose-chitosan complex) and HC_Chi (hydrolysis cellulose-chitosan complex) for the 3% NaCl test, as compared to the raw cellulose, and they were 1.3 and 6.5 times for the 31.28% NaCl test. It proved that the porous cellulose/chitosan complex significantly retarded the desorption of NaCl than did the un-hydrolyzed one
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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