1,720,968 research outputs found
Developmental Trajectories of Body Mass Index ：Patterns and Onset of Overweight among 1st to 6th Graders
No full text目標：探討學童從一至六年級之身體質量指數(BMI)的發展軌跡類型及國小入學後首次超重的時間，並進一步找出相關因素。方法：運用兒童與青少年行為長期發展研究計畫，2001年就讀國小一年級至2006年時完整追蹤之研究樣本，且有學童及家長之身高及體重資料，共1609人。採用生態模式之概念，從個人、家庭、學校、社區等不同層級，找出與學童BMI發展軌跡類型有關之因素。運用群體基礎軌跡模型和多項式邏輯迴歸模型，進行統計分析。為探討國小入學後首次超重時間及相關因素，特將就讀國小入學前已超重者予以排除，留下1249人進行存活分析。結果：1.學童從國小一至六年級之BMI發展軌跡類型，因性別而有顯著差異。2.男性樣本之BMI發展軌跡，可區分為正常稍輕組(40.62%)、持續正常組(34.69%)、過重變肥胖組（18.15%）和持續肥胖組(6.54%)四種類型；女性樣本之BMI發展軌跡可以區分為持續稍輕組(31.04%)、持續正常組(40.18%)、持續過重組(22.03%)和持續肥胖組(6.76%)四種類型，各組BMI之平均值隨時間呈現上升趨勢。3.與BMI發展軌跡類型為超重有關之變項，在男性樣本為：課後做運動、自覺學業表現、家人互動、父母超重情形、父親教育程度；在女性樣本為：看電視及用電腦、家人互動、同儕互動、父母超重情形。4.以國小入學後首次超重時間而言，男性(5.24年)比女性(5.44年)來得早；居住在新竹縣者（5.27年）比臺北市者（5.39年）來得早。5.與國小入學後首次超重時間較早有關的因素，在男性樣本為：父母有超重、與同儕互動較高、與社區互動較低；在女性樣本為：父母有超重、青春期發育較早、自覺同儕互動較高、居住在新竹縣者，家庭為低收入組者。結論：國小學童的BMI發展軌跡類型，及國小入學後首次超重的時間，皆有性別差異。針對於國小學童過重及肥胖的問題，需從一年級，甚至學齡前就開始關注，並及早推動健康促進政策及介入措施。根據本研究發現，建議兒童課後多做運動、減少看電視及用電腦、留意與家人的互動內容、注意與同儕互動內容、和多與社區互動。Objective: To investigate developmental trajectory patterns
of body mass index (BMI) and onset of overweight from the 1st to 6th grade. Methods: Data was obtained from the Children and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-term Evolution project. Participants included 1,609 students who were followed from the 1st to 6th grade (2001-2006). Data included height and weight of students and their parents. The concept of an ecological model was used to indentify the individual, family, school, and community level factors associated with BMI developmental trajectories among students. Group-based trajectory models and multinomial logit models were used in the statistical analysis. To explore the onset of overweight and related factors during elementary school years, we excluded students who were overweight at the beginning of 1st grade, leaving a total of 1249 participants for the survival analysis. Results: 1.There were significant sex differences in BMI developmental trajectory patterns from the 1st to 6th grade. 2. Among boys the four BMI developmental trajectory patterns included the normal that became slightly underweight group (40.62%), the persistently normal group (34.69%), the overweight that became obese group (18.15%), and the persistently obese group (6.54%). Among girls, the BMI developmental trajectory patterns included the persistently slightly underweight group (31.04%), the persistently normal group (40.18%), the persistently overweight group (22.03%), and the persistently obese group (6.76%). The mean BMI in each group demonstrated an upward trend over time. 3. In boys, developmental trajectories of overweight were significantly associated with after-school exercise, academic performance, family interactions, having overweight parents and father''s education level. In girls, developmental trajectories were significantly associated with watching television and using the computer, family interactions, peer interactions, and having overweight parents. 4. The onset of overweight during elementary school among boys ( 5.24 years) was earlier than that in girls (5.44 years). In addition, the onset of overweight occurred earlier in those living in Hsinchu County (5.27 years) compared to Taipei city (5.39 years). 5. In boys, early onset of overweight during elementary school was associated with having overweight parents, higher peer interactions, and less community interactions. In girls, early onset of overweight was associated with having overweight parents, earlier puberty, higher peer interactions, living in Hsinchu County, and coming from a low-income household. Conclusion: Among elementary school students, different patterns of BMI developmental trajectories exist in boys and girls. Similarly, the onset of overweight in elementary school differs by gender. Children who are overweight and obese in the 1st grade, or even in preschool, are an important target for health promotion policies and interventions. Based on our findings we recommend that children be encouraged to participate more in after-school exercise, reduce their time spent watching TV and using computers, pay attention to the content of their interactions with family and peers, and increase their community-level interactions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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