1,720,987 research outputs found
Application of an Integral Equation Method to Coated Half-Spaces
No full text本文目的為探討一鍍膜半空間，即為一半無窮平面上完美接合一有限厚度的層板，受到線差排或均佈線力作用產生的情形。本研究是以雙層異向性材料(bimaterials)的格林函數解建構鍍膜半空間含均佈線力或線差排的非奇異邊界積分方程式。該方程式之基本變數為鍍膜表面的位移梯度，因相關積分不具奇異性，故可使用高斯積分法求得數值解。由表面位移梯度即可計算出任意位置所產生的應力場。與文獻中已有的算例結果比較顯示，本文所提之方法具有極高的準確性。The objective of this thesis is to discuss the stress distribution of a line dislocation or a line force in a coated half-spaces. A coated half-space is a half-space perfectly coated with a layer with finite thickness. The Green’s function for anisotropic biomaterials is used to construct a nonsingular boundary integration for coated half-spaces with a line force or a line dislocation. The basic unknown in the integral equation is the gradient of the surface displacement, which can be calculated numerically using Gaussian quadrature as the related integral is non-singular. The stress fields at any point in the coated half-space can be computed once the gradient of the surface displacement is determined. Comparison with the existing results show that the proposed method is highly accurate
Effects of Task-Oriented Balance Training with Sensory Manipulation on Balance Function and Postural Control in Stroke Patients
No full text腦中風患者常出現平衡能力不佳的情形，影響日常生活功能。近年來臨床物理治療進行平衡訓練的策略以任務導向手法為主流，研究指出經過任務導向模式訓練之後，中風患者的平衡功能、姿勢控制、平衡信心以及行走速度、耐力等都有明顯的進步。研究指出無法選擇正確的感覺訊息（包括視覺、前庭覺與體感覺）是中風患者無法維持平衡的原因之一，依據國際功能、失能與健康分類系統模式以及系統為基礎的任務導向模式概念，若以任務導向運動訓練加上感覺操弄，由於其產生的交互作用，對於不同感覺情境下的姿勢控制與平衡功能，應能產生正面療效。研究發現中風患者以16小時任務導向訓練加上感覺操弄後，結果顯示受試者的姿勢控制有顯著改善，但平衡功能是否改善則未知。其他學者的研究顯示，低至僅6小時之任務導向肌力訓練即可使平衡功能有顯著改善。為促進臨床效益，本研究欲探討6小時的感覺操弄之任務導向平衡訓練，是否能改善中風病患之姿勢控制與平衡功能等兩個層級的平衡能力。研究為施測者單盲隨機分組控制研究設計，在台大醫院復健部、神經部或其他醫院、社區及支持團體收案39名腦中風病患。所有個案完成前測評估後隨機分配到任務導向合併感覺操弄平衡之訓練組與雙側上肢訓練對照組，均接受每次60分鐘、每週2次共三週的訓練。在治療前、後與治療後一個月評估柏格氏平衡量表、計時起走測試、動態步態指標，以及電腦動態姿勢平衡儀之感覺整合測驗與八方向持續重心轉移測驗。本研究使用二維重複變異數分析及事後分析檢定兩組的差異；若前測值有差異，則將前測值作為共變數，進行二維重複共變數分析，並以皮爾森相關係數分析變項間與改變量間相關性。統計上顯著差異水平定為0.05。研究結果顯示前測時，兩組受試者除了感覺整合測驗的視覺同步與底板同步情境之平衡分數控制組高於實驗組外，其餘各參數在兩組間均無顯著差異。所有參數在訓練後均無顯著組間差異，但在柏格氏平衡量表、計時起走測試、動態步態指標、感覺整合測驗的平衡總分、底板同步、閉眼及底板同步、視覺同步及底板同步的平衡分數有顯著組內差異，且實驗組較控制組有進步較多的趨勢。研究無法證實感覺操弄任務導向平衡訓練對於中風患者在平衡功能與姿勢控制相較控制組的差異性，可能是受到受試者變異性、樣本數、評估工具的適當性和治療劑量與內容的影響。然而由結果可發現實驗組進步的趨勢較控制組明顯，表示感覺操弄平衡訓練對中風患者的平衡功能與姿勢控制改善有良好效益。Imbalance is a major disability following stroke which contributes to the activity of daily living in these patients. In recent years, task-oriented approach has become a main stream for balance training in physical therapy for the stroke patients. Literature revealed that task-oriented approach may lead to significant improvements in balance function, postural control, balance confidence, walking speed and walking endurance. Impairment of sensory integration for balance is a major contributing factor for imbalance after stroke. Based on the concept of system-based task-oriented approach, a task-oriented approach balance function training combines sensory manipulation may lead to improvement in both balance impairment and balance function more efficiently, hence requiring less training time to result in significant improvement. revious study showed that after a 16-hour task-oriented balance training with sensory manipulation, stroke patients improved their postural control. The effect on balance function was not investigated in this previous study. The aim of our study was to investigate the immediate and long term treatment effect of a 6-hour task-oriented balance training with sensory manipulation on postural control and balance function in stroke patients. he design of this study was a single-blind randomized controlled trial. The sample size was 39. Patients with stroke were recruited from the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology in National Taiwan University Hospital, other hospitals, community and family support groups. After consent, subjects were randomized to either the balance training group or a control training group. Both groups received 60 minutes/day, 2 days/week for a total of 3 weeks of exercise training. Outcome tests included the Berg Balance Scale, the Timed Up and Go Test, the Dynamic Gait Index and the dynamic posturography (Sensory Organization Test, Limits of Stability of the NeuroCom Smart Balance Master system). These tests were conducted during baseline, immediately after training and at 4 weeks after training. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measure followed by post hoc tests was used for analyzing the differences between two groups. A two-way ANCOVA was used to analyze the Equilibrium Score in the eyes open, sway referenced surround and support condition. The relationships between outcomes and changes were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results were accepted as statistically significant at p<0.05. here were no significant group differences in baseline data except the equilibrium score in eye open, sway reference surround and support condition derived from the Sensory Organization Test. After the 6-hour balance training, no significant differences were found between experimental and control groups in all variables. Significant within-group improvement was noted in the Berg Balance Scale, the Timed Up and Go Test, the Dynamic Gait Index, the Composite Equilibrium Score, the Equilibrium Score in the eyes open, sway referenced support condition, the eyes closed, sway referenced support condition and the eyes open, sway referenced surround and support condition. Further analysis suggested small differences in favor of the experimental group.o evidence was found for the superiority of the task-oriented balance training with sensory manipulation in stroke patients. This was possibly due to the wide between-group variation, small sample size, appropriateness of outcome measures and the content of balance training program. However, balance function and postural control improved more in the balance training group than in the control group from pre-test to post-test. Therefore, this study showed that a 6-hour task-oriented balance training improved balance function and postural control in stroke patients. Further studies are recommended.口試委員審定書 I謝 II文摘要 III文摘要 V一章 前言 1一節、 研究背景 1二節、 研究的重要性 3三節、 研究目的 4四節、 研究問題與假說 4五節、 名詞定義 5二章 文獻回顧 8一節、 中風病患之站立平衡能力與恢復 8二節、 任務導向模式之特質與對中風病患姿勢控制的療效 11三節、 感覺操弄訓練的特質對中風病患姿勢控制的效果 13四節、 結果評量之心理計量特性 15三章 研究方法 20一節、 研究設計 20二節、 受試者 20三節、 評估項目與測量工具 21四節、 訓練方式與內容 24五節、 資料處理與統計分析 25六節、 中止實驗原則 25四章 結果 26一節、 受試者資料 26二節、 後測與追蹤的參數改變 28三節、 參數之間的相關性 30五章 討論 31一節、 感覺操弄平衡訓練對平衡功能的效果 31二節、 感覺操弄平衡訓練對姿勢控制的效果 34三節、 各變量相關性之探討 37四節、 研究限制 37五節、 臨床應用 38六章 結論 39考文獻 40錄 7
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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