1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Avian Community Composition and Habitat Preferences in Fragmented Landscape
No full text棲地破碎化對生物多樣性的效應對所有的物種並不一致，且不易釐清。若研究只在廣（地景）尺度下檢視群聚組成，則細微的反應容易被忽略。因此，在細（區塊）尺度下探討個體層級的反應亦相當重要。在群聚的層級，於破碎環境中的區塊之間檢驗地景結構（區塊面積、形狀複雜度、相鄰區塊、棲地類型）與植群結構（垂直枝葉結構、植群組成）對鳥種豐富度的效應與交互作用。在個體層級，則分別檢驗不同物種、繁殖狀態（在地繁殖者、鄰地繁殖者、冬候鳥種）、以及生態同功群（食蟲者、雜食者）鳥類的棲地偏好。最後則比較不同繁殖狀態的鳥類在不同棲地類型的區塊中是否具邊緣效應。研究地（國立臺灣大學梅峰山地實驗農場）區分成286個區塊及六種棲地類型（建築、耕地、天然林、果園、人工林、水池）。2005年到2007年的三個繁殖季中，所有被觀察到的鳥類個體（66種、1,1740個紀錄點）的位置皆記錄於地圖上，所有區塊的植群結構則在2007年測量。
在群聚層級，棲地類型和植群結構對鳥種豐富度的影響大於區塊面積。在建築、耕地、人工林及水池，該區塊與天然林和人工林區塊的相鄰長度為維持鳥種豐富度的重要因子。在果園、天然林與人工林中，植群結構則為維持更高的鳥種豐富度的重要因子。在個體層級，大多數的鳥種偏好天然林與人工林，但是仍然有些鳥種偏好非森林的棲地。不同物種、繁殖狀態以及生態同功群的鳥類個體，對垂直枝葉結構與植群組成的偏好皆不盡相同。在地繁殖者的紀錄點密度顯著的高於鄰地繁殖者與冬候鳥種。在建築與耕地中，任何繁殖狀態的鳥類個體紀錄點密度沒有顯著的邊緣效應。然而，在地繁殖者在果園、天然林與人工林中，與冬候鳥種在天然林中，邊緣距離帶的紀錄點密度顯著地高於內部。這些結果暗示地景結構、垂直枝葉結構與植群組成的多樣度是在破碎環境中維持高生物多樣性的重要因子。破碎的區塊可以依面積和植群結構分類。植群結構單純的區塊（無論面積大或小），首要是增加其植群結構的複雜度。植群結構複雜的大區塊對於吸引鳥類個體與維持高鳥種豐富度而言是較好的狀態，但是無法吸引某些偏好非森林棲地的鳥種。Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity are not universal to all species and are difficult to be clarified. If only examining community composition at broader (landscape) scale, it will be easy to neglect some delicate responses. It is important to conduct research on individual level and at finer (patch) scale. This study was aimed to examine the effects and interactions of the attributes of landscape structure (patch area, shape complexity, neighboring patches, and habitat type) and vegetation structure (vertical foliage structure, and floristic composition) to bird species richness among patches in a fragmented environment. On individual level, the habitat preferences of different bird species, reproductive statuses (local breeders, neighboring breeders, and wintering species), and ecological guilds (insectivores and omnivores) among diverse landscape components were also examined. Finally, edge effects to different bird reproductive statuses in different habitat types were compared. The study site, Meifeng Highlands Experimental Farm of National Taiwan University, was classified into 286 patches and six habitat types (buildings, fields, native forests, orchards, plantations, and ponds). The locations of all observed bird individuals (66 species, 11,740 registration spots) were mapped during three breeding seasons from 2005 to 2007. The vegetation structures of the 286 patches were measured in 2007.
On community level, the effects of habitat types and vegetation structure on bird species richness were stronger than patch area. For patches of buildings, fields, plantations and ponds, the length of adjacent native forests and plantations were the important factors to sustain bird species richness; in orchards, native forests and plantations, vegetation structure were the important factors to sustain higher bird species richness. On individual level, most species preferred native forests and plantations, but there were still some species preferred non-forest habitats. Different species, reproductive statuses, and ecological guilds preferred different situations of vertical foliage structure and floristic composition. The registration spot densities of local breeders were significantly higher than neighboring breeders and wintering species. In buildings and fields, the registration spot densities of different reproductive statuses did not show significant edge effects. However, the registration spot densities of edge buffer zones were significantly higher than the interior ones in orchards, native forests, and plantations for local breeders, and in native forests for wintering species. These results suggested that diversity of landscape structure, vertical foliage structure, and floristic composition were important factors to sustain higher biodiversity in fragmented environments. Fragmented patches can be classified by area and vegetation structure. For patches with simple vegetation structure (no matter large or small), it is important to increase the complexity of vegetation structure. Large patches with complex vegetation structure are the best to attract bird individuals and sustain high bird species richness, but invalid to some species which prefer non-forest habitats
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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