1,720,953 research outputs found
Strategies for the implementation of ion implantation doping technique in c-Si wafer-based solar cells
No full textElectricity consumption is increased in last twenty years. It is crucial therefore to find alternative, renewable and sustainable sources to mantain this development. Solar energy has proved to be a valid alternative to produce clean energy. The gigantic development of solar energy technology in the last twenty years has lead to a scenario inwhich solar energy is no more a dream or an experimental demonstration of scientific principles, but it is fully integrated in energy production. To make it comparable with other sources, prices are lowered employing mass-production and more simple technologies. One of the possible technologies available is to use crystalline silicon wafers as absorber layer in combination with ion implantation doping technique. This doping technology is inherited by integrated circuit industry. Therefore, the context of this thesis is to explore ion implantation to simplify processing of c-Si solar cells. Indeed, the feature of this doping technique allows to speed up processing of current industrial standard named passivated emitter rear contact (PERC). Moreover, the integration of so-called carrier-selective passivating contacts with ion implantation is of great interest for future evolution of c-Si solar cell industry.Photovoltaic Materials and Device
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Modulated surface texturing on temporary aluminium substrate for flexible thin-film solar cells
No full textThin-film photovoltaic technologies are gaining momentum over the currently dominated crystalline silicon technologies. In addition to the competitive prices, flexible thin-film technology especially has the added advantage such as in building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) due to its flexibility and light weight. HyET Solar B.V. is a company based in the Netherlands which state-of-the-art Roll to Roll (R2R) technology to produce such flexible solar cells. A temporary aluminum foil is used as substrate on to which FTO/p-i-n solar cell stack is deposited. The temporary foil is etched away, and the layers are encapsulated in low cost polymer foils. This thesis is part of the on-going FlamingoPV (Flexible Lightweight Advanced Materials In Next Generation of PV) project in collaboration between HyET Solar and TU Delft, to develop single, tandem and triple junction cells with 12, 13 and 14% efficiencies and a lifetime longer than 35 years. This thesis is inspired by the work of Tan et. al [8] where record efficiency cells were achieved on solar cells deposited on ‘Modulated Surface Textured’ (MST) glass substrates. In MST, increased light scattering is obtained by superposition of various scattering mechanisms which is achieved by introducing different textures at different interfaces and stacking them together. The requirements of the MST are two-fold: to provide efficient light trapping and to aid in the growth of high-quality layers. The aim is to introduce MST in the R2R process by developing micro sized crater-shaped features on the temporary Al foil on to which naturally nano sized V-shaped textures of FTO is deposited. The crater-shaped features are developed on the Al foil (~110 um) using wet chemical etching techniques. Various acid and alkaline based etchants are experimented. The etching parameters- concentration and temperature of the etchant and the etching time are varied to achieve the optimum recipe. These parameters should be varied such that the features have a correlation length (an estimate of how wide the feature is) 3-4 um and an aspect ratio (ratio of RMS roughness to correlation length) of 12-14%. These features are characterized using SEM and AFM to measure the aforesaid parameters and reflectance and angular intensity distribution measurements to measure its effectiveness of scattering. Alkaline based etchants (KOH and NaOH) resulted in crater-shaped features unlike acid etchants which resulted in pyramidal features. It was observed that there is an initial ‘induction period’ before which the etching started. For lower temperature, time and concentration, the induction period is longer. To ensure mechanical stability during deposition stages, the foil needs to be thicker than 70 um on lab-scale. The above-mentioned etching parameters were varied, and the best recipe was found to be 1.78M KOH at 70°C for an etching time of 2 minutes, 1.78M KOH at 60°C for 3 minutes and 1.42M NaOH at 70°C for 2.5 minutes. These samples displayed a correlation length 4-4.6 um and aspect ratios from 12-14% which is close to the targeted values and are higher than the existing texturing at HyET (‘factory baseline’) which had correlation length and aspect ratios of 500 nm and 5.7% respectively. These samples also showed higher scattering compared to the factory baseline. The nc-Si:H and a-Si:H/nc-Si:H layers deposited on to these samples resulted in dense high-quality layers. The TCO/p-i-n layers deposited also adapted the texturing pattern of the Al foil, unlike the factory baseline where the Al surface morphology was not adapted by the other layers as the features were significantly smaller. Further, to enhance the uniformity of texturing, various ‘chelating agents’ and ‘surfactants’ such as gluconic acids and glycols as well as varying the speed of etching to ensure homogenous contact of etchant with the foil was carried out. Both these techniques resulted in in an increased etch rate as well as an increase in the density of the craters on the foil. Considering the limitations of the R2R process, the best lab recipes were adapted (50°C, 1.42M NaOH, 1.8 minutes) to implement on the R2R etching machine. The resulting Al foil had higher surface morphology parameters and scattering compared to the factory baseline. The cells deposited on this texturing adapted the morphology of the Al foil. Optical simulations were done using GenPro4 where the AFM data of the textures were given as the input. The best lab samples as well as the R2R testing recipe showed larger absorption in the higher wavelengths in both nc-Si:H single junction and a-Si:H/nc-Si:H tandem cells, compared to the standard factory baseline texturing.Flamingo PVElectrical Engineering | Electrical Power Engineerin
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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