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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Characterization and agronomic efficiency of solid organomineral phosphate fertilizers in the initial development of corn (Zea mays L.)
No full textPhosphorus (P) is the most limiting nutrient production in tropical regions soils. This feature stems from the high capacity that these soils have to fix the P, so that gets unavailable to the plants absorbs it. Thus, the increased efficiency of phosphate fertilizers, the use of alternative sources to the minerals and the proper management are important tools to minimize this problem. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize and to evaluate the agronomic efficiency and the residual effect of solid organomineral phosphate fertilizers in the initial development of maize (Zea mays L.) when cultivated with different NPK formulated fertilizers (5-20-2 granulated organomineral - OG, 3-15-2 mixture of granules organomineral - OM and 3-15-2 mixture of granules mineral - MM) and P levels in an Oxisol. For the characterization, physical and chemical fertilizer analyzes were performed for determination of pH, the content of N, K2O, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, carbon, humic acid and fulvic. The P2O5 content determined were the total, soluble in water, in neutral ammonium citrate (CNA) and in citric acid. The fertilizers were further characterized for the particle size, moisture and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using pots with 5 kg of soil. Sachets containing OG, OM and MM fertilizers with doses of 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 of P were buried in the soil. The amount of fertilizer for each dose was defined according to the total P level found in the characterization. There were performed 4 successive cultivations in the same pot being conducted two corn plants per pot. After 35 days the plants were evaluated, cut and prepared for analysis of levels of P, N, K, Ca and Mg in the dry mass of shoot (MSPA). The three analyzed fertilizers are not in accordance with the IN 25/2009 and the IN 05/2007, which establish standards for the physical and chemical specifications and guarantees necessary and mandatory for fertilizers. The three fertilizers presented the P soluble in water value very similar, although the P soluble in CNA + WATER among them has proved different. By means of FTIR analysis, it was observed the presence of organic aliphatic compounds, protein, lipid, although these have not been quantified. The biometric data and P contents in the MSPA to different doses of P and fertilizers showed quadratic settings initially, but over the cultivations, it have shown linear trends. The MM fertilizer was superior to the OG and OM due to its higher accumulated MSPA. The SPAD index showed similar behavior to the P content in the MSPA, showing that there was response to different doses of P, so that SPAD values were higher when the plants had better development. In the sum of the four cultivations, plants fertilized with OM and MM did not differ and showed higher P accumulated and P Recovery Index in relation to OG. In general, it was observed that OM fertilizer showed better performance than OG, except in the first cultivation.O fósforo (P) é o nutriente mais limitante de produção em solos de regiões de clima tropical. Esta característica decorre da alta capacidade que esses solos têm em fixar o P de modo que fique indisponível para que as plantas o absorvam. Dessa forma, o aumento da eficiência dos fertilizantes fosfatados, o uso de fontes alternativas aos minerais e o manejo adequado tornam-se ferramentas importantes para minimizar este problema. Assim sendo, este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar e avaliar a eficiência agronômica e o efeito residual de fertilizantes organominerais fosfatados no desenvolvimento inicial da cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) quando cultivado com diferentes fertilizantes formulados NPK (5-20-2 organomineral granulado - OG, 3-15-2 organomineral mistura de grânulos - OM e 3-15-2 mineral mistura de grânulos - MM) e doses de P em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico. Foram determinados quimicamente para cada fertilizante o pH, os teores de N, K2O, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, carbono, ácido húmico e fúlvico. Foram determinados os teores P2O5 considerados totais, solúvel em água, em citrato neutro de amônio e ácido cítrico. Os fertilizantes estudados ainda foram caracterizados quanto a granulometria, a umidade e por Espectroscopia de Infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR). O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação utilizando vasos com 5 kg de solo. Foram enterrados saches contendo os fertilizantes OG, OM e MM com as doses de 0, 25, 50, 100 e 200 mg kg-1 de P. A quantidade de fertilizantes para cada dose foi definida de acordo com os teores de P encontrados na caracterização. Foram realizados 4 cultivos sucessivos nos mesmos vasos sendo conduzidas duas plantas de milho por vaso. No 35º dia as plantas eram avaliadas, cortadas e preparadas para análises de teores de P, N, K, Ca e Mg na massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) das plantas. Os três fertilizantes analisados não se encontram de acordo com a IN 25/2009 e IN 05/2007, as quais estabelecem normas sobre as especificações e garantias físicas e químicas necessárias e obrigatórias. O P solúvel em ÁGUA dos três fertilizantes apresentou valor muito semelhante, embora o P solúvel em CNA+ÁGUA entre eles tenha se mostrado diferente. Por meio da análise de FTIR, pode-se observar a presença de compostos orgânicos alifáticos, proteicos, lipídicos, embora estes não tenham sidos quantificados. As respostas dos dados biométricos e dos teores de P da MSPA às diferentes doses de P e aos fertilizantes apresentaram ajustes quadráticos inicialmente, porém, ao longo dos cultivos, passaram a ter tendências lineares. O fertilizante MM foi superior ao OG e OM por apresentar maior MSPA acumulada. O índice SPAD mostrou comportamento similar aos teores de P na MSPA, mostrando que houve resposta às diferentes doses de P, de modo que os valores SPAD foram maiores quando as plantas obtiveram melhor desenvolvimento. No somatório dos 4 cultivos, as plantas adubadas com OM e MM não diferiram entre si e apresentaram maior P acumulado e IRP em relação ao OG. De modo geral, observou-se que o fertilizante OM apresentou melhor desempenho do que OG, com exceção do primeiro cultivo.xi, 100
Adubação fosfatada utilizando fertilizantes organominerais na cultura da soja em solo de fertilidade construída
Full text linkOrientador: Prof. Dr. Marcelo Augusto BatistaCoorientador: Prof. Dr. Tadeu Takeyoshi InoueTese (doutorado em agronomia) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2019viii, 72 f. : il. (algumas color.)
Characterization and agronomic efficiency of solid organomineral phosphate fertilizers in the initial development of corn (Zea mays L.)
No full textPhosphorus (P) is the most limiting nutrient production in tropical regions soils. This feature stems from the high capacity that these soils have to fix the P, so that gets unavailable to the plants absorbs it. Thus, the increased efficiency of phosphate fertilizers, the use of alternative sources to the minerals and the proper management are important tools to minimize this problem. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize and to evaluate the agronomic efficiency and the residual effect of solid organomineral phosphate fertilizers in the initial development of maize (Zea mays L.) when cultivated with different NPK formulated fertilizers (5-20-2 granulated organomineral - OG, 3-15-2 mixture of granules organomineral - OM and 3-15-2 mixture of granules mineral - MM) and P levels in an Oxisol. For the characterization, physical and chemical fertilizer analyzes were performed for determination of pH, the content of N, K2O, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, carbon, humic acid and fulvic. The P2O5 content determined were the total, soluble in water, in neutral ammonium citrate (CNA) and in citric acid. The fertilizers were further characterized for the particle size, moisture and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using pots with 5 kg of soil. Sachets containing OG, OM and MM fertilizers with doses of 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 of P were buried in the soil. The amount of fertilizer for each dose was defined according to the total P level found in the characterization. There were performed 4 successive cultivations in the same pot being conducted two corn plants per pot. After 35 days the plants were evaluated, cut and prepared for analysis of levels of P, N, K, Ca and Mg in the dry mass of shoot (MSPA). The three analyzed fertilizers are not in accordance with the IN 25/2009 and the IN 05/2007, which establish standards for the physical and chemical specifications and guarantees necessary and mandatory for fertilizers. The three fertilizers presented the P soluble in water value very similar, although the P soluble in CNA + WATER among them has proved different. By means of FTIR analysis, it was observed the presence of organic aliphatic compounds, protein, lipid, although these have not been quantified. The biometric data and P contents in the MSPA to different doses of P and fertilizers showed quadratic settings initially, but over the cultivations, it have shown linear trends. The MM fertilizer was superior to the OG and OM due to its higher accumulated MSPA. The SPAD index showed similar behavior to the P content in the MSPA, showing that there was response to different doses of P, so that SPAD values were higher when the plants had better development. In the sum of the four cultivations, plants fertilized with OM and MM did not differ and showed higher P accumulated and P Recovery Index in relation to OG. In general, it was observed that OM fertilizer showed better performance than OG, except in the first cultivation.O fósforo (P) é o nutriente mais limitante de produção em solos de regiões de clima tropical. Esta característica decorre da alta capacidade que esses solos têm em fixar o P de modo que fique indisponível para que as plantas o absorvam. Dessa forma, o aumento da eficiência dos fertilizantes fosfatados, o uso de fontes alternativas aos minerais e o manejo adequado tornam-se ferramentas importantes para minimizar este problema. Assim sendo, este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar e avaliar a eficiência agronômica e o efeito residual de fertilizantes organominerais fosfatados no desenvolvimento inicial da cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) quando cultivado com diferentes fertilizantes formulados NPK (5-20-2 organomineral granulado - OG, 3-15-2 organomineral mistura de grânulos - OM e 3-15-2 mineral mistura de grânulos - MM) e doses de P em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico. Foram determinados quimicamente para cada fertilizante o pH, os teores de N, K2O, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, carbono, ácido húmico e fúlvico. Foram determinados os teores P2O5 considerados totais, solúvel em água, em citrato neutro de amônio e ácido cítrico. Os fertilizantes estudados ainda foram caracterizados quanto a granulometria, a umidade e por Espectroscopia de Infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR). O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação utilizando vasos com 5 kg de solo. Foram enterrados saches contendo os fertilizantes OG, OM e MM com as doses de 0, 25, 50, 100 e 200 mg kg-1 de P. A quantidade de fertilizantes para cada dose foi definida de acordo com os teores de P encontrados na caracterização. Foram realizados 4 cultivos sucessivos nos mesmos vasos sendo conduzidas duas plantas de milho por vaso. No 35º dia as plantas eram avaliadas, cortadas e preparadas para análises de teores de P, N, K, Ca e Mg na massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) das plantas. Os três fertilizantes analisados não se encontram de acordo com a IN 25/2009 e IN 05/2007, as quais estabelecem normas sobre as especificações e garantias físicas e químicas necessárias e obrigatórias. O P solúvel em ÁGUA dos três fertilizantes apresentou valor muito semelhante, embora o P solúvel em CNA+ÁGUA entre eles tenha se mostrado diferente. Por meio da análise de FTIR, pode-se observar a presença de compostos orgânicos alifáticos, proteicos, lipídicos, embora estes não tenham sidos quantificados. As respostas dos dados biométricos e dos teores de P da MSPA às diferentes doses de P e aos fertilizantes apresentaram ajustes quadráticos inicialmente, porém, ao longo dos cultivos, passaram a ter tendências lineares. O fertilizante MM foi superior ao OG e OM por apresentar maior MSPA acumulada. O índice SPAD mostrou comportamento similar aos teores de P na MSPA, mostrando que houve resposta às diferentes doses de P, de modo que os valores SPAD foram maiores quando as plantas obtiveram melhor desenvolvimento. No somatório dos 4 cultivos, as plantas adubadas com OM e MM não diferiram entre si e apresentaram maior P acumulado e IRP em relação ao OG. De modo geral, observou-se que o fertilizante OM apresentou melhor desempenho do que OG, com exceção do primeiro cultivo.xi, 100
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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